BACKGROUND: There are reports that exogenous pulmonary surfactant (PS)participating in acute asthma attacks in rats with asthma and has correlation with epidermal growth factor(EGF) and expression of EGFmRNA.OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of PS on EGF and EGFmRNA in asthmatic rats.DESIGN: Controlled experimental study on experimental animals.SETTING: Respiratory departmentof a military medical university affiliated hospital.MATERIALS: The experiment was completed in Laboratory 2 of Experiment Animal Center; Immunohistochemistry Laboratory, Department of Pathology of Fourth Military Medical University of Chinese PLA from April 2004 to July 2004. Sixty male SD rats weighting 100 - 120 g were provided by the Experiment Animal Center of the Fourth Military Medical University of Chinese PLA. The animals were randomly divided into 3 groups, that is normal control group, asthma control group(asthma group) and PS treatment group (treatment group) with 20 rats in each group.METHODS: The models of asthmatic rats were established. 1mL of immunogen stock suspension and 1 mL trachitis vaccine were injected intraperitoneally into the rats in the asthma group and treatment group respectively, and the normal control group were treated with the same volume of saline. Two weeks after being allergic, 10 g/L oval bumin were given to the asthma group and treatment group. The normal control group was given saline ultrasonic nebulization for 20 minutes; the treatment group was performed atomizing inhalation PS 100 mg/kg driving by oxygen before each provocation. The expression of EGF was detected with immunohistochemistry and the expression of EGF mRNA was detected with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The onset condition of the rats in each group and the comparison of the level of EGF and the expression of EGFmRNA in lung tissue of the bronchus.RUSULTS: There were 20 rats entered the result analysis in each group. Onset rate of asthma in asthma group [90% (18/20) ] was higher than that in the treatment group[5% ( 1/20) ] (x2 = 28.97, P ＜ 0.01 ). The image analysis of the EGF expression showed that the absorbance in the asthma group(9. 652 ± 1. 086) was higher than that in the normal control group (3. 267 ± 0. 986) ( t = 18. 552, P ＜ 0.01 ). The absorbance in the treatment group(4. 132 ± 1. 012) was similar to that in the control group( P ＞ 0.05);The electrophoresis bands of mRNA amplified products in each group showed that in the normal control group the expression was weak and it was strong in the asthma group. The expression in the treatment group was obviously weaker than that in the control group.CONCLUSION: Exogenous PS can reduce the onset of asthma and its mechanism might be related with inhibiting the synthesis and release of EGF.

Objective To investigate the characteristic of surgical treatment of burns in pediatrics patients. Methods From January 2006 to March 2012,47 pediatrics patients and 244 adult patients were received the surgical treatment in our hospital. The clinical data of two groups were analyzed retrospectively and compared. Results The female ratio in pediatric patients was higher than adult group,and almost patients received operation,especially plastic surgery and skin repair,with less surgeries of wound repair and infected surgeries. The preopera-tive physiological index between two groups was no significantly different. Conclusion On the premise of effective preoperative preparation, we could carry out surgical treatment of burns for pediatrics patients positively.

Objective To explore the indicators change of early renal injury in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and its clinical significance.Methods Ninety cases of COPD including 45 cases with stable period of COPD,45 cases with acute exacerbation of COPD who received treatment in Baoshan Branch of Shanghai General Hospital from January 2014 to December 2014 were enrolled in this study.Meanwhile 45 cases of healthy subjects were collected as the control group.According to the extent of hypoxia,the COPD patients were divided into mild subgroups (60mmHg

Objective To investigate the effect of Cordyceps sinensis on renal fibrosis and its possible mechanism.Methods Thirty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups:Sham operation group (Sham,n =10),5/6 subtotal uephrectomy group (SNx,n =10),and 5/6subtotal nephrectomy treated with Cordyceps sinensis group (CS,n =10).Body weights were assessed and 24-hour urine excretion was collected before and every four weeks after surgery.Rats were sacrificed at 12 weeks after surgery.Blood samples were taken for biochemical study,and kidney tissues were used for HE and Masson stains to assess histological changes.Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and its receptors of type Ⅰ (TβR Ⅰ),type Ⅱ (TβR Ⅱ).Immunofluorescence was used to detect E-cadherin and α-SMA.The relative protein level of TGF-β1,TβR Ⅰ,TβR Ⅱ,p-Smad2/3,Smad7,E-cadherin,α-SMA were examined by Western blotting.Results CS group had higher body weights and lower urinary protein,BUN and Scr level compared with SNx group.Glomerulosclerosis index and tubulointerstitial injury score were significantly reduced in CS group compared with those in SNx group (all P ＜ 0.05).The protein expressions of TGF-β1,TβR Ⅰ,TβR Ⅱ,p-Smad2/3 were decreased in CS group compared with those in SNx group (all P ＜ 0.05).CS treatment up-regulated the expression of E-cadherin,Smad7 and down-regulated the expression of α-SMA compared with that in SNx group (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Cordyceps sinensis has inhibitory effect on renal fibrosis in 5/6 subtotal nephrectomy rat model,which might be related with the suppression of TGF-β 1 signal pathway.

F0.01(1,5)=16. 30,P0. 05). Conclusion Laboratory results thus suggest that infection intensity is related to snail size per se, whereas prevalence in the field is related to snail size only through the correlation between size and age. In addition, under these experimental conditions, infected snails were no larger than uninfected snails, so the gigantism snails observed in the field might not be attributable to Trichobilharzia-induced effect.

Objective:To observe the expression of Ki-67,P53 and LAT1 in tissues of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and precancerous lesions and to investigate its clinical significance.Methods: Immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expressions of Ki-67,P53 and LAT1 in tissues from 20 cases of normal esophageal mucosa,68 cases of precancerous lesions including 21 cases of mild atypical hyperplasia,22 cases of atypical hyperplasia,25 cases of severe atypical hyperplasia and cancer tissues from 34 esophageal cancer patients.The relationship between the expression of the three in esophageal carcinoma was analysed.Results: Re-spectively,the positive expression rate of Ki-67 in normal esophageal mucosa, mild atypical hyperplasia, moderate dysplasia, severe dysplasia and carcinoma was 0%( 0/20 ) , 23.8%( 5/21 ) , 40.9%( 9/22 ) , 76.0%( 19/25 ) , 82.4%( 28/34 ) and the positive expression rate of P53 was 0%(0/20),14.3%(3/21),31.8%(7/22),48.0%(12/25),67.6%(23/34) and the positive expression rate of LAT1 was 0%( 0/20 ) , 19.0%( 4/21 ) , 36.4%( 8/22 ) , 52.0%( 13/25 ) , 76.5%( 26/34 ).The rank correlation analysis showed that the positive expression of Ki-67,P53 and LAT1 were significantly correlated with histological grade(r=0.626,0.427, 0.586,P<0.01) and the expression of Ki-67,P53 was positively correlated with LAT1 in esophageal carcinoma tissues(r=0.428, 0.596,P<0.01).Conclusion:Abnormal expression of Ki-67,P53,LAT1 protein was significant related to carcinogenesis of esophageal cancer and the combined detection of the three has important clinical significance.

Objective To investigate the effects of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) on the differentiation of T lymphocyte subsets and the expression of specific transcription regulator T-bet/GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3). Methods A prospective double-blind study was conducted. Patients with CPB pulmonary repair of ventricular septal defect (observation group) or off-pump ligation of ductus arteriosus (control group) with 20 cases each in the 150th Military Hospital from February 2015 to February 2016 were enrolled. The blood sampled was collected on the time of before operation, at the end of CPB or operation, 4 hours after operation, and 24 hours after operation. T lymphocytes were isolated, the helper T cell 1 (Th1) specific transcription factor T-bet mRNA, helper T cell 2 (Th2) specific transcription factor GATA3 mRNA expression and cytokine γ-interferon (IFN-γ) mRNA, interleukin-4 (IL-4) mRNA expression were measured by Northern Blot. Results Compared with before operation, expression levels of T-bet mRNA [integral gray values: (1.39±0.52)×105vs. (2.92±0.88)×105], IFN-γ mRNA [integral gray values: (3.68±0.65)×105vs. (6.10±0.93)×105] were decreased transiently at the end of CPB in the observation group (both P < 0.05), returned to preoperative levels at 24 hours after operation [integral gray values: (2.77±0.74)×105, (6.22±1.25)×105, respectively, both P > 0.05]; expression levels of GATA3 mRNA [integral gray values:(4.96±0.88)×105vs. (3.21±0.68)×105], IL-4 mRNA [integral gray values: (3.52±1.13)×105vs. (1.85±0.63)×105] were increased (both P < 0.05), recovered to the preoperative levels at 24 hours after operation [integral gray values: (3.11±0.51)×105, (1.93±0.84)×105, respectively, both P > 0.05]. There were no significant differences in the expressions of T-bet, GATA3, IFN-γ and IL-4 mRNA in the control group at each time points (all P >0.05). Conclusions CPB causes the imbalance of Th1, Tc1/Th2, Tc2 and pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory reactions specially, which participate the complication occurrence after CPB. The changing of T-bet/GATA3 may be the internal mechanism for these changes.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of electroacupuncture at cervical Jiaji (EX-B2) points plus behavioral intervention in treating cervical spondylosis. Method The cervical spondylosis patients were randomized into two groups at a ratio of 3:1, 90 cases in the electroacupuncture group and 30 cases in the medication group. The patients who received electroacupuncture were also given cupping and behavioral intervention (raising head for 1 min every 20-30 min and correcting sleep habits). The clinical efficacy was evaluated according to the symptoms and body signs assessment scale. Result Respectively after 4-week, 8-week, 4-month and 6-month treatments, the clinical control rate, markedly control rate and total effective rate in the electroacupuncture group were significantly higher than that in the medication group. Conclusion Electroacupuncture at Jiaji points plus behavioral intervention is an effective solution to prevent and treat cervical spondylosis.

Objective To investigate the potential role of CXC chemokine ligand 16 (CXCL16)/CXC chemokine receptor 6 (CXCR6) pathway in the progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Methods 8?week old male db/db mice were randomly divided into DN group and DN inflamed group. 10% casein was subcutaneously injected to induce the DN mouse model with inflammation. In vitro, HK?2 cells were treated with high glucose (HG), and IL?1β+HG to investigate the effect of inflammatory stress on HK?2 cells. Further knockdown CXCL16 was mediated by RNA interference to determine the effects of CXCl16, then cells were divided into HG+IL?1βgroup, HG+IL?1β + siCXCL16 group and HG + IL?1β + vehicle group. Changes of renal function in mice were assessed by 24 h proteinuria and N?acetyl?β?D?glucosaminidase (NAG) during 8 weeks. The ultra?microstructure was checked by electron microscopy at 8th week. Lipid accumulation in kidneys and HK?2 were observed by Filipin staining and quantitative assay of intracellular free cholesterol. The protein expressions of CXCl16, CXCR6, a disintegrin and metalloproteinase?10 (ADAM10), fibronectin and α smooth muscle actin (α?SMA) in renal tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. The mRNA and protein expressions of CXCl16, CXCR6, ADAM10, fibronectin andα?SMA in HK?2 cells were detected by real?time PCR and Western blotting, and protein expressions of CXCl16, CXCR6 and ADAM10 in HK?2 cells were also tested by cell immunofluorescence. Results Mice in DN inflamed group had higher 24 h proteinuria and NAG than those in DN group, and the differences between two groups shown statistical significance at 8th week (all P<0.05). Compared with DN mice, DN inflamed mice had more vacuoles within renal tubular cells, with mitochondrial swelling, deformation and decrease. Lipid accumulation and protein expressions of fibronectin and α?SMA were increased in DN inflamed group when compared with DN group (all P<0.05). Further, the expressions of CXCL16, CXCR6, ADAM10 were significantly increased in DN inflamed group (all P<0.05). In vitro, the mRNA and protein expressions of CXCL16, CXCR6, ADAM10, fibronectin and α?SMA, and lipid accumulation were increased in high glucose plus IL?1βgroup when compared with high glucose group (all P<0.05). However, after siRNA of CXCL16 transfection, the mRNA and protein expressions of CXCL16, CXCR6, ADAM10, fibronectin andα?SMA were down?regulated in HG+IL?1β+siCXCL16 group as compared with high glucose+IL?1βgroup (all P<0.05). Furthermore, lipid accumulation was decreased (P<0.05). Conclusion Inflammation accelerates tubulointerstitial injury in DN partly through the activation of CXCL16 pathway, which may facilitate the lipid accumulation in tubular epithelial cells.

Objective To compare the consistency and detection rate of early gastric cancer (EGC) of three different methods including anti-Helicobacter pylori (Hp) antibody combined with pepsinogen (PG) (ABC method),serum PG combined with gastrin-17 (G-17) (new ABC method) and the new scoring system.Methods Serological tests were performed in Zhejiang population,which divided the subjects into low risk,intermediate risk and high risk groups.High risk subjects were examined by endoscopic and pathological examination.SPSS19.0 were used to evaluate the consistency of three methods.According to the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve,the ratio of G-17 to PG (PGR) was calculated for the optimal diagnostic cut-off value of EGC.Results A total of 30 126 subjects were recruited.Based on the data of ABC method,the proportions of low risk,intermediate risk and high risk group were 15 368 (51.01％),13 246 (43.97％),and 1 512 (5.02％),respectively.These proportions by the new ABC method were 20 584 (68.32％),8 990 (29.84％),552 cases (1.83％),respectively.By new scoring system,these were 20 810 (69.08％),8 059 (26.75％),and 1 257 (4.17％),respectively.Among them,1 263 subjects underwent endoscopy and 22 cases (1.74％) were finally diagnosed as gastric cancer including 19 EGC (86.4％).There were 1 case (0.35％),14 cases (1.84％),and 7 cases (3.21％) with gastric cancer in low risk,intermediate risk,and high risk groups by ABC methods,respectively.Gastric cancer patients were 7 (1.68％),10 (1.38％),and 5 (4.10％) in three groups respectively by new ABC methods.Via new scoring system,gastric cancer were detected in 5 (0.66％),9 (2.22％),and 8 (7.84％) patients of three risk groups respectively.The consistency of three screening methods was poor.The detection rate of gastric cancer in high risk group was higher than that in the other two (P＜0.05).The area under the curve (AUC) for diagnosis of gastric cancer by G-17 and PGR was 0.588 and 0.729,respectively.According to the PGR cut-off value determined by the fitted model,the incidence of gastric cancer in the low,intermediate and high risk groups was 0.94％,1.97％,and 6.31％,respectively.When the cut-off value is PGR＜4.135,the sensitivity is 0.855 and the specificity is 0.545.Conclusion The new scoring system has a better predictive value in EGC screening.The detection rate of EGC in high risk group is higher than that in low and intermediate risk groups.