Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects of intravenous gammaglobulin (IVIG) on septicemia in premature infants.Methods The level of sero-IgG was observed in 20 septicemic premature infants before and after IVIG treatment,compared with those of 20 cases without IVIG treatment as controls.Results After IVIG treatment,the level of sero-IgG was remarkably higher than those before IVIG treatment and controls.Conclusion It is suggested that IVIG is safe and effective for treatment of septicemia in premature infants.

Objective To study the median effective doses (ED50) of dexmedetomidine to induce adequate sedation in elderly patients undergoing epidural anaesthesia. Methods Seventy-five elderly patients undergoing lower extremity operation under epidural anesthesia were selected, and the patients were divided into 5 groups according to the random digits table method with 15 cases each: D1 group (dexmedetomidine 0.2 μg/kg), D2 group (dexmedetomidine 0.4 μg/kg), D3 group (dexmedetomidine 0.6 μg/kg), D4 group (dexmedetomidine 0.8μg/kg) and D5 group (dexmedetomidine 1.0μg/kg). After 20 min of dexmedetomidine injection, adequate sedation was defines as observer′s assessment of alertness/sedation score (OAA/S score) ≤ 3 scores. The ED50 and 95% effective dose (ED95) of dexmedetomidine and 95% CI in elderly patients undergoing epidural anaesthesia were calculated by probit regression method. The changes of mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate, pulse oxygen saturation (SpO2) and OAA/S score among 5 groups were compared. The incidences of adverse effects such as hypotension, bradycardia, hypoxemia and excessive sedation were compared. Results The ED50 in elderly patients was 0.36 μg/kg (95% CI 0.27 - 0.44 μg/kg); the ED95 was 0.94 μg/kg (95% CI 0.71 - 1.62 μg/kg). After dexmedetomidine injection, the MBP, heart rate, SpO2 and OAA/S scores in 5 groups were decreased, but in the D4 group and D5 group the decreases were more significant. The incidences of hypotension, bradycardia and excessive sedation in D1 group, D2 group and D3 group were significantly lower than those in D4 group and D5 group:2/15, 5/15 and 8/15 vs. 14/15 and 15/15;1/15, 6/15, 7/15 vs. 13/15 and 14/15;0, 0 and 1/15 vs. 5/15 and 7/15, the incidences of hypoxemia in D1 group, D2 group and D3 group were significantly lower than those in D5 group: 0, 0 and 0 vs. 3/15 and 4/15, and there were statistical differences (P<0.05). There were no statistical differences in incidences of adverse effects between D4 group and D5 group (P>0.05). Conclusions The ED50 of dexmedetomidine in elderly patients undergoing epidural anaesthesia is 0.36μg/kg, (CI 0.27-0.44μg/kg). The incidences of adverse effects are increased when single-dose dexmedetomidine is more than 0.8μg/kg.

BACKGROUND: Chinese herb tuber fleeceflower root can enhance learning and memory ability and anti-cerebral ischemia ability in rats,while 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside,the main effective component of tuber fleeceflower root,has very strong brain-protecting ef fects such as anti-oxidation and anti-aging.OBJECTIVE: To observe the amelioration of learning and memory dis order after administration of 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-3-D-glucoside in mice with learning and memory disorder caused by scopolamine.DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial.SETTING: Institute of Pharmacology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital University of Medical Sciences.MATERIALS: The experiment was conducted in the Institute of Pharmacology,Xuanwu Hospital of Capital University of Medical Sciences,be tween February 2000 and May 2000.Totally 50 male Kunming mice were recruited and randomized into 5 groups: normal control group, model group,positive control group, 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside 0.03 g/kg group (low-dose group), and 2,3,5,4 '-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β- D-glucoside 0.1 g/kg group(high-dose group).2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystil bene-2-O-β-D-glucoside was an effective component extracted from Chinese herb tuber fleeceflower root in the Department of Pharmacology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital University of Medical Sciences.Piracetam was the positive control drug.Morris water maze and passive avoidance reflex box were made in the Institute of Materia Medica, the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences.METHODS:Administration was given 5 days before experiment.Tap water was intragastrically grven into the mice in normal group and model group. Piracetam of 0.7 g/(kg.d) was given to the mice in positive control group and 0.03 g/kg of 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside was given to small-dose group and 0.1 g/kg to large-dose group for 5 consecutive days.Model establishment started 30 minutes after adminis tration in each group on day 6. The same volume of normal saline was in traperitoneally injected into the mice in normal control group and 1 mg/kg of scopolamine was intraperitoneally injected into mice in the other groups.Morris water maze and passive avoidance tests were carried out 20 minters later.Injection dose of model establishment of Morris water maze was 1 mg/kg and that of passive avoidance test was 10 mg/kg.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:① Searching distance and time of mice in Morris water maze in each group.② Latency and entry-times of mice in passive avoidance test in each group.RESULTS:All the 50 mice were recruited in the experiment,and 49 of them entered the result analysis,1 mouse in model group died because of intraperitoneal hemorrhage when scopolamine was injected.① Results of Morris water maze test: Searching time and distance were significantly shortened in large-dose group as compared to those in model group[(77.814± 46.492), (99.319± 38.104)s; (1 370.914± 917.40), (1 808.77± 869.36)cm; P all ＜ 0.05]. ② Results of passive avoidance test: The number of en try times in small-dose group and large-dose group was significantly de creased compared with that in model group [(0.00± 0.00), (0.00± 0.00),(0.8571± 2.267) times, P ＜ 0.01], and the latency had an extended tenden cy [(300± 0.00), (300± 0.00), (269.71± 80.128) s ].CONCLUSION: 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside given to mice with learning and memory disorder induced by scopolamine can shorten the searching time and distance in Morris water maze and reduce the number of mistake-making times in passive avoidance test. It suggests that it has ameliorative effects on learning and memory disorder.

Objective To investigate the prognostic effects of continuous renal replacement therapy on multiple organ dysfunction complicated with acute kidney injury.Methods Fifty nine patients who were diagnosed with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) complicated with acute kidney injury (AKI) and underwent continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) were selected and grouped according to the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) staging.Their clinical data before CRRT were collected.The patients were grouped according to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) prognosis,namely death and survival.The differences between two groups were analyzed.The multinomial logistic regression analysis was performed to explore the prognostic factors.Results With the increase of KDIGO stage,the Acute Physiology And Chronic Health Evaluation Ⅱ (APACHEII) score,Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score,the need for vasoactive drugs,and the number of cases with oliguria and ICU mortality rates showed an increasing trend,and those differences were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).After multivariate analysis,KDIGO Ⅲ stage,the number of failed organs,oliguria,and the mean daily fluid balance were independent risk factors of death in patients who were diagnosed with MODS complicated with AKI and underwent CRRT.Conclusions The KDIGO classification plays an important role in predicting the prognosis of patients with MODS complicated with AKI in need of CRRT.The number of failed organs,oliguria,and the mean daily fluid balance are also the risk factors for prognosis.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of 2,3,5,4'—tetrahydroxystilbene—2—O—?—D—glucoside(TSG) on the learning and memory ability of mouse dementia models induced by scopolamine METHODS:Mice were randomly divided into blank group,model group,TSG groups(low dose,high dose) and positive control(Piracitam) group All the mouse were intragastrically administrated by drugs After making model,all mice were subjected to Morris water maze and passive avoidance tests RESULTS:Compared with model group,swimming time were significantly reduced in the blank group,positive control group and high dose of TSG group during Morris water maze test (P

Objective To establish normal reference ranges for serum cystatin C (Cys C)in relatively healthy middle-aged and elderly(＞50 years)Chinese individuals.Methods A total of 1087 candidates were consecutively selected and serum Cys-C levels were measured by transmission turbidimetry.Frequency analysis and histogram were used to establish the 95％ confidence reference range according to methods provided by CLSI (C28-A2).Results Based on the definition and verification procedures for clinical laboratory reference ranges(CLSI C28-A2,second edition),Cys-C levels of 1087 participants fell within the range of 0.30-1.55 mg/L;Male participants had higher serum Cys-C levels than female participants(Z=-10.19,P＜0.01).The serum Cys-C level increased with age,regardless of gender(R =0.600,P＜ 0.01).Differences in Cys-C levels between age groups were statistically significant (x2=411.17,P＜ 0.01).The reference ranges of normal serum Cys-C levels for different age groups (50-,55-,60-,65-,70-,75-,) were 0.42-0.98mg/L,0.45-1.04mg/L,0.47-1.34mg/L,0.46-1.38mg/L,0.61-1.33mg/L,0.61-1.28 mg/L,respectively,for males,and 0.39-0.94mg/L,0.42-1.01mg/L,0.40-0.91mg/L,0.46-1.03mg/L,0.57-1.04mg/L,0.55-1.27mg/L,respectively,for females.Conclusions This study established preliminary normal serum Cys-C reference ranges for healthy middle-aged and elderly(＞ 50 years)individuals in this region,which can serve as parameters for disease diagnosis and treatment evaluation.

OBJECTIVE: To study the tongue tissue blood oxygen saturation measurement for evaluating tongue manifestation of blood stasis syndrome, and to explore its correlation with blood rheological disorder in a rat model of acute transient brain ischemia. METHODS: Twenty-eight SD rats were randomly divided into sham-operated group and ischemia group. Middle cerebral artery occlusion was induced by thread in rats of the ischemia group. Tongue tissue blood oxygen saturation, neurological severity score and the changes of blood viscosity, red blood cell deformity, thrombin time and fibrinogen in the rats were measured after 24-hour reperfusion. RESULTS: Blood viscosity and the content of fibrinogen in the ischemia group were significantly higher than those in the sham-operated group. Red blood cell deformity, thrombin time and tongue tissue blood oxygen saturation in the ischemia group were decreased as compared with the sham-operated group. There was a positive correlation between red blood cell deformity and tongue tissue blood oxygen saturation. CONCLUSION: Tongue tissue blood oxygen saturation is a good measurement for evaluating blood stasis in a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia, and this model can be used as a rat model of stroke with blood stasis syndrome.

Objeetive To explore the differentiation of B lymphocytes and expression of B7-related protein-1 (B7RP-1)on B lymphocytes in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE).Methods Three-color immunofluorescent staining and flow cytometric assay were used to analyze the frequency of three types of B lymphocytes,I.e.,plasma cells,memory B lyphocytes and naive B lymphocytes,as well as the expression of B7RP-1 on these cells in peripheral blood from 23 patients with SLE and 16 normal human controls.Clinical data of these patients with SLE were collected.and SLE disease activi index(SLEDAI)was also evaluated.The relationship was assessed between the expression of B7RP-1 and SLEDAI.Results The frequency of plasma cells was highest in patients with active SLE.followed by patients with inactive SLE and normal human controls(P＜0.01).A significant decrease was observed in the frequency of memory B lymphocytes in patients with active SLE compared with normal controls (P＜0.01),but no significant difference was found between patients with inactive SLE and those with active SLE(P＞0.05).Regarding the frequency of naive B lymphocytes,there was no significant difierence among the three groups.Increased frequency of plasma cells was also noted in patients with lupus nephritis(LN)compared with those without LN [(6.15±3.12)%vs(3.31±1.41)%,P＜0.05 ],but no significant difierence was found with regard to the frequency of memory or naive B lymphocytes between these two groups.The expression rate Of B7RP-1 was significantly lower on total lymphocytes from patients with SLE than from normal human controls (46.51%vs 63.75%,P＜0.05),which was the case with B7RP-1 on plasma cells,memory B lyphocytes and naive B lymphocytes (all P＜0.01),whereas no significant difierence was found between patients with inactive SLE and active SLE or between patients with and without LN.In addition.no correlation was found between the expression of B7RP-1 and SLEDAI(r=0.035,P＞0.05).Conclusions In peripheral blood of patients with SLE,the frequency of plasma cells is increased,while the expression of B7RP-1 on lymphocytes is decreased,which may be relevant to the pathogenesis of SLE.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of lumbar-sacurm-iliac screws fixation in the treatment of complicated sacral fractures.Methods From January 2012 to October 2012,18 complicated sacrum fracture patients with unstable pelvic fractures and cauda equina dysfunctionwere retrospectively studied,which Gibbons score were all 4 points.Surgical treatment was performed by posterior lumbar-sacurm-iliac screw fixation combined with sacral decompression.The fixation stage can be extended to L4,S2 level by fracture.According to the patient's nerve injury and fracture displacement surgery sacral decompression and observation of nerve root injury.Ater full decompression,correct the vertical displacement and rotate the displacement,and then place the cross further fixed.The first 3 months after surgery,the patient reviewed once a month,3 months after the patient review once every six months.Results 18 patients underwent surgery for 2-21 d after injury,with an average of 10.2 d.The operation time is 150-240 min,an average of 180 min.Intraoperative blood loss of 600-2 000ml,an average of 1 100ml.The time of follow-up was 13-34 months,with an average of 23.4 months.Gibbons score averaged 4 points from preoperative to 2.78 points,the difference was statistically significant.Preoperative patients with an average angle of 42.89,postoperative 21.94,the difference was statistically significant.Postoperative Majeed scores averaged 64.5 points.Excellent in 3 cases,good in 3 cases,can be 7 cases,poor in 5 cases,excellent rate was 33.33％.Preoperative visual analogue scale (VAS) score averaged from 8.78 points before surgery to 2.22 points,this difference was statistically significant.The results of Tometta and Matto method were excellent in 5 cases,3 cases were good,7 cases were available,5 cases were poor,excellent and good rate was 44.44％.Conclusion Lumbarsacurm-iliac screw fixation in the treatment of complex sacral fractures can achieve a good reduction of fracture and attain satisfied nerve decompression,and more conducive to oatients faster and better recovery.

Objective To observe effects of four extracts (water, n-butanol, acetoacetate and petro-leum benzine extracts) from Hippocampus japonicus on kidney-yang deficiency mice induced by extradiol, and reveal the modern scientific connotation about sweet-flavor, warm-nature, meridian tropism in liver and kidney. Methods Kidney-yang deficiency mice was induced by intraperitoneal injection of estradiol benzoate. Effects of four extracts from H. japonicus were observed by measuring physical signs, rectal temperature, grip strength, swimming time, autonomic mobility, creatinine (Cr) and urea (UR) level in serum, haematological indexes, testis index and seminal vesicle index. Results All the four extracts from H. japonicus could markedly improve physical signs and increase seminal vesicle index, RBC, Hb and PLT in blood, and decrease UR level in serum of kidney-yang deficiency mice, water extract and petoleum benzine extract could increase rectal temperature, grip strength, swimming time, autonomic mobility, testis index, WBC, lymphocyte (LY), monocyte (MO), and neutrophilic granulocyte (NE), n-butanol extract could increase autonomic mobility and NE, acetoacetate extract could enhance grip strength and prolong swimming time. Conclusion All above effects of extracts from H. japonicus could be as the basic of improving kidney-yang deficiency, could be an important part of the modern scientific connotation about sweet-flavor, warm-nature, meridian tropism in liver and kidney. Effects of water extract and petroleum ether extract were closer and stronger, which offer enlightenment for searching the common effective substance groups of H. japoniacs.