Objective The aim of the present study is to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Mandarin version of the PP (MPP) .Methods The first step in the establishment was to translate the original English version into mandarin version with the method of cross -culture translation .The reliability was performed with the internal consistency analysis and test -retest reliability .The validity was performed for the content validity and structure va-lidity .The samples were from 80 Chinese CI children ,and 43 parents answered this questionnaire again 1 month lat-er to evaluate the test -retest reliability .The average age at cochlear implantation were 26 ± 14 months ,ranging from 7 months to 68 months ,the average duration of CI use were 10 ± 7 months ,ranging from 0 month to 24 months .Results The reliability analysis indicates that the Cronbach'sαcoefficient was 0 .797 ,except for the well-being and happiness ,education ,whose coefficients are respectively 0 .303 ,and 0 .341 ,all of the other sundomainscoefficient were greater than 0 .5 ,indicating the internal consistency was good .Test -retest reliability of the scale Cronbach'sαwas satisfactory .All subdomains and total score of the scale coefficients were greater than 0 .70(P<0 .01) .The validity analysis indicated that the pearson correlation coefficients among the total scale and the 8 subdo-mains were 0 .395~0 .992 ,the correlation coefficients among each subdomains were 0 .09~0 .654 ,which confirmed with the psychological characteristics ,proving its good structure validity .Conclusion The Chinese version of the PP show s good reliability and validity and can be used to evaluation the quality of life in mandarin CI children.

Objective To study the effect of human homologue of polycomb 2 (HPC2) on the growth of cervical cancer cells siha and the regulation of E7 gene.Methods HPC2 and E7 genes of siha cells were silenced by siRNAs respectively.Detected the expression of HPC2 gene and protein in siha cell lines after E7 gene silencing,cell proliferation activity and the rate of cell apoptosis.Results The expressions of HPC2 mRNA and protein were decreased in siha cells with E7 gene silencing,cell proliferation was inhibited,and apoptosis was increased,which was similar to HPC2 gene silencing.Conclusion HPC2 may be involved in the regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis,and its expression may be closely related to E7 gene in SiHa cells.

A large number of studies have confirmed that endothelial dysfunction is one of the important pathogenesis of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD). Endothelial dysfunction interacts with blood-brain barrier dysfunction, chronic cerebral hypoperfusion, oxidative stress, inflammation and other mechanisms to jointly promote the occurrence and development of CSVD. This article reviews the role of endothelial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of CSVD and its intervention strategies.

Pericytes are located between capillary endothelial cells, astrocytes and neurons. They have many functions such as maintaining the integrity of blood-brain barrier and regulating cerebral blood flow. Loss of pericytes can lead to pathological processes such as brain microcirculation dysfunction and blood-brain barrier destruction, and is associated with a variety of diseases, but there are few studies on the correlation between them and cerebral small vessel disease. This article mainly reviews the role of pericytes in the pathogenesis of cerebral small vessel disease.

OBJECTIVETo assess the efficacy of sacral neuromodulation (SNM) in patients with intractable constipation.

METHODSA total of 7 patients with intractable constipation were treated with pereutaneous test stimulation of the S3 nerve root and were assessed by sacral never stimulation system in our department from January 2013 to January 2014. Four of these 7 patients received operation for constipation before. The efficacy was assessed by bowel habit diary, clinic constipation scores, subjective questionnaire and clinical signs.

RESULTSThe constipation symptoms were improved significantly in all the 7 patients. The frequency and volume of defecation per week were increased obviously, and the average urine was increased. Six patients underwent permanent implantation of the SNS system. After a median 4 months follow-up, the defecation frequency increased from 0.6 ± 0.5 to 8.0 ± 2.5 per week (P<0.01), and the defecation time decreased from (22.9 ± 11.5) to (3.7 ± 0.8) min (P<0.01). The Cleveland clinic constipation score decreased from 24.6 ± 4.2 to 9.0 ± 0.9 (P<0.01), and the visual analogue scale(VAS) score increased from 8.1 ± 0.9 to 82.5 ± 5.2 (P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONSNM is a clinically efficacious, minimally invasive and safe new technique, which offers an alternative treatment for the patients with intractable constipation resistant to conservative treatment, especially for the patients refractory to traditional operations.

Constipation ; therapy ; Defecation ; Electric Stimulation Therapy ; Humans ; Sacrum ; Treatment Outcome