Objective To compare the rat model of slow transit constipation (STC) established with gavage or feeding compound di-phenoxylate. Methods Forty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into gavage control group (A), gavage group (B), feeding control group (C) and feeding group (D) equally. Group B was given compound diphenoxylate suspension by gavage for 14 days while group A ac-cepted isodose normal saline. Group D were given feed containing compound diphenoxylate for 120 days while group C accepted normal feed. Carbon ink was poured into stomachs to observe the propelling rate after modeling, and the content of aquaporin 3 and aquaporin 4 were detected with immunohistochemistry. Results There were two rats died in group A and group B, respectively. The carbon ink propel-ling rate was lower in group D than in group B (P<0.05). Both aquaporin 3 and aquaporin 4 were more in group D than in group B (P<0.05). Conclusion STC rat model can be established by eating diphenoxylate feed for 120 days, which is safer and more stable than that of gavage for 14 days. Aquaporins in colons may play a role in onset and development of STC.

Objective To investigate the risk factors of gallbladder neoplastic polyps,to determine the proper surgical indications,and to understand more about the clinical characteristics of gallbladder adenoma.Methods The clinical data of 748 patients diagnosed to have polypoid lesion of gallbladder (PLG) and underwent cholecystectomy from January 1998 to December 2012 in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine were retrospectively reviewed.Results Among 748 patients,340 had abdominal symptoms.Postoperative histopathology showed non-neoplastic polyps (n =659),gallbladder adenoma (n =68),gallbladder cancer (n =15) and no polyps (n =6).The mean diameters of the nonneoplastic lesions and the neoplastic polyps were (9.38 ± 3.44) mm and (14.55 ± 5.71) mm,respectively (P ＜ 0.01).The average age of the patients with non-neoplastic lesions was (44.14 ± 11.42) years and (47.39 ± 12.82) years in those with neoplastic polyps (P ＜ 0.05).The proportion of solitary PLG was 41.4％ (253/611) and 59.59％ (47/79) for the non-neoplastic lesions and the neoplastic polyps respec tively (P ＜ 0.01).The size of PLG (13.34 ± 4.18 mm vs.20.07 ± 8.19 mm,P ＜ 0.05) and the age of the patient (45.78 ± 11.66 years vs.54.13 ± 15.82 years,P ＜0.05) between the gallbladder adenoma and gallbladder cancer groups were significantly different.Gallbladder adenoma or dysplasia was identified in 66.7％ (10/15) of gal1bladder cancer specimens.Conclusions Patients with PLG and with abdominal symptoms,large size (≥ 10 mm),old age (≥50 y) and solitary polyp are indications for cholecystectomy.Gallbladder adenoma may develop to gallbladder cancer within 10 years.

Objective To examine the effects of a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ ligand troglitazone on the proliferation and differentiation of HepG2 cells. Methods After the pretreatment of HepG2 cells with troglitazone, MTT and flow cytometry were used to analyze the proliferation and cell cycle of HepG2 cells, respectively. Immunocytochemistry, bromocresol green dye-binding method and chemiluminessence immunosorbent assay was used to determine E-cadherin, albumin and AFP, respectively. The expression of cyclin D1 and c-myc protein were detected by Western blot. Results Troglitazone inhibited the proliferation of HepG2 cells in a concentration-dependent manner and arrested HepG2 ceils at the G0>/G1> phase. After pretreated with troglitazone, HepG2 cells showed E-cadherin expression, a decreased expression of cyclin D1 and c-myc protein, a reduction of AFP level and a dramatic increase of albumin level. Conclusions Troglitazone inhibits proliferation and induces differentiation of HepG2 cells, the mechanism of which might be attributable to the down-regulation of cyclin D1 and c-myc expression.

0.05). The mean growth values in AdCMV-tk/GCV- and AdVEGF-tk/GCV-treated tumors were significantly lower than those in untreated tumors and AdVEGF-tk/saline-untreated tumors( P

OBJECTIVETo investigate the killing effect of herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene expression actuated by the promoter of the vascular endothelial growth factor gene on human hepatocellular tumor cells under hypoxic condition.

METHODSRecombinant adenoviral vectors, AdVEGF-tk and AdVEGF-GFP, were constructed with HSV-tk or GFP under the control of VEGF promoter through AdEasy system. Then GFP expression in hepatoma cell line HepG2 and normal liver cell line L02 transfected with AdVEGF-GFP were observed under fluorescence microscope, and the sensitivity to GCV of the AdVEGF-tk-transfected cells under normoxia or hypoxia condition were monitored by MTT method.

RESULTSGFP expression actuated by VEGF promoter was detected in sporadic L02 cells, but in almost all HepG2 cells after transfected with AdVEGF-GFP. With GCV at 10 micro g/ml and MOI at 100, L02 cells were insensitive to GCV under oxic condition, but more than 70% L02 cells were killed under hypoxic condition. Moreover, HepG2 cells infected with AdVEGF-tk showed the increased GCV sensitivity under hypoxia (over 80% killed) as compared with normoxia (over 60% killed) conditions.

CONCLUSIONHypoxia enhances the GCV sensitivity of human hepatocellular tumor cells infected with recombinant AdVEGF-tk under the control of VEGF promoter.

Adenoviridae ; genetics ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; pathology ; Endothelial Growth Factors ; genetics ; Gene Expression ; drug effects ; Gene Transfer Techniques ; Genetic Vectors ; genetics ; Humans ; Hypoxia ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; genetics ; Liver Neoplasms ; pathology ; Lymphokines ; genetics ; Oxygen ; pharmacology ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; physiology ; Simplexvirus ; enzymology ; Thymidine Kinase ; genetics ; metabolism ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the classification and incidence of acid-base disturbance (ABD) in the patients with post-traumatic multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). METHODS: A total of 119 patients with MODS were examined with arterial blood gas analysis and serum electrolytes detection for 675 times in this study. RESULTS: Different types of ABD existed in 647 times out of 675 times (95.9%) of blood-gas analyses. There were 270 times (41.7%) of simple ABD, 271 times (41.9%) of double ABD and 106 times (16.4%) of triple ABD. Among which, 404 times (62.4%) were in respiratory alkalosis (RAL), 332 times (51.3%) in metabolic acidosis (MA), 227 times (35.1%) in metabolic alkalosis (MAL) and 167 times (25.8%) in respiratory acidosis (RA). In this study, 79 cases (66.4%) out of 119 cases with MODS died from these kinds of ABD. CONCLUSIONS: It suggests that in the early stage of MODS, RAL with or without hypoxemia may exist, and later on, MA or even triple ABD may occur. In order to detect and correct the primary disorders as early as possible, it is important to keep the balance of hydrolyte. The treatment of primary diseases is also important. Disorders of acid-base balance were corrected according to pH standard values, anion gap (AG) and the potential [HCO(3)(-)] were also calculated simultaneously. When pH was more than 7.50 or lower than 7.20, it is necessary to give drugs of acidity or alkalinity to the patients with ABD to maintain pH value within a normal range.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the correlation between midkine (MK) protein expression with local infiltration and metastasis in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

METHODSImmunohistochemical and Western Blot analysis for MK were performed on samples of tumor tissue and the paratumor tissue from HCC and benign liver tumors.

RESULTSThe overexpression of MK protein determined by immunohistochemical analysis was similar to that by Western Blot analysis. No specific positivity was detected in either benign liver tumor tissue or normal liver tissue, but most of HCC tissue showed a positive reaction to MK immunostain. No correlation between MK expression and other clinicopathological features in MK negative or positive HCC cases was found. Yet, the overexpression rate of MK protein in HCC with intra-hepatic metastasis was significantly higher than that in HCC without intra-hepatic metastasis.

CONCLUSIONIn human hepatocellular carcinoma, MK overexpressed at protein level may very well be closely related to local infiltration and metastasis.

Blotting, Western ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; metabolism ; secondary ; Carrier Proteins ; biosynthesis ; metabolism ; Cytokines ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Liver Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Neoplasm Metastasis

Objective:A nomogram model was constructed to predict poor prognosis and death risk of mechanical thrombectomy in patients with cardiogenic acute stroke.Methods:Selected 276 patients with cardiogenic acute stroke who were treated by Jiangyin Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2016 to June 2020 who underwent mechanical thrombectomy as the research objects, and recorded their general information and laboratory test results. On the 90th day, the subjects were divided into a good prognosis group ( n=122) and a poor prognosis group ( n=154) according to whether the prognosis was poor or not; according to whether they died, the subjects were divided into the survival group ( n=208) and the death group ( n=68). The differences in patient related data were compared, Logistic regression analysis was used to screen for risk factors for poor prognosis and death, the line chart prediction model was established, and the ability of the column chart model to predict poor prognosis and death was evaluated by using the subject work characteristic (ROC) curve. The independent factors selected by multivariate regression analysis were used as predictors to construct a nomogram model to predict the prognosis of mechanical thrombectomy surgery in patients with cardiogenic acute stroke. The degree of calibration and validity of the nomogram model established in this study Make an evaluation. The measurement data that obey the normal distribution were represented by the Mean ± standard deviation ( ± s), and the two independent sample t test was used for the comparison between groups; The comparison of enumeration data between groups adopted chi-square test. Results:Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed age ( OR=1.165; 95% CI: 1.046-1.284; P=0.001), diabetes ( OR=1.123; 95% CI: 1.021-1.225; P<0.001), hemorrhage transformation ( OR= 2.394; 95% CI: 1.857-2.931; P=0.001), recanalization ( OR=0.418; 95% CI: 0.410-0.552; P=0.001), NIHSS score ( OR=1.502; 95% CI: 1.373-1.631); P=0.001), neutrophil count (NEUT) ( OR=1.024; 95% CI: 1.009-1.139; P=0.001), NEUT/lymphocyte count (NLR) ( OR=1.235; 95% CI: 1.112-1.358; P=0.001), D-dimer ( OR=1.939; 95% CI: 1.328-2.551; P=0.001) was an independent risk factor for poor prognosis in patients with cardiogenic acute stroke; age ( OR=1.153; 95% CI: 1.080-1.226; P<0.001), hemorrhage transformation ( OR=6.330; 95% CI: 4.904-7.754; P=0.001), recanalization ( OR=0.418; 95% CI: 0.323-0.514; P=0.001), NIHSS score ( OR=2.051; 95% CI: 1.784-2.338; P=0.001), NEUT ( OR=1.399; 95% CI: 1.275-1.523; P=0.001), NLR ( OR=1.528; 95% CI: 1.414-1.642; P=0.001), D-dimer ( OR=2.391; 95% CI: 1.948-2.834; P=0.001) was an independent predictor of death in patients with cardiogenic acute stroke. The established nomogram model predicted poor prognosis and the area under the ROC curve of death were 0.814 (95% CI: 0.800-0.828) and 0.842 (95% CI: 0.828-0.857). Conclusions:Age, hemorrhage transformation, recanalization, NIHSS score, NEUT, NLR, and D-dimer are all important for the prognosis of patients with cardiogenic acute stroke by mechanical thrombectomy. Diabetes only has a suggestive effect on poor prognosis. The nomogram model established based on these factors can effectively help clinicians evaluate the prognosis of patients, formulate reasonable treatment plans for them, and improve the prognosis.

Objective:To evaluate the trend and hotspots of the research on cognitive frailty in China and abroad through literature visualization analysis.Methods:Literature related to cognitive frailty were retrieved from the databases of CNKI, Wanfang, VIP and Web of Science from January 1, 2013 to August 31, 2022 with"cognitive frailty""cognitive decline"and"cognitive impairment"as retrieval terms. Based on the visualization software CiteSpace and VOSviewer, the network map analysis was conducted on the number of publications, journal distribution, country distribution and cooperation, institution distribution and cooperation and research hotspots.Results:A total of 2 500 literatures were retrieved, including 151 in Chinese and 2 349 in English. The number of publications showed an increasing trend with time. Among Chinese journals, Chin J Mod Nurs published the most literature (10 articles), while BMC Geriatr published the most literature (105 articles) in English journals. The top 5 countries in the number of English literature published were the United States (608 articles), the United Kingdom (295 articles), Italy (271 articles), China (252 articles) and Canada (195 articles). The top 5 institutions in the number of Chinese literature published were Fudan University (12 articles), Capital Medical University (10 articles), Zhengzhou University (7 articles), Central South University (5 articles) and Huazhong University of Science and Technology (5 articles). The National Center For Geriatrics Gerontology in Japan published the most English articles (74 articles). A total of 22 Chinese keywords and 44 English keywords were included. The nodes of the network analysis diagram were closely connected and highly centralized. The Chinese and English keywords“cognitive frailty”“elderly”and“frailty”were all in the core position. The Chinese emergent words were“cognitive frailty”“heart failure”“chronic disease”and“risk prediction”. The English burst terms were“cognitive frailty”“questionnaire”“cohort study”“social isolation”and“prevention”. Conclusions:The research popularity in the field of cognitive frailty is increasing year by year, and the number of articles published in English is higher than those in Chinese. At present, the main research focus is cognitive frailty, the elderly and frailty with great differences between China and abroad.

Objective:To analyze and evaluate the impact of balance training on patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Methods:The randomized controlled trials of balance training in COPD patients in PubMed, Embase, Web of science, the Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database were searched. The retrieval time was from the establishment of the database to November 20, 2022. A Meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan5.3 on balance ability, exercise ability, quality of life, and balance confidence in patients with COPD.Results:A total of 432 patients were included in 7 studies. The results of the Meta-analysis showed that compared with other training, balanced training could improve the balance ability of patients [Timed Up and Go Test: mean difference ( MD)=-2.19, 95% CI (-2.86, -1.52); P<0.001, Berg Balance Scale: MD=4.02, 95% CI (0.78, 7.27); P=0.020, the Balance Evaluation Systems Test: MD=7.83, 95% CI (0.13, 15.52); P=0.050], exercise ability [Six-Minute Walk Test: standard mean difference ( SMD)=0.21, 95% CI (0.01, 0.40); P=0.040] and quality of life [COPD Assessment Test and St. George′s Respiratory Questionnaire: SMD=-0.54, 95% CI (-1.08, -0.01); P=0.050], but balance training did not effectively enhance patients′ activity balance confidence [Activities-Specific Balance Confidence Scale: MD=9.34, 95% CI (-0.98, 19.66); P=0.080]. Conclusion:Balance training can improve the balance ability, exercise ability, and quality of life of patients with COPD, but the impact on patients′ activity balance confidence needs to be further verified.