Objective To understand the distribution and antimicrobial resistance of pathogens isolated from bone and joint infection sites of orthopedic patients,so as to provide reference for prevention and therapy of bone and joint infection.Methods 114 specimens from bone and joint infection sites of orthopedic patients between June 2010 and October 2013 were surveyed,pathogens and antimicrobial susceptibility of pathogens were analyzed.Results A total of 145 pathogenic isolates were obtained,62.07%(n=90)of which were gram-negative bacteria,34.48%(n=50)were gram-positive bacteria,2.07%(n=3)were Candida spp .,and 1 .38%(n =2)were anaerobic bacteria. The top 4 pathogens were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (20.69%),Staphylococcus aureus (12.41 %),Escherichia coli (11 .03 %),and Enterobacter cloacae (9.65%).These pathogens presented remarkable resistance.The resistant rate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to ceftazidime was up to 40.00%;the resistant rates of Escherichia coli to com-pound sulfamethoxazole,ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin were all 100.00%.Conclusion Gram-negative bacteria are the major pathogens in orthopedic ward,the isolated strains are resistant to multiple antimicrobial agents.

Objective: To establish a determination for psoralen and isopsoralen in Longbishu Capsules (Fructus Psoraleae, Herba Leonuri, Succinum, Pseudobulbus Cremastrae seu pleiones, Herba Lysimachiae, Spora Lygodii). Methods : TLC-Scanning was used. Results : The average recovery of psoralen was 97.4% and RSD was 3.06%,respectively, and isopsoralen was 97.6% and RSD was 2.72%,respectively. Conclusion : The method can be used for quality control of Longbishu Capsules.

Objective To evaluate the expression of immunohistochemistry markers p53, p16 and Ki-67 in penile cancer and penile intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN). Methods 33 patients who suffered penile cancer and received organ-sparing surgery from Jan 2004 to Dec 2013 were retrospectively analysed. The expression of p53, p16 and Ki-67 were detected by EnVision/HRP two steps immunohistochemistry. Results The positive expression rates of p53 in normal penile epithelium, low-grate penile intraepithelial neoplasia, high-grate penile intraepithelial neoplasia, well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma and poor-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma were 0, 16.7 %, 38.5 %, 30.0 % and 66.7 % respectively. The expression rates of p16 were 20.0 %, 50.0 %, 53.8 %, 70.0 % and 33.3 % respectively. The expression rates of Ki-67 were 0, 16.7 %, 61.5 %, 65.0 % and 75.0 % respectively. Conclusions The combined detection of p16 and Ki-67 can contribute to discover PIN and penile carcinoma much more earlier. p53 may be related to the occurrence and development of low differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, and p16 may be related to the occurrence and development of well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma.

Objective To investigate the effect of ginsenoside on degeneration of learning and memory in aged mice and the mechanism. Method Eighty female C57BL/6J mice aged 20-mo were randomly divided into control group and three ginsenoside treatment groups at dosage of 25,50,100 mg/(kg bw?d) respectively by drinking. In addition, 20 female C57BL/6J mice aged 3 mo were used to be young control group. Eight mo later, the learning and memory abilities of the mice were checked by Morris water maze. Thereafter, the mice were killed by decapitation,and their serum was collected to determine the level of SOD, GSH-Px and MDA. Hippocampal morphology was examined by Nissl stain; and the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in hippocampus was studied using Western blot method. Results 50,100 mg/(kg bw?d) ginsenosides administration could significantly shorten the escape latency of the aged mice in Morris water maze. Furthermore,the alleviated oxidative stress and up-regulated expression of BDNF were observed in 50, 100 (mg/kg?d) ginsenosides groups compared with aged control group. Serum level of GSH-Px was higher in 25 (mg/kg bw?d) ginsenosides group compared to that of aged control group. The number of Nissl-positive cell had no significant difference between all groups. Conclusion 50,100 mg/(kg bw?d) ginsenoside can significantly delay the degeneration of learning and memory in aged mice by lowering oxidative damage and up-regulating BDNF expression in hippocampus.

Objective To investigate the expression of p38 MAPK gene and p38 MAPK protein,and explore the effect of p38 MAPK in inflammation reaction of severe acute pancreatitis.Methods 48 cases with severe acute pancreatitis were chosen as research group,and another 48 healthy cases as control group.The expression of p38 MAPK gene were investigated by RT-PCR,and the expression of p38 MAPK and P-p38 MAPK protein were investigated by western blot. Results The expression of p38 MAPK mRNA,p38 MAPK protein and P-p38 MAPK protein in research group were higher than that in control group,the differences were all statistically significant(P<0.05 ).Conclusion The expression of p38 MAPK gene and p38 MAPK protein were significantly increased in patients with severe acute pancreatitis,which showed that p38 MAPK played an important role in inflammation reaction.

Compared to ligand-binding assay( LBA) , liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry( LC-MS/MS) methods could improve specificity, reduce the time of method development and enhance efficiency for quantitation of monoclonal antibodies( mAb) .This review summarizes the application of LC-MS/MS assays to the quantitation of mAb in order to facilitate the research of quantitation of mAb in drug development.

Genetic modification technology is a new molecular tool for targeted genome modification. It includes zinc finger nucleases (ZFN) technology, transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALEN) technology and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-associated (Cas) (CRISPR-Cas) nucleases technology. All of these nucleases create DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) at chromosomal targeted sites and induce cell endogenous mechanisms that are primarily repaired by the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) or homologous recombination (HR) pathway, resulting in targeted endogenous gene knock-out or exogenous gene insertion. In recent years, genetic modification technologies have been successfully applied to bacteria, yeast, human cells, fruit fly, zebra fish, mouse, rat, livestock, cynomolgus monkey, Arabidopsis, rice, tobacco, maize, sorghum, wheat, barley and other organisms, showing its enormous advantage in gene editing field. Especially, the newly developed CRISPR-Cas9 system arose more attention because of its low cost, high effectiveness, simplicity and easiness. We reviewed the principles and the latest research progress of these three technologies, as well as prospect of future research and applications.
Animals ; CRISPR-Cas Systems ; DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded ; Endonucleases ; Genetic Engineering ; methods ; Humans ; Mutagenesis, Insertional ; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed ; Plants ; Zinc Fingers

Objective:To detect serum antibody to CJ in GBS patients with LPS purified from CJ strains (CJ LPS) and total CJ constituents (CJ T) as antigens and to deduce whether LPS is surely the epitope of CJ in the induction of CJ antibodies from the difference between the positive rates of both the two assays with CJ LPS and CJ T and from the concordance rates of the positive cases Methods:Sera from 81 GBS patients, 34 patients with other neurological diseases (OND) and 63 normal controls (NC) were tested with CJ LPS and CJ T by indirect ELISA method CJ LPS was purified by phenol water extraction method from 15 CJ strains of various Penner serotypes, including those isolated from GBS patients CJ T was made by collecting the heat stable constituents of CJ Results:The positively infective rate of GBS were 51 9% by CJ LPS and 56 8% by CJ T antigens There is significant difference between GBS and NC in both assays, as well as OND There is no difference between the positively infective rate of GBS patients detected with the two sets of antigens and between concordance rates of the positive cases Conclusion:High incidence of GBS following CJ infection was confirmed once more, and LPS is probably one of the epitopes of CJ in the induction of CJ antibodies

Objective To evaluate the expression and clinical significance of cyclin dependent kinase (CDK)-activating kinase (CAK) complex including CDK7, cyclin H and accessory protein menage a trios 1 (MAT1) in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer.Methods A total of 40 patients with estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer from Department of Galactophore, Baoji Maternal and Child Care Service Centre of Shaanxi Province were investigated in this study.Breast cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues were obtained from patients undergoing surgery.The mRNA expressions of CDK7, cyclin H and MAT1 in two types of tissues were measured by real-time fluorescent quantitative (qRT)-PCR, and their correlations with clinicopathologic features of patients were analyzed.Results The expressions of CDK7, cyclin H and MAT1 in cancer tissues were 2.54±0.78, 2.21±0.56 and 2.46±0.58, while those in adjacent normal tissues were 1.26±0.30, 1.16±0.42 and 1.17±0.39, and there were significantly differences between different types of tissues (t=9.654, P<0.001;t=9.433, P<0.001;t=11.741, P<0.001).The higher expressions of cyclin H and MAT1 in patients′ cancer tissues had the lower clinical stage, with significant correlations (U=3.17, P=0.01;U=2.53, P=0.01).In addition, the tumors were smaller in patients with higher expression levels of MAT1 (χ2=14.16, P=0.01).Conclusion The expressions of CAK complex CDK7, cyclin H and MAT1 are elevated in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer patients.Cyclin H and MAT1 are closely associated with clinical grade, and MAT1 is also significantly associated with tumor size.

Objective To investigate the principle and its clinical initial application of the dual-energy imaging with the dual-source CT and increase the realization of it. Methods According to the research results of the dual-energy imaging with the dual-source CT and the course of development of the dual-energy imaging to analyze and summarize the basis radiological physics, the principles, the correlation parameters and the clinical initial application of the dual -energy imaging with the dual -source CT. Results The dual -energy imaging with the dual -source CT is different from other common dual-energy imaging, it has its own special feature. Conclusion According to the analysis of the dual-energy imaging with the dual-source CT, greatly increase the realization of the dual-energy imaging with the dual-source CT.