The reasonable risk-benefit ratio is one of the most significant criteria in ethical review .However , there is not a well-organized standard for risk -benefit analysis and assessment .Also the commonly used Common Rule and Duty of Personal Care Approach have their own limitations , which revoked the Component Analysis Strate-gy, unfortunately, failed again.Alex John London, as a result, tried to construct a comprehensive approach , in which he clarified reasonable riskbased on the distinction of personal interest and basic interest , as well as brought in the concept of comparator activities .Compare to the theoretical contribution of London ,A seven-step framework for risk-benefit evaluationcreated by Annette Rid and David Wendler concerns more from the practi-cal aspect .

AIM: To evaluate the effects of Beiling Capsule(cordycepic mycelium) on chronic renal failure(CRF). METHODS: 82 cases of CRF were divided into two groups randomly. 42 cases were treated with Beiling Capsule and the usual treatment, while 40 cases were only treated with the usual treatment as the control group, 2 months coustituing a single therapeutic course. RESULTS: In respect to BUN, the total efficiency of the group with Beiling Capsule was 57.1%, while the control group was 30.0%. In respect to Cr, the total efficiency of the group with Beiling Capsule was 59.5%, while the control group was 32.5%. CONCLUSION: Beiling Capsule provides protection against the progression of CRF.

Communication is very important in education.This paper combine common factors in effected educative communication with common problems in communication between teachers and students.From systemic and analyzing point of view,discuss promotion of communicative quality that contains surroundings and methods and so on.

The article,taking into account basic content of hierarchical theory of needs,human structure theory and mark theory,analyzed the idea and method of procedural education,environmental education and self-governed education for college students.

Objective Culture,expansion and characterization of pseudomyxoma peritonei cells to support foundation for the study of pseudomyxoma peritonei and drug screening.Methods Tumors from 5 cases of human pseudomyxoma peritonei were cultured by collagenase digestion.The cultured cells were then identified as tumor cells by chromosome karyotyping.The secretion of neutral mucopolysaccharide was detected by PAS staining.To simulate the tumor growth condition in vivo,3D culture was applied and the morphology of the cultured organoid was observed with HE staining,xenografts were used to test the tumorigenicity of PMP primary cells.Results The primary culture of pseudomyxoma peritonei cells was successful in all of the 5 cases.2D cultured cells were adherent,polygonal pebble-like arranged,and passed on up to 18 generations.Chromosome karyotype analysis showed that most of the cells were subdiploid karyotype tumor cells.Positive PAS staining suggests that these cells secrete mucus.The morphology of 3D cultured organoid was similar to that of tumor tissues.The tumor formation rate of xenografts was low,and the tumoris not similar to patient's PMP.Conclusions Pseudomyxoma peritonei tumor cells can be cultured and expanded in vitro.

Objective To discuss the safety and efficacy of laparoscopic modified ventrifixation for women with uterine prolapse.Methods Thirty-seven women with Ⅱ-Ⅳ degree uterine prolapse were undergent laparoscopic modified ventrifixation in the the First Hospital of Qinhuangdao and Anzhen Hospital of Beijing from January 2008 to June 2012.The midpart of a noabsorble PROLENE soft mesh was sutured to the anterior cervical fascia.Two back ends of the mesh were passed through extraperitoneal channels through ligamentum latum uteri and sutured to the abdorminal wall to fix uterus.The effect and complications were observed.Results The objective and subjective success rate were 100％ and 91.9％ respcetively at 6 months after operation.All patients were followed up for 6 to 48 months.Prolapse recurrence rate was 10.8％ (4/37).Conclusion Laparoscopic modified ventrifixation is effective,safe and mini-invasive in the treatment of uterine prolapse.The surgery may be a satisfactory procedure for women with uterine prolapse hoping for uterine preservation.

The paper centered on the background,objectives,key actions of the policy and the relationships between policy objectives and key policy actions.Further analysis went on to the three phases of policy implementation and phased achievements,as well as the opportunities and challenges of the policy.These efforts aim at supporting sustainable development of the drug supply support model and hospital reform stage of greater risks and challenges with policy recommendations in Sanming city.

BACKGROUND: Researches show that erythropoietin (EPO) can stimulate the proliferation and protraction of endothelial progenitor cells to form new vessels, so EPO may play an important role in proliferation and differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of EPO on the proliferation and cell cycle of MSCs. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: From July to November 2007, the observation of comparative cell trial was performed at the Hematologic Diseases Institute of General Hospital Lanzhou Military Area Command of Chinese PLA. MATERIALS: Bone marrow liquid specimens were provided by voluntary donors. The informed consents were obtained from all patients, and the experiment was approved by Hospital Ethics Committee. METHODS: Using Percoll solution, MSCs were isolated from bone marrow by the method of density centrifugation. Flow cytometry was applied to detect the cell cycles of the second and third passages. MSCs were incubated with different doses of EPO (0.25, 0.50, 1.00, 2.00, 5.00 U/mL) in serum free culture media, and cells cultured with no EPO were regarded as control. All cells were cultured for 24, 48, and 72 hours. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ①Proliferation of MSCs was measured by MTT assays after 24, 48, and 72 hours; ②Cell cycle was measured by flow cytometry assays after incubated with 10 U/mL EPO for 72 hours. RESULTS: After MSCs was incubated with EPO, the cell proliferation index was significantly increased in a dose and time dependent manner. The effects on the proliferation of MSCs were highest in 5 U/mL group. Compared with the control group, EPO could significantly decrease G0 /G1 ratio, and increase S and G2/M stage ratio (P

Objective To investigate the effect of muscle fatigue on linear and nonlinear dynamics of sEMG from biceps brachii during maximal voluntary isometric contractions.Method Ten young volunteers subjects performed non-fatiguing isometric contractions with four load levels and fatiguing maximal voluntary isometric contractions.Linear and nonlinear analysis were used to examine the sEMG signals and the changes of sEMG signals when MVC decreased to levels of 80% MVC,70% MVC,60%MVC and 50%MVC compared with the signals of sEMG during non-fatiguing contractions.Result Statistical analyses revealed that AEMG and %DET were significantly higher at fatigue states than those at non fatigue states,while MPF and C(n)were significantly lower than those at non fatigue states.With the development of muscle fatigue,MPF and %DET significantly decreased during maximal effort,while AEMG and %DET stayed stable.The interaction of load level and fatigue state for AEMG,MPF and C(n)were significant.Conclusion MPF and C(n)significantly decrease during maximal voluntary isometric contractions.sEMG dynamics between fatigue state and non-fatigue state is significantly different.

As human subject protection become more and more significant in China,it' s imperative for China to learn more experiences from U.S for which developed a normative and well designed HRPP system during past decades.In this article,we gave a brief introduction of the Human Subject Protection Program at Duke University to help us have a better understanding of the HRPP at institutional level.After which we have further discussion of the status quo and challenges facing in HRPP construction in China,especially,Peking University as an example.