This paper reviews the concept and structure of Virtual Instruments and the application of VB6.0 to Virtual Instruments. As an example, an acquisition and procession apparatus of EEG signals based on VB6.0 and virtual instruments is introduced in detail.

Objective To assess the risk factors of carbapenem -resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) infection.Methods Clinical data of patients with positive bacterial culture in Tianjin Medical University General Hospital during January 2011 and December 2015 were retrospectively analyzed, including 68 patients with carbapenem resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) bacteremia, 68 patients with carbapenem sensitive Acinetobacter baumannii ( CSAB) bacteremia, and 68 patients with positive culture of other bacteria (control group).The risk factors of Acinetobacter baumannii infection were analyzed by univatiate and multivariate Logistic regression analyses .Results Univariate analysis showed that bacteremia /sepsis,use of carbapenems,β-lactamase inhibitor compound,tigecycline,combined antibiotics, glucocorticoids,surgery within one month, mechanical ventilation, central venous catheters ( CVCs ), arteriopuncture,indwelling catheter≥3 days and indwelling gastric tube were risk factors of CRAB infection (CRAB vs.control: χ2 =4.96,15.56,7.64,9.22,5.89,6.80,17.00,11.83,18.22,8.24,25.24 and 7.70, P <0.05 or P <0.01, respectively); while use of third-generation cephalosporin,CVCs,length of hospital stay were risk factors of CSAB infection (CSAB vs.control: χ2 =11.93 and 6.94,U =1555, P <0.05).Multivariate logistic analysis showed that bacteremia /sepsis (OR =4.01, 95%CI:1.13 ~14.20), use of carbapenems (OR =4.17, 95%CI :1.79 ~9.73), CVCs (OR =2.93, 95% CI: 1.22 ~7.08), indwelling catheter≥3 days (OR =6.08,95%CI:2.39 ~15.46) were independent risk factors of CRAB infection; use of third-generation cephalosporin (OR =3.98, 95% CI :1.88 ~8.43 ),CVCs(OR =3.40, 95% CI:1.48 ~7.81) were independent risk factors of CSAB infection .Conclusions Long-term use of carbapenems and invasive procedures are associated with CRAB infection , strict control of invasive procedures and rational use of antibiotics may reduce CRAB infection .

Objective To evaluate the clinical application of the whole blood interferon γ(IFN-γ) release assay of QuantiFERON TB Gold in tube (QFT-GIT) in diagnosis of tuberculosis. Methods From October 2014 to October 2015, 109 patients with tuberculosis (45 cases of confirmed patients and 64 cases of clinically diagnosed patients) and 70 patients with non-tuberculosis were enrolled in Tianjin Medical University General Hospital. In order to evaluate diagnosis value between two kinds of tests, and to compare the differences between two groups, QFT-GIT test and colloidal gold anti tuberculosis antibody (TB-Ab) were employed to detect in two groups of patients. The ROC curve of IFN-γrelease quantity was analyzed in two groups. Results The sensitivity and specificity of QFT-GIT were 93.58% and 85.71% respectively. The positive rate was significantly higher in QFT-GIT than that of TB-Ab (χ2=43.68,P<0.01). The sensitivity of combined detection of the two methods decreased to 52.3% (57/109), but the specificity increased to 90.0% (63/70). The release quantity of IFN-γwas significantly higher in tuberculosis group than that in the non-tuberculosis group (U=330,P<0.05). The area under the ROC curve of IFN-γrelease quantity was 0.913 (95%CI:0.864-0.963). Conclusion The whole blood IFN-γrelease assay of QFT-GIT is a sensitive and specific assay for detecting tuberculosis infection. The combination QFT-GIT with TB-Ab can improve the specificity further, which could be a useful tool for the diagnosis of tuberculosis .

Objective To explore the current research status and frontier hotspot of task-state functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI)based on language task in the field of neuropsychiatric diseases. Methods Literature about the application of task-state fMRI based on language task in neuropsychiatric disorders was re-trieved from CNKI,VIP and Web of Science Core Collection databases up to November 12nd,2023.The includ-ed literature was analyzed using CiteSpace and VOSviewer. Results A total of 91 literatures were included.The researches about application of task-state fMRI based on language task in the field of neuropsychiatric disorders were reported since 2002,and developed uniformly;particularly for the diagnosis and treatment of stroke,brain tumors,epilepsy,schizophrenia and other neuropsychiatric disorders,as well as in studies of brain functional connectivity.Research hotspots included mechanisms of aphasia recov-ery,brain functional changes,functional connectivity and language laterality.Journals of psychology,education and sociology played the core role,disciplines such as neurology also contributed to the advancement of this tech-nology. Conclusion Task-state fMRI based on language task demonstrates significant potential in elucidating the mechanisms of how the brain processes language in neuropsychiatric disorders.

Objective:To analyze the distribution and drug resistance of pathogens of bacterial bloodstream infection in patients with hematological diseases in the Department of Hematology of Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, and to provide etiological data for clinical empirical anti-infection treatment.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the general clinical information, pathogenic bacteria and drug susceptibility test results of patients with hematological diseases diagnosed with bacterial bloodstream infection by menstrual blood culture in our center from January 2016 to December 2022.Results:Patients included 498 inpatients, with a total of 639 bacterial strains. Among the patients, 86.9% patients had malignancies, and 76.7% had agranulocytosis. Symptoms of concurrent infections, including those of the respiratory tract, oral mucosa, skin and soft tissues, and abdominal sources were observed in 68.3% patients. Gram-negative bacteria (G -) accounted for 79.0% of the isolated bacteria, and gram-positive bacteria (G +) accounted for 21.0%. The top five isolated pathogens were Klebsiella pneumoniae (22.5%), Escherichia coli (20.8%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (15.0%), Enterococcus faecium (5.5%), and Stenotrophomonas maltophilum (5.0%). Escherichia coli exhibited a decreasing trend of resistance to quinolones, cephalosporins, and carbapenems. Klebsiella pneumoniae exhibited increasing rates of resistance to quinolones and cephalosporins between 2016 and 2018, but the rated decreased after 2019. The resistance rate to carbapenems exhibited by Pseudomonas aeruginosa was approximately 20%. Carbapenem-resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains were first detected in 2017, with a peak resistance rate of 35.7%, detected in 2019. A 60.0% resistance rate to methicillin was observed in methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (MRCNS), and one case of linezolid-resistant MRCNS was detected. Conclusions:Pathogenic bacteria of bacterial bloodstream infections were widely distributed in our center, and precautions are warranted against carbapenem resistant P. aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae.