BACKGROUND: Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury can result in irreversible neuronal function loss, whereas intrathecal administration of analgesia and neuroprotective drugs has been frequently used in the clinic. The animal models undergoing intrathecal administration of neuroprotective substances after cerebral injury are the basis of studies on the effects of neuroprotective substances.OBJECTIVE: To establish animal models of global cerebral ischemia combined with intrathecal catheterization for drug admistration. METHODS: Global cerebral ischemia was induced by four-vessel occlusion method and intrathecal catheterization was performed. Rats were randomly assigned to three groups with 10 rats per group: sham-surgery, model, and huwena toxin-Ⅰ (HWTX-Ⅰ). Rat models of global cerebral ischemia were established and intrathecal catheterization for drug administration was performed in the model and HWTX-Ⅰ groups. After model establishment, rats from the HWTX-Ⅰ group received HWTX-Ⅰ(1.0 μL/kg), and rats from the model group received the same amount of physiological saline. At 4 days after ischemia/reperfusion, Nissl staining was performed to observe the morphological changes of pyramidal neurons in rat hippocampal CA1 region. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In the sham-surgery group, numerous pyramidal neurons were densely and orderly arranged, endochylema was blue-stained, and Nissl body staining was even. In the HWTX-Ⅰ group, pyramidal neurons were orderly arranged, sparsely distributed, and some neuronal bodies were atrophic and darkly stained. In the model group, pyramidal neurons were disorderly arranged, and sparsely distributed in the whole CA1 region; in addition, a large number of neurons were atrophic and darkly stained. There was a larger degree of morphological change of hippocampal CA1 region pyramidal neurons in the HWTX-Ⅰ group than in the model group. Results indicate that rat models of global cerebral ischemia combined with intrathecal catheterization were successfully established.

Objective To observe cerebral apoplexy patients complicated with carotid atherosclerosis plaque given aggressive lipid lowering treatment on the prognosis of stroke and reduce the recurrence rate through the large sample study on neurological department of internal medicine.Methods 300 cases of cerebral infarction complicated with different degree of neck lesions were selected and randomly divided into 3 groups,each group had 100 cases.Intensive lipid-lowering group received fluvastatin,80mg/d + 100mg aspirin,conventional dose group received fluvastatin,40mg/d + 100mg aspirin,aspirin group was given aspirin 100mg.After 4 weeks,8 weeks,12 weeks,16 weeks,20 weeks,24 weeks,blood lipid level,changes in internal carotid artery plaque (CIMT),plaque area,and the incidence rate of cerebral vascular events after 24 weeks were observed.Results The results of intensive lipid-lowering treatment group IMT (1.06 ± 0.36) mm,plaque area (8.09 ± 0.47) mm3,the incidence rate of cerebral vascular events after 24 weeks (12％),serum lipid levels and regular dose group after treatment with IMT (1.19 ±0.39) mm,plaque area (9.91 ± 0.78) mm3,the incidence rate of cerebral vascular events after 24 weeks (18 ％),serum lipid levels after aspirin group were significantly reduced(P ＜ 0.05).Aspirin group before and after treatment,IMF,plaque area and lipid levels had no significant differences(P ＞ 0.05).Intensive lipid-lowering treatment group compared with the conventional dose group,IMT,plaque area and lipid levels improved obviously(P ＜ 0.05),the recurrence rate of ischemic cerebral vascular disease had significant difference compared with the other two groups (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Intensive lipid-lowering treatment on blood lipid levels,delay and reverse the carotid atherosclerosis is superior to conventional dose using fluvastatin group and simply antiplatelet group,and can prevent the recurrence of ischemic cerebrovascular disease.

BACKGROUND:Ion channel analytical technique has verified that huwentoxin is an N-type Ca2+channel blocker affecting on presynaptic membrane. OBJECTIVE:To observe the effects of N-type Ca2+channel blocker huwentoxin on expressions of tumor necrosis factorα, tumor necrosis factor receptor I, tumor necrosis factor receptor-related death domain, Fas-related death domain protein and Caspase 8 in the hippocampi of rat models of global cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury. METHODS:Rat models of global cerebral ischemia and subarachnoid catheter were established using Pulsinel i 4-vessel occlusion and then received infusion of huwentoxin or normal saline via a PE10 tube. Morphological changes in the mitochondria and ultrastructure of pyramidal neurons in the hippocampal CA1 region of rats with global cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury were observed using electron microscope. The expressions of tumor necrosis factorα, tumor necrosis factor receptor I, tumor necrosis factor receptor-related death domain, Fas-related death domain protein and Caspase 8 were measured using RT-PCR. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Huwentoxin could maintain the basic morphology of mitochondria of rats with global cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury and decrease the expressions of tumor necrosis factorα, tumor necrosis factor receptor I, tumor necrosis factor receptor-related death domain, Fas-related death domain protein and Caspase 8 mRNA. Results suggested that huwentoxin as a novel N-type Ca2+channel blocker could block extracellular Ca2+influx, reduce intracellular Ca2+concentration, diminish a series of pathological lesion induced by intracellular Ca2+overload, protect nerve cells, and lessen the injury to nerve cells of hippocampus after ischemia and hypoxia.

Objective:To study the effect of sevoflurane inhalation anesthesia on stress reaction and kynurenic acid ( KYNA) level in serum of the patients with laparoscopic cholecystectomy .Methods:Totally 48 patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy were randomly divided into two groups.Group S(n=24) received sevoflurane inhalation and group V (n=24) received intravenous general anesthesia.The levels of norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (E), cortisol (Cor), KYNA and neutrophil and the neutrophil/lympho-cyte ratio were measured at five time points, namely T1(before the anesthesia), T2 (just after the surgery) , T3(in the morning of the first day after the surgery ) , T4 ( in the morning of the second day after the surgery ) and T5 ( in the morning of the third day after the surgery).The correlation of Cor, NE, E and NLR with KYNA was studied as well.Results:The levels of Cor, NE and E at the three time points after the surgery (T2, T3 and T4) in group V were significantly higher than those before the surgery (T1) with statistically significant difference (P<0.05), while those in group S had no significant changes (P>0.05).And the levels of Cor, NE and E at the three time points after the surgery (T2, T3 and T4) in group S were markedly lower than those in group V at the same time point (P<0.05).After the surgery (T2, T3, T4 and T5), KYNA levels in group V were significantly decreased and NLR values in group V were significantly increased when compared with those of T 1.In group S, KYNA levels and NLR values after the surgery (T2, T3, T4 and T5) were markedly increased , which were higher than those in group V at the same time point with statistically significant difference (P<0.05).The correlation analysis indicated the level of KYNA displayed positive correlation with the levels of NLR , Cr, Z and E (P<0.05).Conclusion:Sevoflurane inhalation anesthesia can inhibit the increase of stress reaction and KYNA level in the patients with laparoscopic cholecystectomy , which may be related with its anti-in ammatory properties .

Objective To investigate the clinical features of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy. Methods The clinical manifestations and the findings of fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) and indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) of 7 eyes in 6 patients with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy were analyzed retrospectively. Results The ophthalmoscopic examination of PCV in this series of patients revealed orange-red lesions mainly in macular region in early stage, and then hemorrhage, exudation, edema, serous and (or) hemorrhagic detachment of retinal pigment epithelium in affected portions in advanced stage, and retinal and choroidal atrophy in late stage. FFA discovered the vascular dilation at the border of the choroidal vascular network in 1 eye, dotted hyperfluorescence in 6 eyes, and patches of hyperfluorescence in late phase. ICGA disclosed a vascular branching network in choroid with polypoid pattern of the terminal path of the vessels of network in early phase in 5 eyes, and the typical dotted or clustered polypoidal hyperfluorescence in 7 eyes in late phase. Conclusion The characteristic findings of FFA and ICGA are very diagnostic for PCV.

This study was aimed to evaluate the applicability of common Chinese word segmentation software used in the literature study of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) text,in order to put forward ideas on developing specialized TCM text word segmentation software.By means of installing and operating Chinese word segmentation software,the text segmentation experiment was conducted on TCM text samples.Aspects,such Chinese word segmentation accuracy,speed,maneuverability,reliability,extendibility,portability and other characteristics,were compared among different Chinese word segmentation software.The results showed that there were differences on the accuracy,speed,maneuverability,reliability,extendibility,portability among different Chinese word segmentation software.It was difficult to achieve best performance on different aspects by single software.Through the comparison of different Chinese word segmentation software,the Pan-Gu Segment software showed the best performance on accuracy,with good maneuverability,and high word segmentation efficiency,which was the most suitable for word segmentation in TCM text.It was concluded that developing specialized TCM text segmentation software may be the best solution to meet the requirement of text segmentation in TCM literature study.Basic studies should be strengthened from aspects,such as the construction of standard TCM copus,the completion of TCM dictionary base,the introduction,optimization and innovation of word segmentation algorithm,as well as the development of word segmentation software for TCM text.

Objective To determine the contents of methylophiopogonanone A (MOA) and methylophiopogonanone B (MOB) in Radix Ophiopogonis and its extracts. Methods An HPLC-UV method was used for determining the contents of MOA and MOB in all samples. Analytical column was Kromasil C18 (250 mm?4.6 mm, 5 ?m). Mobile phase was acetonitrle-water (55∶45) and detection wavelength was 298 nm. The flow rate of mobile phase was 1 mL/min, and temperature was 30 ℃. Results The contents of MOA in Radix Ophiopogonis cropped in Sichuan and Zhejiang Provinces were 0.004 0%-0.009 6%, 0.006 7%-0.013 4%, and the contents of MOB were 0.002 1%-0.006 2%, 0.015 9%-0.028 2%, respectively. The contents of MOA in the extract of Radix Ophiopogonis cropped in Sichuan and Zhejiang Provinces were 0.007 5%-0.008 8%, 0.011 2%-0.012 6%, and the contents of MOB were 0.003 8%-0.005 1%, 0.020 7%-0.023 8%, respectively. Conclusion The contents of MOA and MOB in Radix Ophiopogonis cropped in Zhejiang Province and its extracts are more than those in Sichuan Province and its extrouts. The method can be used for the purpose of the quality control of Radix Ophiopogonis and its extracts.

Objective To determinate the toxic elements in Radix Astragali by ICP-MS. Methods The elements of Cu, As, Cd, Hg, Pb, Al, Cr, Sn, Ba in Radix Astragali were analyzed by ICP-MS. Results There were toxic elements in Radix Astragali. The concentration of Cu, As, Cd, Hg and Pb were not over the limits of Chinese Pharmacopoeia, but the concentration of Al, Cr and Ba were over the levels of other elements obviously. Conclusions There are difference of residues of the 9 kinds of toxic elements. It’s necessary to establish the determination methods of toxic elements (especially Al, Sn, Cr and Ba) in Chinese herbal medicines and the limits of the related toxic elements.

Objective To study the clinical features, treatment strategy and prognosis of children and adolescent with spinal bone tumors. Methods Forty-three patients were retrospectively investigated from January 1987 to June 2002, thirty-one of which were male, and the others were female. The age of patients ranged from 3 to 16 years with an average of 11.8 years. The pathological examination suggested that tumor-like conditions were 11 cases (25.6%), benign tumors 13 cases (30.2%), and malignant tumors 19 cases (44.2%). The cervical vertebrae tumors were 15 cases, thoracic vertebrae 16 cases, lumbar vertebrae 6 cases, and sacral vertebrae 6 cases. Treatment included: 1 case of malignant lymphoma was only subjected to chemotherapy; and the others were undertaken tumor resection and bone grafting to fusion with or without internal fixation. All patients of malignant tumors were performed adjuvant radiotherapy or chemotherapy after operation. Results The follow-up period was from 1 to 10 years with an average of 4.3 years. All patients of benign tumors obtained satisfied outcomes with local symptom and neural deficits improved, and no tumor recurrence happened. 6 cases (2 cases of primitive neural ectodermal tumor, 1 case of Ewing's sarcoma, 1 case of neuroblastoma, 1 case of plasma cell sarcoma and 1 case of chondrosarcoma) of malignant patients were died from metastasis and systemic failure, and the ratio was 14% and 31.6% of total and malignant tumor respectively. One case of bone giant cell tumor and 1 case of Schwannoma got recurrence at 2.5 years and 10 months after operation respectively. Conclusion For patients of children and adolescent with spinal bone tumors, the prognosis of the benign is better if tumors were removed radically. However, the patients with malignant tumors had worse prognosis with higher recurrent or death rate, and its prognosis is closely correlated to tumor's characters, operation strategy, and extending postoperative therapy.

AIM: To investigate the effect of sodium ferulate on phosphorylation of heat shock protein 27(HSP27) in vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMCs) induced by angiotensin Ⅱ(AngⅡ) and platelet derived growth factor-BB(PDGF-BB).METHODS: Cultured VSMCs derived from rat thoracic aorta were used.The activity of HSP27 was evaluated by Western blotting with specific phospho-HSP27 antibody.RESULTS: The phosphorylation of HSP27 in response to AngⅡ and PDGF-BB was suppressed by sodium ferulate in a dose-dependent manner,with maximal inhibition rates of 39.0%(P