Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects of intravenous gammaglobulin (IVIG) on septicemia in premature infants.Methods The level of sero-IgG was observed in 20 septicemic premature infants before and after IVIG treatment,compared with those of 20 cases without IVIG treatment as controls.Results After IVIG treatment,the level of sero-IgG was remarkably higher than those before IVIG treatment and controls.Conclusion It is suggested that IVIG is safe and effective for treatment of septicemia in premature infants.

Objective To study the median effective doses (ED50) of dexmedetomidine to induce adequate sedation in elderly patients undergoing epidural anaesthesia. Methods Seventy-five elderly patients undergoing lower extremity operation under epidural anesthesia were selected, and the patients were divided into 5 groups according to the random digits table method with 15 cases each: D1 group (dexmedetomidine 0.2 μg/kg), D2 group (dexmedetomidine 0.4 μg/kg), D3 group (dexmedetomidine 0.6 μg/kg), D4 group (dexmedetomidine 0.8μg/kg) and D5 group (dexmedetomidine 1.0μg/kg). After 20 min of dexmedetomidine injection, adequate sedation was defines as observer′s assessment of alertness/sedation score (OAA/S score) ≤ 3 scores. The ED50 and 95% effective dose (ED95) of dexmedetomidine and 95% CI in elderly patients undergoing epidural anaesthesia were calculated by probit regression method. The changes of mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate, pulse oxygen saturation (SpO2) and OAA/S score among 5 groups were compared. The incidences of adverse effects such as hypotension, bradycardia, hypoxemia and excessive sedation were compared. Results The ED50 in elderly patients was 0.36 μg/kg (95% CI 0.27 - 0.44 μg/kg); the ED95 was 0.94 μg/kg (95% CI 0.71 - 1.62 μg/kg). After dexmedetomidine injection, the MBP, heart rate, SpO2 and OAA/S scores in 5 groups were decreased, but in the D4 group and D5 group the decreases were more significant. The incidences of hypotension, bradycardia and excessive sedation in D1 group, D2 group and D3 group were significantly lower than those in D4 group and D5 group:2/15, 5/15 and 8/15 vs. 14/15 and 15/15;1/15, 6/15, 7/15 vs. 13/15 and 14/15;0, 0 and 1/15 vs. 5/15 and 7/15, the incidences of hypoxemia in D1 group, D2 group and D3 group were significantly lower than those in D5 group: 0, 0 and 0 vs. 3/15 and 4/15, and there were statistical differences (P<0.05). There were no statistical differences in incidences of adverse effects between D4 group and D5 group (P>0.05). Conclusions The ED50 of dexmedetomidine in elderly patients undergoing epidural anaesthesia is 0.36μg/kg, (CI 0.27-0.44μg/kg). The incidences of adverse effects are increased when single-dose dexmedetomidine is more than 0.8μg/kg.

BACKGROUND: Chinese herb tuber fleeceflower root can enhance learning and memory ability and anti-cerebral ischemia ability in rats,while 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside,the main effective component of tuber fleeceflower root,has very strong brain-protecting ef fects such as anti-oxidation and anti-aging.OBJECTIVE: To observe the amelioration of learning and memory dis order after administration of 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-3-D-glucoside in mice with learning and memory disorder caused by scopolamine.DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial.SETTING: Institute of Pharmacology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital University of Medical Sciences.MATERIALS: The experiment was conducted in the Institute of Pharmacology,Xuanwu Hospital of Capital University of Medical Sciences,be tween February 2000 and May 2000.Totally 50 male Kunming mice were recruited and randomized into 5 groups: normal control group, model group,positive control group, 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside 0.03 g/kg group (low-dose group), and 2,3,5,4 '-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β- D-glucoside 0.1 g/kg group(high-dose group).2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystil bene-2-O-β-D-glucoside was an effective component extracted from Chinese herb tuber fleeceflower root in the Department of Pharmacology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital University of Medical Sciences.Piracetam was the positive control drug.Morris water maze and passive avoidance reflex box were made in the Institute of Materia Medica, the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences.METHODS:Administration was given 5 days before experiment.Tap water was intragastrically grven into the mice in normal group and model group. Piracetam of 0.7 g/(kg.d) was given to the mice in positive control group and 0.03 g/kg of 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside was given to small-dose group and 0.1 g/kg to large-dose group for 5 consecutive days.Model establishment started 30 minutes after adminis tration in each group on day 6. The same volume of normal saline was in traperitoneally injected into the mice in normal control group and 1 mg/kg of scopolamine was intraperitoneally injected into mice in the other groups.Morris water maze and passive avoidance tests were carried out 20 minters later.Injection dose of model establishment of Morris water maze was 1 mg/kg and that of passive avoidance test was 10 mg/kg.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:① Searching distance and time of mice in Morris water maze in each group.② Latency and entry-times of mice in passive avoidance test in each group.RESULTS:All the 50 mice were recruited in the experiment,and 49 of them entered the result analysis,1 mouse in model group died because of intraperitoneal hemorrhage when scopolamine was injected.① Results of Morris water maze test: Searching time and distance were significantly shortened in large-dose group as compared to those in model group[(77.814± 46.492), (99.319± 38.104)s; (1 370.914± 917.40), (1 808.77± 869.36)cm; P all ＜ 0.05]. ② Results of passive avoidance test: The number of en try times in small-dose group and large-dose group was significantly de creased compared with that in model group [(0.00± 0.00), (0.00± 0.00),(0.8571± 2.267) times, P ＜ 0.01], and the latency had an extended tenden cy [(300± 0.00), (300± 0.00), (269.71± 80.128) s ].CONCLUSION: 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside given to mice with learning and memory disorder induced by scopolamine can shorten the searching time and distance in Morris water maze and reduce the number of mistake-making times in passive avoidance test. It suggests that it has ameliorative effects on learning and memory disorder.

Objective To investigate the prognostic effects of continuous renal replacement therapy on multiple organ dysfunction complicated with acute kidney injury.Methods Fifty nine patients who were diagnosed with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) complicated with acute kidney injury (AKI) and underwent continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) were selected and grouped according to the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) staging.Their clinical data before CRRT were collected.The patients were grouped according to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) prognosis,namely death and survival.The differences between two groups were analyzed.The multinomial logistic regression analysis was performed to explore the prognostic factors.Results With the increase of KDIGO stage,the Acute Physiology And Chronic Health Evaluation Ⅱ (APACHEII) score,Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score,the need for vasoactive drugs,and the number of cases with oliguria and ICU mortality rates showed an increasing trend,and those differences were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).After multivariate analysis,KDIGO Ⅲ stage,the number of failed organs,oliguria,and the mean daily fluid balance were independent risk factors of death in patients who were diagnosed with MODS complicated with AKI and underwent CRRT.Conclusions The KDIGO classification plays an important role in predicting the prognosis of patients with MODS complicated with AKI in need of CRRT.The number of failed organs,oliguria,and the mean daily fluid balance are also the risk factors for prognosis.

Objective To establish normal reference ranges for serum cystatin C (Cys C)in relatively healthy middle-aged and elderly(＞50 years)Chinese individuals.Methods A total of 1087 candidates were consecutively selected and serum Cys-C levels were measured by transmission turbidimetry.Frequency analysis and histogram were used to establish the 95％ confidence reference range according to methods provided by CLSI (C28-A2).Results Based on the definition and verification procedures for clinical laboratory reference ranges(CLSI C28-A2,second edition),Cys-C levels of 1087 participants fell within the range of 0.30-1.55 mg/L;Male participants had higher serum Cys-C levels than female participants(Z=-10.19,P＜0.01).The serum Cys-C level increased with age,regardless of gender(R =0.600,P＜ 0.01).Differences in Cys-C levels between age groups were statistically significant (x2=411.17,P＜ 0.01).The reference ranges of normal serum Cys-C levels for different age groups (50-,55-,60-,65-,70-,75-,) were 0.42-0.98mg/L,0.45-1.04mg/L,0.47-1.34mg/L,0.46-1.38mg/L,0.61-1.33mg/L,0.61-1.28 mg/L,respectively,for males,and 0.39-0.94mg/L,0.42-1.01mg/L,0.40-0.91mg/L,0.46-1.03mg/L,0.57-1.04mg/L,0.55-1.27mg/L,respectively,for females.Conclusions This study established preliminary normal serum Cys-C reference ranges for healthy middle-aged and elderly(＞ 50 years)individuals in this region,which can serve as parameters for disease diagnosis and treatment evaluation.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of 2,3,5,4'—tetrahydroxystilbene—2—O—?—D—glucoside(TSG) on the learning and memory ability of mouse dementia models induced by scopolamine METHODS:Mice were randomly divided into blank group,model group,TSG groups(low dose,high dose) and positive control(Piracitam) group All the mouse were intragastrically administrated by drugs After making model,all mice were subjected to Morris water maze and passive avoidance tests RESULTS:Compared with model group,swimming time were significantly reduced in the blank group,positive control group and high dose of TSG group during Morris water maze test (P

OBJECTIVE: To study the tongue tissue blood oxygen saturation measurement for evaluating tongue manifestation of blood stasis syndrome, and to explore its correlation with blood rheological disorder in a rat model of acute transient brain ischemia. METHODS: Twenty-eight SD rats were randomly divided into sham-operated group and ischemia group. Middle cerebral artery occlusion was induced by thread in rats of the ischemia group. Tongue tissue blood oxygen saturation, neurological severity score and the changes of blood viscosity, red blood cell deformity, thrombin time and fibrinogen in the rats were measured after 24-hour reperfusion. RESULTS: Blood viscosity and the content of fibrinogen in the ischemia group were significantly higher than those in the sham-operated group. Red blood cell deformity, thrombin time and tongue tissue blood oxygen saturation in the ischemia group were decreased as compared with the sham-operated group. There was a positive correlation between red blood cell deformity and tongue tissue blood oxygen saturation. CONCLUSION: Tongue tissue blood oxygen saturation is a good measurement for evaluating blood stasis in a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia, and this model can be used as a rat model of stroke with blood stasis syndrome.

[ABSTRACT]OBJECTIVETo study the mRNA expression of glucocorticoid receptor(GR) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS) and its clinical significance. METHODSReal-time fluorescent quantitative PCR was used to detect GRα mRNA and GRβ mRNA exprssion in PBMC of 30 male patients with moderate to severe OSAHS and 27 healthy male subjects. The relationships between the expression of glucocorticoid receptor mRNA and the apnea hypopnea index, body mass index, neck circumference, waist circumference, the lowest oxygen saturation, the average oxygen saturation, the Epworth sleepiness scale(ESS) score, fasting blood glucose, heart rate and blood pressure were analyzed.RESULTSCompared with the control group, the expression level of GRα mRNA was lower in the OSAHS group(t=2.25,P<0.05) and the expression level of GRβmRNA had no difference between the two groups(t=1.43, P>0.05). We had not found the significant correlation between the expression of GRα mRNA and the clinical parameters above in OSAHS patients.CONCLUSIONThe expression of GRα mRNA in PBMC in moderate to severe OSAHS male patients have a downward trend compared with healthy group, but the mechanism remains unclear.

The three-in-one immunoaffinity column ( IAC ) for the determination of aflatoxin B1 ( AFB1 )-zearalenone (ZEN)-deoxynivalenol (DON) was prepared with rProtein A-sepharose 4B as the column matrix. The comprehensive performance ( such as nonspecific adsorption, column blank, column capacity, column efficiency and sample standard addition recovery rate) was evaluated and investigated. The results showed that, the column capacities of AFB1 , ZEN, DON were 295 ng per 0. 25 mL gel, 905 ng per 0. 25 mL gel, 2342 ng per 0. 25 mL gel, respectively, and the column blank was 0. The average recoveries of AFB1 , ZEN and DON were 97. 4%, 98. 0% and 98. 4%, respectively. By optimizing conditions, the samples were extracted using the mixture of methanol and water (80:20, V/V), and diluted with phosphate buffered saline (contain 0. 1% Tween-20, PBST). The detection results of FAPAS (Food Analysis Performance Assessment Scheme) by different batch three-in-one columns were close to the target value. The prepared three-in-one immunoaffinity column which could take the place of conventional single immunoaffinity column was able to meet the requirement for treatment of food and feed samples, and lay a foundation for one step enrichment, purification and detection of multi-mycotoxins.

OBJECTIVE:To study the effects of taurine on oxidative stress and calcium overload induced by cerebral cortex contusion.METHODS:SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group,brain contusion model group,taurine groups(high dose,middle dose and low dose respectively),and nimodipine group.After being fed with corresponding drugs for7days,all rats were subjected to modeling by brain contusion.For intracellular calcium detection,rats were sacrificed2h after modeling,and the brain slices were prepared to fluorescence labeling and confocal microscopy detection.For the detection of oxidative stress,rats were sacrificed24h after modeling,the cortex of contusion side was homogenated and then the activity of superoxide dis?mutase(SOD)and content of malondialdehyde(MDA)were detected through biochemical method.RESULTS:Compared with model group,all taurine groups were shown to have markedly less MDA and intracellular calcium content,and the high dose group had markedly stronger SOD activity.CONCLUSION:Taurine is effective in counteracting the oxidative stress and calcium overload caused by brain contusion.