Humans ; Neoplasms ; therapy ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell ; T-Lymphocytes

Objective To discuss the optical coherence tomography (OCT)characteristics in patients with syphilitic chorioretinitis.Methods This was a retrospective cohort study.58 patients (88 eyes) with syphilitic chorioretinitis were included.The fluorescence fundus angiography (FFA),indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) and OCT examination were performed,and the rapid plasma regain test (RPR) and treponema pallidum particle agglutination test (TPPA) were also made.The treatment response and follow up results were analyzed.Results In this study,87 eyes represented as needle like projections of the retinal pigment epithelium,86 eyes represented as retinal external membrane and myoid,ellipsoid structure was unclear or disappear,68 eyes represented as high reflection points within the vitreous body,16 eyes represented as shallow retinal detachment.After treatment,the needle like projections of the retinal pigment epithelium were fully restored in 79 eyes,retinal external membrane and myoid,ellipsoid structure were partial displayed in 62 eyes,and shallow retinal detachment were fully restored in 16 eyes.Conclusion The manifestations of OCT in patients with syphilitic chorioretinitis include needle like projections of the retinal pigment epithelium,unclear or disappear retinal external membrane and myoid,ellipsoid structure,high reflection points within the vitreous body and shallow retinal detachment.The above manifestations of OCT can be recovered significantly with treatment.

Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of ultrasound - guided injection of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) for the treatment of recalcitrant lateral epicondylitis. Methods From September 2014 to June 2016, a total of 15 patients with recalcitrant lateral epicondylitis received ultrasound - guided injection of autologous PRP therapy, including via left arm injection (n=2) and via right arm injection (n=13). By using twice centrifugal method, the patient' s own venous whole blood was centrifuged to obtain PRP. All patients underwent PRP injection once a week, a total of 3 treatments were performed for each patient. Results After the first injection of PRP, the patients were followed up for 12 months. One month after the treatment, visual analogue scale (VAS) score was obviously improved, at 3 months after the treatment the improvement of VAS score reached its peak and it remained at this level until 12 months after the treatment. The elbow joint function, which was evaluated with modified MAYO elbow score, was also significantly improved in one month after the treatment, and the clinical effect was sustained to 12 months after the treatment. Conclusion Ultrasound - guided precise injection of PRP can effectively improve the pain and the elbow joint function caused by recalcitrant lateral epicondylitis. (J Intervent Radiol, 2018, 27:238-241)

Platelets play a role in hemostasis in vivo, and platelet transfusion is the main means to treat bleeding diseases caused by thrombocytopenia or platelet dysfunction. However, platelets are in short supply due to the increasing demand for platelet products in clinical, the limited number of blood donors and the disadvantages of platelet products such as short shelf life and bacteria contamination. Currently, induced pluripotent stem cells are considered an ideal source for producing platelets in vitro. They have the potential for self-renewal and differentiation into any cell type, and can be obtained and manipulated easily. Given the recent advances in megakaryocytic series, bioreactors, feeder-free cell production and large-scale propagation research, platelet preparations derived from induced pluripotent stem cells have gradually shown great potential for clinical applications. Considering the minimal risk of alloimmunization and tumorigenesis with these blood products, they are promising to become the standard source of future blood transfusions. This paper reviews the research progress of the methodological techniques of in vitro generation of platelets from induced pluripotent stem cells.

Objective:To examine the expression of OUT domain deubiquitinase with linear linkage specificity(OTULIN)in gastric cancer tissues and explore the impact of OTULIN silencing on the proliferation of gastric cancer MKN45 and AGS cells as well as its underlying mechanisms. Methods:Immunohistochemical staining was performed to detect the expression level of OTULIN in 73 gastric cancer tissues and 24 normal gastric mucosa.The association between OTULIN expression and the prognosis as well as the clinicopathological features of gastric cancer patients was analyzed.The above results were validated using public data from The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)database and Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)database.CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology was used to construct OTULIN-knockout gastric cancer cells MKN45 and AGS.The efficiency of gene knockout was validated by Western blotting.The effects of OTULIN knockout on the proliferation of gastric cancer cells MKN45 and AGS were assessed by CCK-8 assay and soft agar colony formation assay.Immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry technique was exploited to identify potential protein substrates interacting with OTULIN and linear ubiquitin molecule INT-Ub.7KR.The changes in the activity of rate-limiting enzymes for glycolysis were measured using pyruvate kinase(PK)activity assay kit and lactate production was analyzed by lactate colorimetric/fluorometric assay kit in OTULIN-depleted cells.The effect of OTULIN on substrate linear ubiquitination was evaluated using co-immunoprecipitation and Western blotting. Results:The expression level of OTULIN in gastric cancer tissues was higher than that in normal gastric mucosa(P=0.004 1)as revealed by immunohistochemical analysis.Patients with higher OTULIN expression in the cancer tissues had a lower suvival time(P=0.007 7).Analysis of datasets from TCGA and GEO databases also confirmed that OTULIN was highly expressed in gastric tissues(P＜0.05)and high OTULIN expression was associated with poor prognosis(P=0.011).Statistical analysis also showed that higher expression of OTULIN was correlated with later TNM stages(P=0.027 3)and was an independent indicator for shorter survival time of gastric cancer patients(P=0.04).Knockout of OTULIN significantly inhibited the proliferation(P＜0.000 1),decreased the activity of PK(P＜0.01)and reduced lactate production(P＜0.01)of gastric cancer cells.OTULIN interacted with several key enzymes in the glycolysis pathway and downregulated the linear ubiquitination levels of these enzymes,including pyruvate kinase M1(PKM1),PKM2,lactate dehydrogenase A(LDHA)and LDHB. Conclusion:OTULIN is a novel biomarker for predicting the prognosis of gastric cancer patients.It activates the glycolytic pathway and promote the progression of gastric cancer possibly by downregulating the linear ubiquitination modification of rate-limiting enzymes in glycolysis.

【Objective】 In the process of proliferation and division, normal human cells reach the mortality stage M1 and mortality stage M2, which makes the cells stop division and apoptosis. This irreversible physiological process is also an inherent anti-tumor mechanism. The limited ability of cell proliferation limits its role in basic research, clinical application, bioengineering and other fields. The development of immortalized cell lines with stable, continuous proliferation and normal structure and function has become a hot and difficult point in the research of cell biology.Immortalized cells are important sources for the production of engineered blood cells.This review discusses the molecular research process of immortalization technology which is widely used at present and describes the technology of immortalized cell de-immortalization.

【Objective】 To investigate the effect of cold agglutination on blood group typing. 【Methods】 37℃ water bath, absorption elution test and 2-mercaptoethanol method were used to eliminate the influence of cold agglutination. Forward and reverse blood group typing, cross matching, DAT and IAT experiments were then performed on red blood cells and serum after treatment. 【Results】 Before treatment, obvious discrepancy in forward /reverse typing and nontypable cross matching in 16 blood samples were noticed due to cold agglutination. After corresponding treatments, all samples were consistent or negative in forward/reverse typing, cross matching and antibody screening. No adverse reactions to cross matching blood transfusion occurred in patients, and the increase of hemoglobin was in line with the effective standard of transfusion. 【Conclusion】 37℃ water bath, absorption elution test and 2-mercaptoethanol method can be used to eliminate the interference caused by cold agglutination to obtain correct typing results. The strong reactivity caused by cold agglutination in AIHA patients were different from other cases, which deserved our attention.

Platelet transfusion is the main clinical treatment of thrombocytopenia. However, due to the difficulty of platelet collection, high cost of use and limited number of blood donors, the development of platelet treatment is greatly limited. Therefore, the research on thrombogenesis in vitro has attracted more attention at home and abroad. Platelet production in vitro has the advantages of donor-independence, platelet antigen free and low risk of alloimmunity. At present, the efficiency of producing functional platelets in vitro is low, and there is still a big gap to achieve the ultimate goal of producing a large number of functional platelets in vitro. This paper reviews the research progress of megakaryocyte / platelet production in vitro, focuses on the in vitro production potential of megakaryocyte / platelet, and summarizes the current platelet culture systems in vitro based on human pluripotent stem cells, embryonic stem cells and adipose stem cells. The contradictions and difficulties of platelet production in vitro were also discussed to provide theoretical support for further research.

【Objective】 To investigate the role of thromboelastography (TEG) in the diagnosis and treatment of PICC related venous thrombosis in tumor patients, and provide basis for predicting PIC related venous thrombosis. 【Methods】 148 tumor patients who underwent PICC catheterization in our hospital from January to July 2019 were enrolled. The patients were subjected to TEG examination and ultrasound examination of limb blood vessels on catheterization side regularly one day before catheterization and 4 successive weeks after catheterization(once a week), respectively. The patients with venous thrombosis were subjected to TEG examination and vascular ultrasound regularly for 3 successive weeks(once a week) after anticoagulant therapy. The relationship between the occurrence and time of venous thrombosis and the changes of TEG parameters was analyzed. 【Results】 The pre-/post-catheterization TEG parameter of 81 patients without venous thrombosis indicated that coagulation state was normal (R value F=0.198, K value F=0.047, α value F=0.442, MAvalue F=0.079, CIvalue F=0.026, P>0.05). The TEG parameter of 67 patients, who developed asymptomatic venous thrombosis 1 to 3 weeks after catheterization(38 cases in 1 week, 16 in 2 weeks and 13 in 3 weeks), indicated the blood was hypercoagulable and the TEG parameter was statistically different from the pre-catheterization value(P<0.01). But after anticoagulant treatment, the coagulation state gradually returned to normal as the TEG parameter reached pre-catheterization value for 3 successive weeks (P>0.05). 【Conclusion】 TEG can reflect the status of PICC related venous thrombosis in tumor patients.Strengthening TEG monitor in tumor patients 1 to 3 weeks after PICC catheterization is conducive to early detection, diagnosis and treatment for PICCrelated thrombosis, thus reducing the harm of venous thrombosis to patients.

Clostridioides difficile is a key pathogen of antibiotic related diarrhea and hospital associated infection, causing several outbreaks in Europe and North Americans and resulting in severe disease burden. However, the standardized diagnostic principle and detection specifications in C. difficile infection (CDI) survey are limited in China, and the infection rate and disease burden of CDI in China are unclear. Therefore, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention,National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, together with another 11 institutions, draft the group standard entitled "Diagnosis of Clostridium difficile infection (T/CPMA 008-2020)" of Chinese Preventive Medicine Association. Based on the principle of "legality, scientificity, advancement, and feasibility", this standard clarifies risk factors, diagnosis principles, diagnoses and differential diagnoses in order to improve the accuracy of CDI diagnosis in clinical practice, guide the surveillance for CDI, and understand the infection rate and disease burden of CDI in China .