Purpose To investigate the significance of PET/CT in differential diagnosis of incidental thyroid benign or malignant lesions with high fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake.Materials and Methods Forty cases with focal high FDG uptake lesion in thyroid accidently detected by PET/CT were retrospectively collected. The subjects were dived into physiological uptake group (n=18), benign lesion group (n=16) and malignant lesion group (n=6) according to the pathology or follow-up examinations. The average SUVmax of different groups was analyzed, and ROC curve was used todetect benign or malignant lesions.Results The average SUVmax was 3.7±1.1 in physiological uptake group, 4.9±2.3 in benign lesion group and 9.5±4.8 in malignant lesion group. Significant difference was noticed among the three groups. The average SUVmax in malignant lesion group was higher than that of the other two groups with statistical difference (P<005). No significant difference was observed between physiological uptake group and benign lesion group (P>0.05). ROC analysis showed that the sensitivity and specificity for thyroid malignant tumor were 100.0% and 87.2% at SUVmax of 8.5.Conclusion18F-FDG PET/CT plays an important role in differentiating benign lesions of thyroid from malignance, but it is not helpful to identify benign lesions from physiologic uptake.

Objective To investigate the correlation between insulin resistance with female overactive bladder (OAB) .Meth‐ods 96 female patients with OAB were selected as the observation group and contemporaneous 92 women with healthy physical ex‐amination were taken as the control group .The fasting plasma glucose (FPG) ,triglycerides (TG) ,total cholesterol (TC) ,high‐den‐sity lipoprotein (HDL‐C) ,low‐density lipoprotein (LDL‐C) ,fasting insulin (FINS) ,and C reaction protein (CRP) levels were measured in the two groups .The insulin resistance index was calculated by the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR) .Results The waist circumference ,body mass ,body mass index (BMI) ,hypertension cases and proportion of meno‐pause cases in the observation group were higher than those in the control group .FPG ,TG ,FINS ,CRP levels and HOMA‐IR in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group ,while the HDL‐C level was lower than that in the con‐trol group .In addition ,the differences in TC and LDL‐C levels between the two groups were not statistically significant (P>0 .05) . Conclusion Insulin resistance has no correlation with female OAB .

Objective To investigate the expression level of hyper sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) in children infected with different pathogens in order to enhance the application value of hsCRP .Methods One hundred and one children patients with infection from March 2010 to March 2015 were selected as the research subjects and divided into the bacterial infection group (67 ca-ses) and mycoplasma infection group (34 cases) according to the hematology and bacterial culture results .Contemporaneous 50 healthy children were selected as the control group .Venous blood was collected for detecting hsCRP ,white blood cell(WBC) and neutrophil percentage(NEUT% ) .Results The levels and abnormal rates of hsCRP and WBC in the bacterial infection group were significantly higher than the those in the mycoplasma infection group and control group (P<0 .05);NEUT% and abnormal rate in the mycoplasma infection group was higher than that in the other two groups (P<0 .05) .The levels and abnormal rates of hsCRP and WBC after treatment in the bacterial infection group were lower than those before treatment ,the difference was statistically sig-nificant(P<0 .05);the area under the ROC curve of hsCRP for diagnosing bacterial infection wa maximal ,which was 0 .68 ,the sensitivity and specificity were 89 .9% and 88 .3% respectively .Conclusion The hsCRP level detection has early diagnostic value for child bacterial infection and can dynamically reflects the curative effect .

Objective The objective of this study was to investigate the miR-345 expression level in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)tissue and its potential clinical significance.Methods Real-time PCR was conducted to evaluate the expression of miR-345 in NSCLC tissues in 98 samples and cell lines.Then the association between tissue miR-345 expression level and clinical outcomes was further analyzed.Results The expression level of miR-345 was significantly decreased in NSCLC tissues and cell lines when compared to the controls(P<0.05).miR-345 expression level in NSCLS tissues was associated with various clinicopathological parameters including LN metastasis(P<0.001),distant metastasis(P=0.028),TNM stage(P=0.004)and grade(P=0.011).In addition,the NSCLC patients in the low miR-345 expression group showed significantly shorter overall survival time than that in the high miR-345expression group(P=0.021).Multivariate analysis showed that the expression of miR-345 was an independent risk factor for NSCLC(HR=3.897,95% CI:2.263~10.440;P=0.012).Conclusion The expression level of miR-345 was decreased in NSCLC tissues as well as cell lines compared with normal controls.Low miR-345 expression in tissues was associated with progression and poor prognosis of NSCLC.These results indicate that miR-345 may be a novel prognostic marker in NSCLC.

Objective To explore the clinical application of single or combined detection of serum Cys-C,5'-NT and AFP in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in order to provide the platform for early diagnosis and prognosis evaluation.Methods The serum levels of Cys-C,5'-NT and AFP from 148 cases of HCC patients (HCC group),135 cases of liver cirrhosis patients (LC group) and 155 cases of hepatitis (hepatitis group) and 100 healthy people (control group) were measured by latex-enhanced immunoturbidimetric assay (LEITD),peroxidase method and electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLI),respectively.Then their differences had been compared.The sensitivity,specificity and Youden's index were calculated and the results were analyzed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.Results The levels of serum Cys-C,5'-NT and AFP were significantly different in 4 groups.The differences were statistically significant (F =12.35,42.25,58.12,P =0.000).The sensitivity of three indicators for diagnosing HCC was 100 ％,which was higher than that of single or two combined detection (P ＜ 0.05),and the specificity was 78.97 ％.The area under ROC curves of combined detection of three indicators was 0.977,which was also higher than single or two combined detection (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The combined detection of serum Cys-C,5'-NT and AFP can greatly increase the sensitivity and accuracy for diagnosing HCC,which has an important clinical value for early diagnosis.Therefore it is worth popularizing and applying on clinic.

BACKGROUND:Articular cartilage injury is often complicated by subchondral bone damage to form osteochondral defects, and its treatment remains a pressing problem in orthopedics. Osteochondral composite grafts fabricated by tissue engineering technology provide a new way to repair osteochondral defects. OBJECTIVE:To explore the feasibility of fabricating osteochondral composite grafts in an independently designed double-chamber stirring bioreactor. METHODS: Goat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels were seeded into β-tricalcium phosphate scaffolds. The cel/scaffold constructs were subjected to chondrogenic and osteogenic induction simultaneously in the double-chamber stirring bioreactor. According to the applied shear stress, they were divided into dynamic and static culture groups. The proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels was detected by MTT test and scanning electron microscope examination. Osteogenesis and chondrogenesis related genes were detected by RT-PCR for the evaluation of chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels in both dynamic and static culturegroups demonstrated satisfactory proliferation and differentiation. Better proliferation and differentiation ability were found in the dynamic culture group. Fabrication of osteochondral composite grafts in the independently.designed double-chamber stirring bioreactor is feasible, which is better under the mechanical stimulus environment than the static environment.

Objective To investigate the application of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP),α-L-fucosidase(AFU),5'-nucleotidase(5'-NT) and γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) in diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),and to provide the basis for its early and rapid diagnosis.Methods The clinical data of 120 cases with initial diagnosis as hepatocellular carcinoma,150 cases with liver cirrhosis,200 cases with hepatitis were analyzed retrospectively from June 2013 to August 2014,meanwhile,100 healthy people were selected as control group.The serum AFP,AFU,5'-NT and GGT levels were measured by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay,rate method,peroxidase method and enzymatic colorimetric assay,respectively.The results were analyzed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve,while the sensitivity,specificity,AUC were calculated at the same time.Results The levels of serum AFP,AFU,5'-NT and GGT were significantly different among HCC group,liver cirrhosis group,hepatitis group and control group (all P＜0.05).When tested alone,the sensitivities of AFP,AFU,5'-NT and GGT were 58.33 ％(70/120),82.50 ％(99/120),85.00 ％(102/120),78.33 ％(94/120),the specificities were 88.33 ％(106/120),73.33 ％(88/120),88.33 ％(106/120),71.67 ％(86/120),and AUC were 0.655,0.702,0.814,0.754.When four indexes were performed with combined test,the sensitivity was 98.33 ％(118/120),specificity was 96.67 ％(116/120),AUC was 0.975,which were higher than the single detection (all P＜0.05).Conclusion The combined detection of serum AFP,AFU,5'-NT and GGT can greatly increase the sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing HCC and will gain mutual complement advantages,which is of great clinical value for early and rapid diagnosis.

Objective To investigate changes in the firing activities of nucleus accumbens (NAc)neurons and their response to 5-HT7 receptor stimulation in a rat model of Parkinson’s disease (PD).Methods The firing activities and response of NAc neurons to 5-HT7 receptor agonist in PD rats were recorded by in vivo electroneurophysiology and neuropharmacology and then were compared with those in the sham group.Results The mean firing rate of NAc neurons was (5.46 ±0.88)Hz in the sham rats and (3.77 ±0.48)Hz in the PD rats. The firing rate of NAc neurons increased significantly compared with that in the sham rats (P <0.05).In PD rats, 65% of NAc neurons fired in bursts and 35% fired irregularly.However,in the sham rats,57.5% of NAc neurons fired in bursts and 42.5% fired irregularly.There was no significant difference in the firing pattern of NAc neurons between the PD and sham rats (P >0.05 ).Systemic administration of 5-HT7 receptor agonist AS1 9 increased the firing rate of NAc neurons in the sham and PD rats.This excitation was significant at a high dose of 1 60 μg/kg for NAc neurons in the sham rats (P <0.05).However,the excitation produced by AS1 9 was significant at a high dose of 80 μg/kg in PD rats (P <0.05).The cumulative dose-produced excitation in the PD rats was lower than that in the sham rats.The effects induced by AS1 9 were reversed by the 5-HT7 receptor antagonist SB269970 in both groups.Conclusion The reinforced firing activity of NAc neurons might be mediated by 5-HT7 receptor in the neurons of PD rats.

Objective: To identify a novel human leukocyte antigen (HLA) B allele in a Chinese Han individual and construct its three-dimensional structure. Methods: The initial HLA genotyping was performed by PCR-sequence-based typing (PCR-SBT). The ambiguous allele was confirmed with single-strand DNA sequencing. The DNA sequence was analyzed to identify the difference between the novel allele and its closest matching allele. Finally, the three-dimensional molecular structure of the novel allele was constructed using a Swiss-Model. Results: One allele of the subject at the HLA-B locus was B*44: 03: 01, whilst the other was a novel allele which differed from the closest matching allele B*51: 01: 01: 01 by nucleotide (nt) 329 A>C in exon 2, resulting in an amino acid change at codon 86 (p.Asn86Thr). Conclusion A novel HLA-B allele has been identified and officially named as HLA-B*51: 159 by the WHO Nomenclature Committee for Factors of the HLA System. The three-dimensional structure of B*51: 159 was simulated.

Objective:To explore the application value of combined detection of p16 and human papillomavirus (HPV) typing in the diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN).Methods:A total of 8 346 patients aged between 25 years old and 65 years old at Baoji Central Hospital of Shaanxi Province from February 2019 to February 2020 were selected. There were 2 882 patients with cervical lesions diagnosed by colposcopy biopsy. Patients were divided into the different groups based on the age range, and then the condition of HPV infection in all age groups was analyzed. Taking biopsy as the gold standard and according to the pathological results, the detection rate of p16 and HPV typing and the diagnostic value of the single and combined detection in CIN were also analyzed.Results:The age group with the highest positive rate of p16 and HPV was 31-40 years old [47.42% (1 014/2 427) and 36.84% (894/2 427), respectively], followed by 41-50 years old group [30.15% (907/2 942) and 28.11% (827/2 942)], and there were statistically significant differences in positive rate of p16 and HPV in all age groups (all P < 0.05). Among 2 882 patient with cervical lesions diagnosed by pathological examination, there were 2 572 cases (89.24%) of p16 positive, and 2 169 cases (75.26%) of HPV positive. With the disease progression of cervical lesions, the positive rate of p16 and HPV was gradually increased, and the positive rate of p16 of inflammation, CINⅠ, CINⅡ, CIN Ⅲ, cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was 11.68% (23/197), 94. 85% (1 105/1 165), 93.57% (771/824), 96.76% (538/556), 96.43% (135/140), respectively; the positive rate of HPV was 17.77% (35/197), 77.60% (904/1 165), 80.22% (661/824), 80.40% (447/556), 87.14% (122/140), respectively, and HPV infection was mostly HPV16/18 infection type with the disease progression of cervical lesions. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value in detecting CIN of HPV was 75.26%, 81.13%, 67.78% and 86.14%, respectively; the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value in detecting CIN of p16 was 89.24%, 84.74%, 75.51% and 93.72%, respectively; the diagnostic efficacy of p16 was higher than that of HPV in detecting CIN, and the difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.05). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of HPV combined with p16 in detecting CIN was 94.10%, 91.33%, 85.12%, 96.71%, which were higher compared with those of single detection (all P < 0.05). Conclusions:HPV infection mainly occurs in women aged 31-40 years old followed by 41-50 years old, and the infected population of CIN tends to be younger. p16 is superior to HPV in detecting the diagnostic efficacy of CIN; combined detection of p16 and HPV can increase the sensitivity and specificity, reduce the rate of misdiagnosis, and can play a key clinical value in early diagnosis and treatment of CIN.