Objective To investigate the effect of high mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB1) on inter-leukin-2 (1L-2) and interleukin-2 receptor α (IL-2α) expressions in human T lymphocytes and its potential regulat-ing mechanism in vitro. Method Human T lymphocytes were isolated and suspended, the cells were cultured with 20 μg/mL phytohemagglutinin (PHA) in 5% CO_2 at 37 ℃, recombinant human HMGB1 (rhHMGB1, 0, 10, 100, 1000 ng/mL) was added with the PHA and cultures were centrifuged at 12 and 48 hours for cell collect-ing. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) amplification was perfomed to determine gene ex-pressions of IL-2, IL-2Rα. IL-2, sIL-2R protein levels in cell culture supematants were measured by ELIZA. Re-sults After coincubated with rhHMGB1 (10, 100, and 1000 ng/mL) for 12 hours, IL-2 levels in cell culture su-pernatants respectively were 0 . 064 ± 0. 017 μg/L, 0.076±0.033 μg/L, and 0.061 ±0.02 μg/L, which were significantly higher compared with the untreated cells (0.045±0.011 μg/L, P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Mean-while, IL-2 mRNA expression was markedly up-regulated following rhHMGB1 stimulation in various doses (F = 4.6872, P < 0.01). At 48 bourn, however, both IL-2 mRNA expression and protein production tended to de-crease along with an increased dose of dd-IMGB1 stimulationn. IL-2/sIL-2R ratio in 1000 ng/mL rhHMGB1 was markedly lower than that in 10 ng/ml rhHMGB1 (0.036±0.015 vs.0.055±0.017, P <0.05), together with down-regulation of IL-2Rα mRNA expression(P <0.01). Conclusions These data indieated that HMGBI could marked influence the IL-2/IL-2R expression in human T lymphocytes. With the increase in stimulating doses and prolongation of time, HMGBI might down-regulate T cell-mediated immune response of human lymphocytes.

This article describes the progress of developing the training base and training methods for bronchoscopists at Changhai hospital in recent years,and then discusses the potential issues and solutions that might occure in the course of training,and finally explores the model and methodology to optimize the training program for Chinese bronchosocpists.

Objective This study was performed to investigate the effect of high mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB 1) on immune function of human T lymphocytes in vitro and explore its potential role in cell-mediated immune dysfunction.Methods Fresh blood was obtained from healthy adult volunteers and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated,then rhHMGB 1 was added to PBMCs.Four-color flow cytometric (FCM) analysis was used for the measurement of intracellular cytokine including interleukin Results (1) Different stimulating time and dosage of rhHMGB 1 did not alter the number of IFN-a positive cells (Th 1).rhHMGB 1 stimulation provoked a dose-dependent and time-dependent increase in Th2 subset and decrease in ratio of Th 1 to Th2.(2) Compared with the untreated cells,when the cells were coincubated with rhHMGB 1 (10-100ng/ml) for 12 hrs,protein release of IL-2 and sIL-2R were significantly up-regulated.At 48 hrs,in contrast,protein production was relatively lower in cells after exposure to 100-1000 ng/ml rhHMGBI.Conclusions These findings demonstrated that HMGB1 has a dual influence on immune functions of human T lymphocytes.

Objective To elucidate the influence of fetal genotype in both non-diabetic gravidas and pregnant women on gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) through analysis of the genotype discrepancy between maternal and fetal Pro12A1a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 2 (PPARG2) genes.Methods Pregnant women,who delivered in the Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University from October 2005 to February 2007,and their newborn babies were selected,and were divided into GDM and control group.The GDM group consisted of 55 gravidas with GDM and 40 newborns born to the GDM mothers,and the control group consisted of 173 healthy gravidas and their 50 neonates.Polymerase chain reaction-denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography was applied to detect the distribution of PPARG2 Pro12Ala alleles in all subjects.The concentrations of plasma fasting blood sugar (FBS) and several bio-markers of lipids,including total cholesterol,triglyceride,apoprotein A,high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein,were also tested for the mothers.Results (1) No significant difference was found in the frequencies of Pro/Pro genotype between the GDM mothers and control mothers (94.6% vs 90.8%,P > 0.05),nor between the GDM offspring and control offspring (95.0% vs 94.0%,P >0.05) or between the GDM mothers and GDM offspring (P > 0.05).The same was shown in the frequencies of Pro/Ala genotype both between the GDM mothers and control mothers (5.5% vs 9.2%,P >0.05) and between the GDM offspring and control offspring (2.5% vs 3.0%,P > 0.05).(2) Within both GDM and control group,the maternal FBS and various lipids concentrations of Pro/ Pro genotype gravidas showed no significant difference compared to those of Pro/Ala genotype mothers (P > 0.05).(3) Based on the four possible PPARG2 genotype pairs between the mothers and fetuses,Pro/Pro mother and her Pro/Pro fetus,Pro/Ala mother and her Pro/Ala fetus,Pro/Ala mother and her Pro/Pro fetus,and Pro/Pro mother and her Pro/Ala fetus,less Pro/Pro pairs and more Pro/Ala pairs were found in the GDM group than in the control (72.5% vs 92.0%,P=0.014; 27.5% vs 6.0%,P< 0.05).Conclusions Neither the maternal nor the offspring's Pro/Ala genotypes is associated with the genesis of GDM.However,the discrepancy of PPARG2 Prol2Ala polymorphism between mother and her fetus implies a possible cause of GDM.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with autologous and half consistency allograft cytokines induced killer cells combined with chemotherapy. Methods We selected 42 patients with NSCLC patients as the research object. According to the group matching principle, the cases were divided into three groups: autologous CIK cells combination chemotherapy group, half consistency allograft CIK cells combination chemotherapy group, pure chemotherapy group. The autologous and allograft CIK cellular immune therapy of security, flow cytometric analysis technique (FCM) comparisons between before and after the treatment group infusion in vivo T lymphocyte subsets changes, and three treatment group clinical short-term curative effect were used in the comparison.Results FCM detection results show that CIK cell infusion after, CD+3, CD+4 / CD+8 ratio, NK cells (CD+3 CD+56)and CIK cells (CD+3 CD+56) ratio obviously higher than before treatment, autologous infusion before treatment,respectively (47.2±10.1) %, 1.0±0.1, (15.1±2.7) %, (0.7±0.2) %. After treatment respectively (58.8±12.3) %,1.3±0.2, (24.6±7.1) %, (3.8±2.2) %; Allograft infusion before treatment for (49.4±11.4) %, 0.9±0.2, (14.8±3.2) %, (0.9±0.3) % for after treatment (57.3±9.2) %, 1.4±0.3, (25.4±6.7) %, (4.3 ± 2.6) % (t = 22, 20, 19,P ＜ 0.05), and the pure chemotherapy group before and after the treatment T lymphocyte subsets level has not seen the obvious change. Clinical short-term curative effect comparison, autologous and allograft CIK cell therapy group objective efficient and disease control rates are slightly higher than the pure chemotherapy group, but the difference was not statistically significant. Respectively 21.4 %, 57.1%, and 35.7 %, 28.6 %,64.3 %, 71.4 % (x2=38.85, x2=41.24, P ＞ 0.05). Conclusion Autologous or half consistency allograft CIK cellular immune therapy is good safety and low toxicity, have certain short-term curative effect, which can effectively slowed tumor recurrence, is a worthy of popularizing clinically tumor adjuvant treatment mode.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of phosphorus (P) deficiency on the morphological and functional characteristics of erythrocytes in cows. Forty Holstein-Friesian dairy cows in mid-lactation were randomly divided into two groups of 20 each and were fed either a low-P diet (0.03% P/kg dry matter [DM]) or a control diet (0.36% P/kg DM). Red blood cell (RBC) indices results showed RBC and mean corpuscular hemoglobin decreased while mean corpuscular volume increased significantly (p < 0.05) in P-deficient cows. Erythrocyte morphology showed erythrocyte destruction in P-deficient cows. Erythrocytes' functional characteristics results showed total bilirubin and indirect bilirubin concentrations and aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase activity levels in the serum of P-deficient cows were significantly higher than those in control diet-fed cows. Activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in erythrocytes were lower, while the malondialdehyde content was greater, in P-deficient cows than in control diet-fed cows. Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase and Mg²⁺-ATPase activities were lower in P-deficient cows than in control diet-fed cows; however, Ca²⁺-ATPase activity was not significantly different. The phospholipid composition of the erythrocyte membrane changed and membrane fluidity rigidified in P-deficient cows. The results indicate that P deficiency might impair erythrocyte integrity and functional characteristics in cows.
Alanine Transaminase ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; Bilirubin ; Diet ; Erythrocyte Indices ; Erythrocyte Membrane ; Erythrocytes ; Glutathione Peroxidase ; Malondialdehyde ; Membrane Fluidity ; Phosphorus* ; Superoxide Dismutase

Objective The small-diameter titanium-zirconium implants were used to repair the missing posterior teeth.The status of soft and hard tissue around the implants and the possible mechanical complications were observed and the clinical efficacy was evaluated.Methods 20 patients (24 implants) who were treated with small-diameter SLActive titanium-zirconium soft-tissue level implants (diameter 3.3 mm) in the posterior teeth area were selected as observation groups.25 patients (30 implants) were treated with standard-diameter SLA titanium soft-tissue level implants (4.1 mm) in the posterior teeth region were selected as controls.We measured and documented the implant stability quotient (ISQ);6 months after implant treatment,we recorded implant marginal bone loss (MBL),modified plaque index (mPLI),modified sulcus bleeding index (mSBI) and probing depth (PD) and documented the possible mechanical complications.Results The ISQ value in the observation group maintained an upward trend within 12 weeks after the operation;the ISQ value in the control group was low at 4 weeks and then increased steadily.There was no significant difference in MBL,mPLI,mSBI and PD between the two groups after six months of ending treatment.No mechanical complications occurred in either group.Conclusions Small-diameter titaniumzirconium implants repairing the missing posterior teeth have a good soft and hard organizational status and short-term clinical efficacy.