BACKGROUND:The new technique of spinal nonfusion is used for intervention of early spinal diseases. It can protect the spine motion function and treat the patients either. The interspinous U titanium alloy belongs to the new technique of spinal nonfusion. And this investigation will be a hot spot in the spinal nonfusion technique. OBJECTIVE:To explore the clinical mechanical property of spinal nonfusion interspinous U titanium alloy. DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:Comparative observation. All patients were selected from the Department of Orthopaedics of Changhai Hospital between June 2006 and December 2007. PARTICIPANTS:A total of 28 patients with degenerative intervertebral disk protrusion and dynamic spinal stenosis,including 23 male and 5 female aged 41 to 58 years old. METHODS:All patients were randomly divided into two groups:intervertebral disectomy alone (n=20):affected segments were removed; implantation group (n=8):affected segments were removed and interspinous U titanium alloy was implanted following interspinous ligament. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:The height of the intervertebral space and vertebral canal area of the affected segment as well as JOA scores for lumbar vertebra postoperatively and during follow-up. RESULTS:All 28 patients were included in the final analysis. The height of the intervertebral space and vertebral canal area of the affected segment in implantation group were significantly increased compared with intervertebral disectomy alone group (P

Objective To investigate the expressions of peripheral type benzodiazepine receptor (PBR) and steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) of testis in rats with chronic ethanol feeding.Methods Forty rats were treated with different ethanol dosages for twenty weeks, the morphology of testis and protein expressions of PBR and StAR were observed.Results In the ethanol-feeding rats, seminiferous tubular wall of testes became thin and the layer of germ cells was significantly reduced, moreover, the broken spermatozoon′s flagella were frequently observed and few integrated spermatozoa were produced.Compared with control group, the protein expressions of PBR and StAR protein were reduced by 13.8%, 20.9%, 50.4% and 34.5%, 37.7%, 95.2% in low-, middle- and high-dose ethanol feeding group respectively by immunoprecipitation.Similarly, both locating at interstitial cells in testes were also decreased by 33.27 %, 37.71 %, 63.59 % and 27.12 %, 51.84 %, 58.41% in the same ethanol feeding groups respectively by immunohistochemistry.Conclusion Both PBR and StAR protein expressions are decreased in interstitial cells of testes in chronic ethanol-feeding rats, which shows positive correlation with ethanol dosage.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of thyroid nodules and thyroid dysfunction in southern mountainouss areas of Ningxia.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among a representative sample of 10 639 adults in Jingyuan county with a population proportionate sampling method.High-resolution ultrasound was used to examine the thyroid and fasting blood specimens were collected in the morning for measurement of TSH,FT4,FT3.Chi-square test and spearman rank correlation analysis were used for statistical analysis.Results The prevalence of thyroid nodules was 29.08％,the sex-and age-adjusted rate was 27.17％.The prevalence of thyroid nodules was higher in women than in men (32.68％ vs.24.88％,x2=76.029 2,P＜0.001) and age was positively associated with thyroid nodules (r=0.272,P＜0.001).The rate of thyroid dysfunetion,subclinical hypothyroidism,subclinical hyperthyroidism,hypothyroidism,hyperthyroidism were 17.39％,13.00％,0.42％,0.96％,3.01％,respectively.The prevalence of thyroid nodules was higher in abnormal TSH group than in normal TSH group (39.44％ vs.27.24％,x2=95.624 0,P＜0.001).The level of THS,FT3,FT4 in thyroid nodules group differed fromn control group (Z=-9.144,P＜0.001;Z=-6.140,P＜0.001;Z=-1.997,P=0.046).Conclusion The prevalence of thyroid nodules and thyroid dysfunction were higher in southern mountainous areas of Ningxia.The relationship between thyroid nodules and thyroid function needs further research.We should pay attention to the early screening and diagnosis of thyroid nodules in mountainous areas.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) among adults in rural areas of Ningxia Hui autonomous region.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in 10 639 adults enrolled with a multistage method from Jingyuan County.The MS was identified according to Chinese type 2 diabetes prevention guide (2013).Results Among all the subjects, 17.4% of them met the MS definition with the standardized prevalence of 14.7% after adjustment of sex and age.The prevalence and standardized rate of MS in men were 19.9% and 17.3%, and in women were 15.3% and 13.5%.The prevalence of MS in men was higher than that in women(P<0.001) and increased with aging in both genders.The prevalence and standardized rate of abdominal obesity,hyperglycemia,hypertension,high triglycerides,and low HDL-C were 19.5% and 16.7%, 15.0% and 12.9%, 42.0% and 37.1%, 25.8% and 23.1%, 28.5% and 27.7%,respectively.The rate of abdominal obesity was higher in women than in men (20.5% vs 18.2%, P=0.004), whereas the rate of hypertension, high triglycerides, and low HDL-C were higher in men than in women (all P<0.01).The prevalence of having one parameter of the MS was 68.4%.Conclusion The prevalence of MS is higher in rural areas of Ningxia Hui autonomous region, suggesting that a series of comprehensive prevention measures should be carried out to prevent and control the MS so as to improve the public health conditions in rural areas.

Objective To investigate the prevalences of the obesity and hypertension in southern mountain regions of Ningxia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among a representative sample of 10 639 adults using questionnaires, physical examinations, and blood pressure measurement in southern mountain areas with a population proportionate sampling method. Results The prevalences of overweight,obesity,central obesity,high percentage of body fat,and hypertension were 33.53%,10.71%,19.50%,27.69%,and 31.57% respectively, which were 30.31%,9.62%,16.70%,24.90%,and 27.61% after age-adjustment in rural areas of Ningxia,and increased with aging(Ptrend<0.05). The prevalences of overweight,obesity,and hypertension were higher in males than those in females(P<0.05),and that of central obesity was higher in females than in males(P=0.003).The prevalences of hypertension in subjects with overweight, obesity, central obesity, high percentage of body fat were 38. 14%, 53.75%,52.69%,and 48.90%,respectively. Body mass index,waist circumference,and percentage of body fat were positively correlated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure(P<0.05). The multivariable logistic model revealed that the risk of hypertension in different types of obesity increased about 1.5 times. Conclusion There is high prevalence of obesity and hypertension among the adults in southern mountain areas of Ningxia. The prevalence of hypertension in obesity,central obesity,and high percentage of body fat is closed to or more than half of the population investigated.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and further analyze the application prospects of the combined multitarget fecal FIT-DNA assay in the early screening of colorectal cancer.Methods Subjects were selected from a population attending the Inner Mongolia Medical University Hospital.Each subject underwent a combined multi-target fecal FIT-DNA test(experimental group),a serum tumor marker test and enteroscopy(control group).The pathological results were used as the gold standard to evaluate the efficacy of novel fecal molecular testing techniques for colorectal cancer screening with timely intervention given to screen positive individuals.Results The data of 115 individuals were analyzed.Serum tumor markers test had a sensitivity of 63.2%(43/68)and a specificity of 74.5%(35/47).The enteroscopy had a sensitivity of 97.1%(66/68)and a specificity of 80.7%(38/47);the combined multitarget fecal FIT-DNA test had a sensitivity of 89.7%(61/68)and a specificity of 87.2%(41/47).Conclusion The sensitivity and specificity of multitarget fecal FIT-DNA combined detection are better than those of serum tumor marker detection.Although its sensitivity is lower than enteroscopy,its operation is simpler and can be tested at home.

Objective To explore the expression of long non-coding ribonucleic acid(lncRNA)metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1(MALAT1)and nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1(NEAT1)in the hippocampus and HT22 cells of hypoxia pre-acclimated(HPC)mice and their relationship with neuroprotection.Methods(1)Thirty-six male Institute of Cancer Research(ICR)mice were randomly divided into three groups according to the random number table method of complete randomization:the control group,the hypoxia group and the hypoxia preconditioning group,with 12mice in each group.Mice in the control group were not exposed to hypoxia,mice in the hypoxia group were exposed to hypoxia once,and mice in the hypoxia preconditioning group were exposed to hypoxia four times.Immediately after the end of hypoxia treatment,all mice were decapitated and killed and hippocampal tissues were isolated and preserved in groups.(2)HT22 cells were cultured in medium containing 10％foetal bovine serum and 100 U/ml penicillin-streptomycin.When cell confluence was greater than 90％,they were transferred to 24-well plates for culture and then processed in 2 batches.6 pmol disordered small interfering RNA(siRNA),MALAT1 siRNA(siMALAT1),NEAT1 siRNA(siNEAT1),siMALAT1+siNEAT1 were transfected into the negative control group,siMALAT1 group,siNEAT1 group,and siMALAT1+siNEAT1 group of the first batch of HT22 cells one by one by transfection reagent,and the blank group did not have any treatment;then they were cultured under normal conditions(5％CO2 and 95％air)for 48 h.In the second batch of HT22 cells,6 pmol of disordered siRNA,disordered siRNA,siMALAT1,siMALAT1,siNEAT1 and siNEAT1 were transfected one by one correspondingly to the negative control group and the negative control+oxygen-glucose deprived/reoxygen(OGD/R)group,siMALAT1 group,siMALAT1+OGD/R,siNEAT1 group,siNEAT1+OGD/R group.48 h after transfection,HT22 cells of negative control group,siMALAT1 group and siNEAT1 group were cultured under normal conditions(5％CO2 and 95％air),and the cells of negative control+OGD/R group,siMALAT1+OGD/R group and siNEAT1+OGD/R group were treated with OGD/R.That is,under low oxygen conditions(1％O2+5％CO2+94％N2)exposure for 8 h,and then culture under normal conditions for 16 h.(3)The real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction(PCR)and Western blot was used to determine the expression of MALAT1,NEAT1,N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit 2B(NR2B)messenger RNA(mRNA)and NR2B protein in the hippocampus of mice,the relative expression levels of NR2B mRNA and NR2B protein after transfection of HT22 cells in each group,and the relative expression levels of haemoglobin breakdown products and activated cysteine protease protein 3 after transfection and OGD/R of HT22 cells in each group.The survival rate of HT22 cells in each group was calculated.Results(1)The differences in relative expression of MALAT1(F=43.92),NEAT1(F=506.4),NR2B mRNA(F=50.64)and NR2B protein(F=41.24)in the hippocampus of mice in the three groups were statistically significant(all P＜0.05).The relative expression of MALAT1([1.68±0.06]vs.[1.00±0.08]),NR2B mRNA([1.26±0.06]vs.[1.00±0.01]),and NR2B protein([1.47±0.05]vs.[1.00±0.01])was increased in the hypoxia group as compared to the control group(all P＜0.05),whereas the relative expression of NEAT1([1.02±0.10]vs.[1.00±0.03])were not statistically significant(P＞0.05),and the relative expression of MALAT1([1.12±0.13]vs.[1.00±0.08])and NEAT1([2.88±0.10]vs.[1.00±0.03])were increased in hypoxic preconditioned group.Compared with hypoxia group,the relative expression of NR2B mRNA([0.54±0.07]vs.[1.26±0.06])and NR2B protein([1.17±0.07]vs.[1.47±0.05])were decreased(both P＜0.05).(2)The differences in the relative expression of NR2B mRNA(F=36.92)and NR2B protein(F=56.98)after transfection of HT22 cells in the five groups were statistically significant(both P＜0.05).Compared with the negative control group,siMALAT1 group(NR2B mRNA:[2.04±0.08]vs.[0.94±0.04],NR2B protein:[1.72±0.13]vs.[0.93±0.02]),siNEAT1 group(NR2B mRNA:[2.15±0.13]vs.[0.94±0.04],NR2B protein:[1.87±0.46]vs.[0.93±0.02]),siMALAT1+siNEAT1 group(NR2BmRNA:[2.09±0.16]vs.[0.94±0.04],NR2B protein:[2.07±0.30]vs.[0.93±0.02])showed the relative NR2B mRNA and NR2B protein expression were increased(all P＜0.05).(3)Differences in relative expression of haematopoietin breakdown product(145/150 kDa)protein(F=12.43),haematopoietin breakdown product(120 kDa)protein(F=7.15),and activated cysteamine protease protein 3 protein(F=6.61)were statistically significant in the 6 groups of HT22 cells transfected and treated with OGD/R(all P＜0.05).Compared with the siMALAT1 group,the siMALAT1+OGD/R group had 145/150kDa([1.42±0.48]vs.[0.85±0.34]),120 kDa([1.33±0.37]vs.[0.52±0.19])haematopoietin catabolism products and activated cysteamine protease protein 3([2.43±0.35]vs.[1.15±0.24])relative expression increased(all P＜0.05);compared with the negative control+OGD/R group,the siMALAT1+OGD/R group showed an increase in 145/150kDa([1.42±0.48]vs.[1.23±0.17]),120 kDa([1.33±0.37]vs.[0.80±0.21])relative expression of haematopoietin breakdown products and activated cysteamine protease protein 3([2.43±0.35]vs.[1.46±0.39])increased(all P＜0.05);compared with the siNEAT1 group,the siNEAT1+OGD/R group had a higher expression of 145/150 kDa([1.28±0.44]vs.[0.87±0.32]),120 kDa([0.81±0.36]vs.[0.63±0.16])relative expression of haematopoietic proteolytic products and activated cysteamine protease protein 3([1.51±0.45]vs.[1.01±0.27])increased(all P＜0.05).(4)The difference in HT22 cell survival rate among the 6 groups was statistically significant(F=5.54,P＜0.05).Compared with the negative control group,HT22 cell survival was decreased in the siMALAT1,siNEAT1,siMALAT1+OGD/R and siNEAT1+OGD/R groups([0.65±0.40],[0.76±0.35],[0.24±0.17],[0.23±0.16]vs.[0.84±0.04],all P＜0.05);cell viability was reduced in the siMALAT1+OGD/R group compared with the siMALAT1 group([0.24±0.17]vs.[0.65±0.40],P＜0.05);and cell viability was reduced in the siNEAT1+OGD/R group compared with the siNEAT1 group([0.23±0.16]vs.[0.76±0.35],P＜0.05).Conclusion HPC increased the expression of MALAT1 and NEAT1 in the hippocampus of mice,and MALAT1 and NEAT1 may participate in the neuroprotective effect of mice after ischemia and hypoxia by affecting the expression of NR2B.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and the risk factors in Jingyuan county of Ningxia Autonomous Region.Methods The population proportionate sampling method was applied to enroll a representative sample of 10 639 adults in Jingyuan county and the study was conducted using questionnaires and physical examinations.A total of 10 553 people were included in the analysis after excluding those with missing data.High-resolution ultrasound was used to examine the liver and fasting blood was collected in the morning for measurement of blood glucose,blood lipid,and uric acid.The participants were divided into two groups of those with and without nonalcoholic fatty liver disease;the difference in blood biochemical indexes between fatty liver and non-fatty liver groups was compared,and the logistic regression model was used to explore the risk factors affecting the prevalence of fatty liver.Results The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease was 7.60％.The prevalence of thyroid nodules was higher in men than in women (8.60％ vs.6.82％,x2=1 1.772,P=0.001).The prevalence rate of fatty liver increased with age (x2=57.336,P＜0.001),the prevalence rates among ≥18 years-＜29 years,≥30 years-＜39 years,≥40years-＜49 years,≥50 years-＜59 years,≥60 years-＜69 years,and above 70 years were 2.92％,6.50％,8.81％,9.59％,8.08％,and 4.77％ respectively.The detection rate of overweight,obesity,abdominal obesity,impaired fasting glucose,impaired glucose tolerance,diabetes,hypertension,hyperuricemia,and dyslipidemia were higher in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease group than in the normal group (P＜0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that nonalcoholic fatty liver disease group had a higher risk for overweight,obesity,abdominal obesity,impaired fasting glucose,impaired glucose tolerance,diabetes,hypertension,hyperurcemia,and dyslipidemia (OR=5.41,12.45,2.99,1.85,2.05,3.30,1.41,2.23,and 1.98).Conclusion The incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver in Jingyuan county of Ningxia Autonomous Region was higher.The groups of overweight,obesity,abdominal obesity,impaired fasting glucose,impaired glucose tolerance,diabetes,hypertension,hyperuricemia,and dyslipidemia were high risk factors for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

Objective To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of diabetes and prediabetes in Jingyuan County in Ningxia. Methods A cross-sectional survey including 10 639 participants (18-88 years of age) with a multistage sampling was conducted in Jingyuan County between January, 2014 and April, 2015. Questionnaires, physical examinations, and laboratory tests were included in the survey. Results Among all the subjects, 10 491 participants (men: 4 826, women: 5 665) with complete data were included in the analysis. The standardized prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes was 4.2% (men: 3.9%, women: 4.5%) and 8.8% (men: 7.6%, women 10.3%), respectively, in which the standardized prevalence of diabetes was higher in Hui (4.5%) than that in Han (3.5%) (P<0.05). Logistic regression analyses showed that age, family history of diabetes, overweight/obesity, hypertriglyceridemia and hypertension were positively associated with prediabetes and diabetes with the odds ratios being 1.60 and 2.14 (age, P<0.001), 1.40 and 3.32 (family history, P< 0.05), 1.47 and 1.57 (overweight/obesity, P< 0.001), 1.88 and 2.55 (hypertriglyceridemia, P<0.001), 1.44 and 1.89 (hypertension, P<0.001), respectively. Conclusions The prevalence of diabetes was relatively low in the rural area in Ningxia. However, it is still essential to take active interventions in people at high risk of diabetes in order to prevent the incident diabetes.

Traumatic rib fractures are the most common injury in thoracic trauma. Previously，the patients with traumatic rib fractures were mostly treated non-surgically，of which 50%，especially those combined with flail chest presented chronic pain or chest wall deformities and over 30% had long-term disabilities，being unable to retain a full-time job. In the past two decades，thanks to the development of internal fixation material technology，the surgical treatment of rib fractures has achieved good outcomes. However，there are still some problems in clinical treatment，including inconsistency in surgical treatment and quality control in medical services. The current consensuses on the management of regional traumatic rib fractures published at home and abroad mainly focus on the guidance of the overall treatment decisions and plans，and relevant clinical guidelines abroad lacks progress in surgical treatment of rib fractures in recent years. Therefore，the Chinese Society of Traumatology affiliated to Chinese Medical Association and Chinese College of Trauma Surgeons affiliated to Chinese Medical Doctor Association，in conjunction with national multidisciplinary experts，formulate the Chinese Consensus for Surgical Treatment of Traumatic Rib Fractures（2021）following the principle of evidence-based medicine，scientific nature and practicality. This expert consensus puts forward some clear，applicable，and graded recommendations from aspects of preoperative imaging evaluation，surgical indications，timing of surgery，surgical methods，rib fracture sites for surgical fixation，internal fixation methods and material selections，treatment of combined injuries in rib fractures，in order to provide references for surgical treatment of traumatic rib fractures.