Objective To study the effect of seven sevoflurane or propofol combined with remifentanil anesthesia on patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery.Methods In Taizhou Tumor Hospital from January 2015 to December 2016 were 100 cases of patients with laparoscopic surgery as the research object in the course of the study, were randomly divided into control group and experimental group two were 50 cases each.Patients in the control group were treated with propofol and remifentanil anesthesia.The experimental group was given seven sevoflurane and remifentanil anesthesia.Comparative analysis of the experimental group and the control group of patients with anesthesia effect.Results After the corresponding anesthesia, patients in the experimental group extubation time, recovery time was significantly better than the control group, with statistical difference(P<0.05).In the experimental group, 15 minutes after extubation, the Steward recovery score was(5.04±0.65), while the control group score was(4.12±0.54).Can be obtained, the quality of patients' recovery was significantly higher than that of the control group, with statistical difference(P<0.05).The cognitive function scores of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group after extubation(2 h), and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion Compared with propofol remifentanil anesthesia, seven sevoflurane remifentanil anesthesia effect is good, can improve the patient's recovery quality, to help with the recovery of cognitive function, with further clinical promotion and application significance.

Objective To study the effect of different doses of dexmedetomidine combined with propofol and remifentanil in patients undergoing abdominal surgery. Methods 200 cases of abdominal operation in our hospital from January 2015 to August 2016 were selected as the subjects, and were randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group, with 100 patients in each group. Patients in the control group received 0.4μg/kg, dexmedetomidine hydrochloride injection combined with propofol and remifentanil anesthesia, and the experimental group received 0.8μg/kg, Dexmedetomidine Hydrochloride Injection anesthesia. The adverse reactions, extubation time and recovery time of the experimental group and the control group were compared and analyzed. Results After the corresponding dose of dexmedetomidine, the patients in the experimental group were 6 cases of nausea and vomiting, 7 patients with chills, 13 cases of adverse reactions, the total incidence was 13%. In the control group, shivering occurred in 23 cases, nausea and vomiting occurred in 12 patients, and the number of adverse reactions in 35 cases, the incidence of adverse reactions was 35%. The probability of adverse reactions in the control group was significantly higher than that in the control group, with statistical difference (P<0.05). The recovery time and extubation time of the experimental group were significantly lower than those of the control group, with statistical difference (P<0.05). Conclusion 0.8μg / kg dexmedetomidine hydrochloride Iinjection combined with propofol and remifentanil anesthesia in abdominal surgery is better anesthesia effect, can significantly shorten the time of patients with tube drawing, high safety, reduce the pain and risk of surgery patients has clinical significance in the further promotion and application.

Cerenkov luminescence imaging (CLI) is a new method of optical molecular imaging,which has been successfully applied in early clinical trials.However,weak signal intensity and limited ability in tissue penetration have impeded its clinical application.Cerenkov radiation energy transfer imaging and radiation excitation fluorescence imaging were adopted to solve these problems by enabling transformation of some of the blue-weighted Cerenkov luminescence (CL) spectra to red-shifted emissions,or by exciting rare earth particles to emit visible and near infrared light.This article reviews the development of Cerenkov signal enhancement by fluorescence excitation effect.

Fluorescence molecular imaging technology ( FMIT) has been developing rapidly in re?cent years. Following the development of fluorescent probes specifically targeted for gastric cancer, the signal to noise ratio has been improved in preclinical study. By combing with endoscopic technology, a new ima?ging modality called fluorescence endoscopy has been established and it is useful for the detection of gastric cancer in preclinical study. FMIT might be a promising modality in the clinical diagnosis of gastric cancer. This review summarizes the application of FMIT in preclinical studies of gastric cancer.

Objective To explore the feasibility of high?resolution micro?endoscopy for diagnosis of gastric cancer. Methods A retrospective analysis of HRME pictures of gross specimen of gastric carcinoma of 20 cases of gastric cancer and normal gastric mucosa was made. Picture characteristics were studied and the HRME diagnostic criteria for normal gastric mucosa and gastric cancer tissues were developed. Based on the diagnostic criteria, a prospective study on gastric biopsy specimens of 64 cases of suspected gastric carci?noma was conducted and the diagnostic value of HRME for gastric carcinoma was evaluated by comparing HRME pre?diagnostic results with pathological findings. Results In the superficial layer of the fundic muco?sa, numerous regularly branched arranged glands as well as oval or elongated openings of the gastric pits and linear peripheral cracks were visible;the nuclei were arranged regularly. In the superficial layer of the antral mucosa, irregular or tubular openings of the gastric pits and cracked glandular cavities were visible, with the cells surrounding the gastric pits regularly arranged and the nuclei small and densely distributed. In the gas?tric carcinoma, nuclei sizes were different, arranged messy. Gland sizes were various, with unclear structure or glandular structures that could not be observed. Structure of gastric pits was damaged and normal gastric pits disappeared. After HRME imaging was performed on 64 cases of gastric biopsy specimens, the sensitivi?ty, specificity, accuracy, negative predictive value and positive predictive value of HRME diagnosis of gastric carcinoma were 96?4%( 53/55 ) , 88?9%( 8/9 ) , 95?3%( 61/64 ) , 98?1%( 53/54 ) and 80?0%( 8/10) respectively. Conclusion HRME, a new and instant pathological imaging tool with low price and simple operation, can distinguish normal gastric mucosa and gastric cancer tissue clearly, with a high diagno?sis value for gastric cancer.

The patients undergoing gastroscope and enteroscopy examination were respectively divided into gastric intestinal metaplasia group (n = 397) and non gastric intestinal metaplasia group (n = 360),and the differences in size,number,location and dysplasia of colonic polyps between the two groups were compared. In GIM group,the polyps incidence after classification of polyp size and colonic dysplasia was significantly higher than that in non GIM group (P < 0. 05),while the number and location of colonic polyps were no significant difference between two groups. By the logistic regression analysis,more than 50 years old of age,male,HP infection,the diameter of polyps are larger than 2. 0 cm,or dysplasia showed high possibility to appear gastric intestinal metaplasia (OR > 1,P< 0. 05),the diameter of colonic polyps are 1. 0 ～ 2. 0 cm which showed high possibility to non intestinal metaplasia (OR < 1,P < 0. 05),and there was no significant difference between the two groups in the incidence of GIM in colonic polyps less than 0. 5 cm or 0. 5 ～ 1. 0 cm in diameter. Not only age,gender and HP infection were related to the occurrence of IM,but the risk of GIM increased in patients with colonic polyps' diameter more than 2. 0 cm and dysplasia. Those who found colonic polyps > 2. 0 cm in diameter and polyps with dysplasia were suggested to undergo gastroscopy in order to find GIM early and follow up to improve the detection rate of early gastric cancer.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and safety of MS Contin for patients with cancerous pain. METHODS:To control open clinical test was performed on 856 patients with terminal cancer,the analgesia effects,life quality and adverse reactions in these patients were compared before and after treatment with MS Contin.RESULTS:In the efficacy analysis,MS Contin lowered the pain degree(P

Objective To summarize the picture features of high resolution micro-endoscopy (HRME) for normal gastrointestinal mucosa. Methods We select 10 cases' normal esophageal mucosa, gastric and duodenal mucosa, in-testinal mucosa and colonic mucosal biopsies for this study, use HRME to observe the specimens and describe the features of different parts of the digestive tract normal mucosa according to the collected HRME pictures. Results After HRME imaging, all specimens were sent to pathological examination. We obtained 1 284 HRME pictures for 50 cases of biopsy specimens, 400 pictures were selected for results analysis after screening. HRME image charac-teristics of different parts of the digestive tract normal mucosa are as follows. Esophageal mucosa: cell arrangement rules, round and bright nucleus, the same size, nuclear spacing normal, the number of cells per field in basically are the same. Fundic mucosa: numerous closely arranged glands as well as oval or elongated branched openings of the gastric pits and linear peripheral cracks were visible; the nuclei were arranged regularly. Antral mucosa: irregular or tubular openings of the gastric pits and cracked glandular cavities were visible, with the cells surrounding the gastric pits regularly arranged and the nuclei small and densely distributed. Duodenal mucosa:visible villi was large fingers,on both sides of lint jagged depression, stereoscopic obviously, a cluster-like arrangement and the gap was crack-like. Intestinal mucosa:villous structures wider gap is wider, less than the number of the duodenum. Colonic mucosa:the nucleus of the same size, shape rules, round or oval and daisy-like glandular structures. All specimens were confirmed normal mucosa by pathology. Conclusion HRME can accurately identify the different parts of the diges-tive tract normal mucosa and it has a high consistency compared with pathological results.

Objective To explore and evaluate the method and feasibility of applying the contrast agent fluorescein sodium to enhance the efficiency of Cerenkov radiation energy transfer (CRET).Methods Fluorescein sodium was employed as the energy transfer receptor of 18 F-FDG Cerenkov radiation (CR) to achieve stronger signal.18F-FDG was mixed with fluorescein sodium of different concentrations:0.05,0.10,0.20,1.00,2.00,4.00,8.00 mmol/L.Optical signal strength was quantified by ROI analysis.The influence of fluorescein sodium concentration on CRET efficiency and the optimal concentration that could achieve most optical signal augmentation were studied.The optimal concentration of fluorescein sodium was mixed with 1.85-11.10 MBq 18F-FDG for CLI.Linear regression was performed to investigate the range of 18F-FDG dose with most optical signal augmentation and the influence of 18F-FDG dose on CRET efficiency.A tumorbearing nude mouse was imaged after intravenous injection of 18F-FDG and then imaged again after injection of fluorescein sodium post 18 F-FDG injection.These two sets of images were compared to evaluate the CRET efficiency in vivo.Results In vitro study showed that 1.00 mmol/L fluorescein sodium was the optimal concentration for 18F-FDG dose ranging from 1.85 MBq to 11.10 MBq.The signal from 18F-FDG mixed with fluorescein sodium was 3.7 times stronger than that from 18F-FDG alone.Experiment in vivo suggested that 18F-FDG mixed with fluorescein sodium could effectively enhance the signal strength by CRET.Conclusion 18F-FDG mixed with fluorescein sodium may improve the efficiency of CRET,therefore,can enhance the signal strength,reduce the exposure time and achieve better signal to noise ratio.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of high?resolution microendoscopy( HRME) im?aging for animal gastrointestinal mucosa. Methods Mucosal tissues were harvested from the stomach, small intestine, and large intestine of Japanese big?ear white rabbits. The effects of HRME imaging of different lo?cations such as the gastric antrum and fundus, small intestine and large intestine were observed, and those of different exposure time were compared.Accuracy of HRME imaging was compared with pathology. Results The specific tissues of the gastrointestinal mucosa could be clearly distinguished from the HRME images. In the superficial layer of the fundic mucosa, numerous closely arranged glands as well as oval or elongated branched openings of the gastric pits and linear peripheral cracks were visible;the nuclei were arranged reg?ularly. In the superficial layer of the antral mucosa, irregular or tubular openings of the gastric pits and cracked glandular cavities were visible, with the cells surrounding the gastric pits regularly arranged and the nuclei small and densely distributed. In the superficial layer of the small intestine mucosa, stereoscopic thick?finger?shaped villi cluster was visible. The intervillous spaces were crack?like, and the surface was cov?ered by regularly arranged reflective, absorptive cells. In the superficial layer of the large intestine mucosa, many regularly arranged daisy?like round crypts of uniform size, as well as reflective, goblet cells surrounding the crypt and the interval space between crypts were visible. When the exposure time increased, the nuclei became brighter. An excellent correlation was noted between the results of histologic examination and those obtained by using HRME. Conclusion HRME can produce accurate images of the animal gastro?intestinal mucosae and may be a novel technique for further studies of human gastrointestinal pathology.