Objective To investigate the influence of different types of pneumoperitoneum on the ultrastructure of the extraperitoneal muscular tissues in rats. Methods By using pulse-mode or constant-pressure mode insufflators,we established CO2 pneumoperitoneum in 80 rats (40 for each) with the pressure set at 15 mmHg. At 60,90,120 and 180 minutes after the insufflation,the muscular tissues below the peritoneum of the rats (10 rats at each time point) were obtained to observe the ultrastructural change under a transmission electron microscope (TEM). Ten rats that received anesthesia only were set as a control. Results In both the groups,vacuolar degeneration was found in the myocytes below the peritoneum after 60 minutes of pneumoperitoneum,and became more and more marked with time. Moreover,the phenomenon was more significant in the pulse-mode insufflator group,in which,we observed widened gaps and vacuoles among the myocytes at 180 minutes after the insufflation,while in the other group,such changes were not apparently detected. Conclusions CO2 pneumoperitoneum may injure the muscular tissues below the peritoneum in rats. Constant-pressure mode insufflator is helpful to decrease such an injury.

Objective To compare the long-term prognosis of patients with stage Ⅰ endometrial cancer (EMC) after laparoscopic surgery or open laparotomy. Methods Totally 83 patients with stage Ⅰ EMC who underwent laparoscopic surgery or open laparotomy between 1993 and 2008 were enrolled in this study. The clinical data were analyzed retrospectively to compare the survival time during long-term follow-up between the two groups. Results The total survival rate was 95.2% (79/83) in the 83 cases. The median survival time was 77,51,and 31 months respectively in stages Ⅰa,Ⅰb,and Ⅰc EMC patients. No significant difference was found in the survival rate between open and laparoscopy groups [94.2% (49/52) vs 96.8% (30/31),Z=0.028,P=0.978]. For the stage Ⅰa,stages Ⅰb and Ⅰc,and G2 and G3 patients,the median survival time was similar between the open and laparoscopy groups (80 month vs 63 months,P=0.483; 49 months vs 48 months,P=0.781; and 51 months vs 49 months,P=0.635). However,in the G1 patients,significantly difference was detected in the median survival time between the two groups (77 vs 51 months,P=0.037). Conclusion Laparoscopic surgery should be used as a routine surgical approach for patients with stage Ⅰ EMC considering its minimal invasiveness and promising prognosis.

Bromodomain and extra-terminal domain(BET)Bromodomain has become a new target for the treatment of cancers and other human disorders. Nowadays,several classes of its potent and selective small-molecule inhibitors have been identified,many of which are in clinical trials. Preclinical and clinical data have shown that BET Bromodomain inhibitors have good prospects. Howev-er,there are potential therapeutic deficiencies,such as drug resistance. At present,attempts are being made to develop BET Bromodo-main inhibitors and degraders based on polypharmacology,combining BET Bromodomain with other targets of different mechanisms. In this paper,small-molecule kinase/BET inhibitors,small-molecule histone deacetylases(HDAC)/BET inhibitors and BET protein degraders are reviewed,which may provide guidance for further research on BET protein.

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of the postoperative analgesia after thoracotomy with different patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA)medication.Methods One hundred and twenty ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients scheduled for elective thoracic surgery were randomly di-vided into four groups according to different PCIA formula:group S received sufentanil 3 μg/kg;group SD received sufentanil 1.5 μg/kg plus dezocine 0.3 mg/kg;group SF received sufentanil 1.5μg/kg plus flurbiprofen axetil 3 mg/kg;group DF received dezocine 0.3 mg/kg plus flurbiprofen ax-etil 3 mg/kg.For all four goups,the applied medicine was diluted with 0.9% saline to 300 ml,and was infused at 5 ml/h with a bolus dose of 3 ml.The lockout time was set at 1 5 min.The VAS and Ramsay sedation scale were recorded 2,4,8,24,48 h after surgery,respectively.Total pressing times and the side effects were also recorded for the 24 h period after the surgery.Results There were no significant differences of the VAS score at the time 2,4,8,24 and 48 h post surgery of press num-bers within 24 h postoperatively among all groups.The Ramsay sedation scale was significantly high-er at the time 2,4,8,24 h after surgery in group S than those in other three groups (P <0.05).The side effects were more in group S than those in other three groups (P <0.05).Conclusion Compared with sufentanil alone,combination therapy is safer and more effective for analgesia after thoracic sur-gery.With good outcomes and less side effects,it deserves more consideration in clinics.

Aim To study the protective effects of dipfluzine against the whole cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury and its mechanisms.Methods Four-vessel occlusion method was used to make the cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model.In early period of reperfusion,several including LDH,MDA,SOD and brain water content were tested.And in the late period of reperfusion,the delayed neuronal death and amnesia induced by reperfusion were studied.Results The contents of brain water and MDA were increased,and the activities of SOD and LDH were decreased after ischemia and reperfusion injury.The hippocampal structure and memory of rats were also destroyed in the delayed neuronal death.Dip reversed the changes obviously.It had antagonistic effect on brain edema and lipid oxidation,it also protected the neurons of hippocampal CA1 regions from ischemia injury.Conclusion Dip had protective effects on the early stage of reperfusion injury,and delayed neuronal death after the whole cerebral ischemia and reperfusion,which were possibly due to the antagonistic effect on lipid peroxidation.

ObjectiveTo explore the effects of enteral nutrition (EN) on intestinal permeability in patients with active ulcerative colitis (AUC). MethodsTwenty-four A UC patients were randomly divided into two groups:routine treatment group (n =11 ) and routine treatment plus EN group (n =13). Patients in routine treatment group were treated with mesalazine as well as low-residue diet, while patients in routine treatment plus EN group received mesalazine and short peptide EN for 14 days. The ratio of lactulose to mannitol in urine (L/M) before and after treatment was detected by high-performance liquid chromatography. ResultsThe L/M ratio was 0. 039 ± 0. 025 in routine treatment group and 0.072 ± 0.019 in routine treatment plus EN group (P =0.069). After 2 weeks of treatment, the L/M ratio of routine treatment plus EN group (0.038 ± 0.012 ) was significantly lower than the pretreatment level (P =0.043 ), while the L/M ratio of routine treatment group between before and after treatment had no significant difference (0.039 ± 0.025 vs. 0.032 ± 0.022, P =0.730). ConclusionEN can effectively improve the intestinal permeability in AUC patients.

OBJECTIVE:To study the mechanism of Aurantii fructus immaturus(AFI)and its main active ingredients in pro-moting gastrointestinal motility of model rats with spleen deficiency. METHODS:170 rats were randomly divided into blank group (10 rats) and modeling group (160 rats),rats in modeling group was induced models with spleen deficiency by bitter cold diar-rhea+irregular diet. After modeling, rats were randomly divided into model group, naringin (NA) low-dose, medium-lose, high-dose groups(3.267,6.535,13.070 mg/mL),neohesperidin(NE)low-dose,medium-lose,high-dose groups(3.865,7.730, 15.460 mg/mL),synephrine(SY)low-dose,medium-lose,high-dose groups(0.252,0.504,1.008 mg/mL),compatibility groups with 3 monomer ingredients (NA-NE-SY) low-dose,medium-lose,high-dose and AFI water decoction low-dose,medium-lose, high-dose groups(0.104,0.208,0.416 g/mL,calculated by crude drug),ig,once a day,10 mL/kg,for 7 d. After the last admin-istration,gastrin (GAS) in serum,and acetylcholine (ACh),motilin (MTL),substance P (SP),vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)levels in plasma were detected. RESULTS:Compared with blank group,GAS level in serum and ACh,MTL,SP levels in plasma in model group were reduced(P<0.01),VIP level in plasma was increased(P<0.05). Compared with model group,ex-cept for the GAS level in serum showed no obvious change in NA high-dose group and SY doses groups,other medicine groups were obviously increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01);the ACh levels in serum were obviouly increased in NE high-dose group,SY high-dose group and AFI water decoction low-dose group(P<0.01). MTL levels in plasma were obviously increased in NE medi-um-dose,high-dose groups,SY high-dose group,compatibility low-dose,medium-dose groups and AFI water decoction medi-um-dose,high-lose groups (P<0.05);SP levels in plasma were obviously increased in NA low-dose,medium-dose groups and NE doses groups(P<0.05 or P<0.01);VIP levels were reduced in NA low-dose group,SY high-dose group and AFI water decoc-tion low-dose,medium-lose groups(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:AFI may promote the gastrointestinal motility of model rats with spleen deficiency by promoting the secretion of GAS,ACh,MTL,and inhibiting the secretion of VIP;there are differences be-tween AFI and the 3 monomer ingredients in regulation of gastrointestinal hormones.

Objective To explore mechnism and effect of fentanyl on proliferation of gastric cancer SGC-7901 cell.Methods Gastric cancer SGC-7901 cell was cultured with fentanyl of 0 (negative control), 0.5, 5 and 50 nmol/L, MTT method was used to detect the effect of fentanyl on SGC-7901 viability.The effect of fentanyl on SGC-7901 cell cycle was measured by flow cytometry.The level of cell related protein,cell cycle protein cyclin D1, Bcl-2.Results Compared with control group, fentanyl (0.5, 5, 50 nmol/L) could inhibit SGC-7901 cell viability, and the inhibitory rate was highest at 48 h.0.5, 5, 50 nmol/L fentanyl made cell cycle arrested in G1 phase.Compared with control group, fentanyl can significantly inhibit cyclinD1 and Bcl-2 expression with drug concentration increasing(P<0.05).Conclusion These results suggeste fentanyl inhibit proliferation of gastric cancer SGC-7901 cell.

Objective To investigate the species,density and distribution of the overwintering adult mosquitoes in Taibaihu District,Jining City. Methods The overwintering adult mosquitoes were monitored by visual observation in Taibaihu District, Jining City from December 2015 to March 2016. The mosquitoes were collected and dissected to observe the body fat accumula?tion and ovarian development situation. Results Totally 1 677 mosquitoes were captured and all of them were Culex pipiens pal?lens. The highest positive rate of overwintering mosquitoes was in sweet potato cellars and greenhouses,with the positive rates of mosquitoes of 98.25%(56/57)and 81.36%(48/59)respectively. The accumulation of the fat body in the female mosquitoes plummeted from late February,and disappeared in middle March. Conclusions The adults of Culex pipiens pallens can over?winter in Taibaihu District,Jining City,and locate in sweet potato cellars and greenhouses mainly. The control work of adult mosquitoes should be strengthened in the overwintering period.

We analyzed genetic evolution characteristics of avian influenza A (H7N9) virus isolated in Zhaoqing,China,2014-2016.Nucleic acid were extracted and sequenced from 17 samples of H7N9 positive cases in Zhaoqing.Genetic characteristics of homology and important amino acid sites were analyzed by using BioEdit5.0 and MEGA6.0.The evolutionary trees were constructed by Neighbor-Joining and the referenced sequences were downloaded from GenBank,Eight nucleic acid fragments from 7 strains of H7N9 viruses were successfully generated.The highest homology was found in HA gene with A/chicken/Dongguan/695/2014(H7N9),and NA gene with A/chicken/Dongguan/1075/2014(H7N9).The internal genes were high homology with avian H7N9 and H9N2 virus from Dongguan and Shenzhen in Guangdong,China.The HA and NA genes were directly evolved in the Pearl River Delta evolution branch with the H7N9 sequences from the cities of Dongguan,Guangzhou and Shenzhen,while the sequences from the provinces of Anhui,Zhejiang,and Jiangsu were in the Yangtze River Delta evolution branch.There were 2 alkaline amino acids in cleavage site of HA,2 mutations (G186V and Q226L) in the crucial sites related with the receptor of HA protein,1 mutation (E627K) in PB2 protein,and 1 drug resistance mutation (S31N) in M2 protein.And no evidence of neuraminidase resistance in NA protein was found.In conclusion,the H7N9 virus for human infection in Zhaoqing may originate from avian H7N9 and H9N2 viruses,which circulated in the Pearl River Delta region of Guangdong from 2013 to 2014.The mutations of G186V,Q226L and E627 K might be related with high susceptibility to human beings.