Objective:To analyze risk factors that were associated with loss of correction curvature after short-segment restoration and fixation in cases who had single-segment thoracolumbar fracture.Methods:87 Cases who had experienced single-segment thoracolumbar fracture and had underwent short-segment restoration and fixation in our department from Jan 2008 to Jan 2011,and had complete follow-up imaging were included.Cobb angles were measured on lateral thoracolumbar X-ray preoperatively,postoperatively and before removal of internal fixation.And these included the angle formed by vertebras that located above and below injured vertebrae (α angle),superior endplate of injured vertebrae and its superior vertebrae (β angle),inferior endplate of injured vertebrae and its inferior vertebrae (γ angle),inferior and superior endplate of injured vertebrae (δ angle).T-test was used to analyze these angles and their changes.And correlation analysis was used to analyze relationships between α angle change and other risk factors.Results:When compared with preoperative angles,the mean α angle,β angle,γ angle and δ angle were all significantly increased (p＜0.05) after the operation.The mean α angle and δ angle before the removal of internal fixation were both significantly smaller than those after the operation (p＜0.05),and the mean change ofα angle was-2.85 degrees.After the correlation analysis,we found significant correlations between the change ofα angle and postoperative correction curvature(-0.342,p=0.026),injured region in endplate(0.374,p=0.015),and change of the δ angle(0.231,p=0.041).Conclusion:There was significant loss in the correction curvature before the removal of internal fixation.And the loss was significantly associated with postoperative correction curvature,injured region in endplate,and change of the δ angle.

Objective To investigate the effect of daurinoline on basilar artery vascular smooth muscle. Methods The tension of isolated basilar artery ring of rabbit was measured. The effects of daurinoline on the basilar artery contracted by methoxamine,5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT),KCl and Histamine( His)were also examined. Dose-response curves of 5-HT and KCl were observed as well. Results Daurinoline exerted obvious relaxation effect on the basilar artery vascular ring contracted by methoxamine,5-HT,KCl and His in a concentration-dependent manner. IC50 of daurinoline in methoxamine,5-HT,KCl and His-treated rabbits was 8.67×10-5,1.78×10-6,6.79×10-7 and 4.98×10-4 mol·L-1,respectively. The change of concentration-response curves of methoxamine,5-HT,KCl and His showed that daurinoline was a non-competitive antagonist. Conclusion Daurinoline exerts marked relaxation effect on basilar artery of rabbits through non-competitive antagonism. The mechanism of relaxation action may be related to blockage of voltage-dependent or receptor-dependent calcium channels.

Objective To explore the relationship of MDR1 and its encoded product P-gp expressions with clinical efficacy of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE)in primary liver cancer and their clinical significance.Methods We selected 108 patients with primary liver cancer who came to our hospital between June 2010 and June 2013 as observation subjects.Meanwhile 50 healthy people in our hospital for liver biopsy were selected as controls.MDR1 mRNA level in observation group and control group was determined by real-time quantitative PCR.P-gp protein level was analyzed by immunohistochemistry.According to P-gp level,the 108 patients were divided into drug-resistance groups and non-resistance group;the relationship between P-gp expression level and clinical efficacy was analyzed.Results MDR1 mRNA level in liver tissues significantly enhanced in observation group compared with that in control group (P <0.05).In observation group 32 patients had the ratio of MDR1 mRNA level-normal level of more than 2 and 76 patients had the ratio of MDR1 mRNA level-normal level of less than 2. Immunohistochemistry revealed that MDR1 encoded product P-gp was brownish yellow, mainly expressed in the cell surface of liver cancer cells.There were 35 P-gp protein-negative patients (non-resistance group)and 73 positive patients (resistance group).Clinical efficacy was significantly higher in non-resistance group (74.28%)than in resistance group (43.28%)(P <0.05).The 1 year and 2-year cumulative survival rates were 54. 12% and 27.40% in resistance group and 77.14% and 42.86%% in non-resistance group.They were significantly higher in the latter group (P <0.05 ).Conclusion The overexpressed MDR1 encoded product P-gp in primary liver cancer is associated with multidrug resistance in tumor chemotherapy,suggesting that P-gp can be used as one of the guiding clinical markers of chemotherapy.

Objective To explore the mechanism of icariin mediating migration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in rat bone marrow. Methods MSC proliferation was detected by CCK-8 test. Cell apoptosis was examined with Hoechst33342 staining after the establishment of cellular oxygen and glucose deprivation model. The protein expressions of CXCR4, the receptor of SDF-1, in the surface of MSC after stimulated by icariin were detected through Western blot. The migration of MSC was observed by Transwell chemotaxis assay. Results 0.01μmol/L, 0.1μmol/L and 1μmol/L of icariin could significantly promote the proliferation of MSC, while 10μmol/L of icariin inhibited the proliferation of MSC. After treatment of oxygen and glucose deprivation in vitro, 0.1μmol/L and 1μmol/L of icariin could inhibit the apoptosis of MSC. Icariin could not only improve the expression of CXCR4 in MSC, but also increase the number of transmembrane migrated MSC. After the addition of CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100, there was no significant difference in the number of cell migration among the different groups. Conclusion Icariin with appropriate concentration can promote the proliferation, survival and migration of MSC. SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling pathway is involved in the regulation of MSC migration by icariin.

Objective To investigate the killing effect of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) on spinal metastasis of transplanted VX2 carcinoma in experimental rabbit models. Methods Spinal metastasis of transplanted VX2 carcinoma model was successfully established in 18 rabbits. The experimental rabbits were randomly and equally divided into three groups with 6 rabbits in each group. Under CT guidance , PMMA or saline was injected into the center of VX2 tumor; in group A 0.3 ml of PMMA was used, in group B 0.1 ml of PMMA was used and in group C (control group) 0.3 ml saline was used. Twenty-four hours after the injection, the animals were sacrificed. Four tissue samples were obtained from the sites at 1 mm , 5 mm, 10 mm and 15 mm away from the PMMA mass in each rabbit of group A and group B , while four tissue samples were collected from different four sites from the tumor ’s center to border in each rabbit of group C. TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) method was used to determine the tumor cell apoptosis rate. Results After successful establishment of rabbit model, injection of PMMA was performed in sixteen among the eighteen rabbits. Technical success rates were 83.3% in both group A and B, and the success rate was 100% in group C. The difference in technical success rate was not significant. The mean tumor cell apoptosis rates of spinal VX2 carcinoma at 1 mm, 5 mm and 10 mm away from the PMMA mass in group A were (65.75±18.81)%, (50.00±14.24)% and(14.95±8.98)% respectively. The mean apoptosis rate in the control group was (9.79 ±5.24)%; the differences between the group A and the control group were statistically significant (P<0.05). The mean tumor cell apoptosis rate of spinal VX2 carcinoma at 15 mm away from the PMMA mass in group A was (10.30 ±8.13)%, which was not significantly different with that of the control group. The mean tumor cell apoptosis rates of spinal VX2 carcinoma at 1 mm and 5 mm away from the PMMA mass in group B were (49.20±15.57)% and(17.75±9.28)% respectively, which was significantly different with that of the control group(P<0.05); the mean tumor cell apoptosis rates at 10 mm and 15 mm away from the PMMA mass in group B were not significantly different with those of the control group. Statistically significant differences in the mean tumor cell apoptosis rates determined at 1 mm, 5 mm and 10 mm away from the PMMA mass existed between group A and group B(P<0.001). Conclusion PMMA can promote the apoptosis of tumor cells, properly increasing the injected amount of PMMA can enlarge the extent of tumor cell apoptosis.

BACKGROUND:The three-dimensional structure of acupoint anatomy was integrated into the teaching of acupuncture manipulation. Combined with the implementation and application of the acupuncture and moxibustion in digital virtual human, it can greatly improve the teaching effect and learning interest. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the acupuncture virtual human with integration of virtual reality force feedback technology and tissue deformation. METHODS:Using virtual reality technology, with computer as the core, we generated a specific range of virtual environment with realistic visual, auditory and tactile integration, col ected clinical expert acupuncture technique, matched the sensing equipment that can reflect the intensity, displacement and speed sensing of acupuncture. Based on image segmentation of virtual human, we constructed human tissue mechanics model, built virtual acupuncture-force-feedback system, and faithful y transmitted to the operator by a force feedback device. On one hand, based on VOXEL-MAN virtual human development platform, we finished the three-dimensional browser redevelopment of the science of acupuncture and moxibustion of Shu acupoint, which provided visual perception for people. On the other hand, based on modern biomechanics theory, we established models by graphics and image processing technology and force feedback technology. The stress process of the structure of each layer in the acupuncture point area was given to people in a sense of touch by the manner of virtual reality and force feedback. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:With the man-machine interactive operation platform of virtual acupuncture force feedback system, operator could see the dynamic process of acupuncture needle into human body, and could feel the real counterforce in the control terminal of force feedback instrument. By operating acupuncture needle in virtual environment of force feedback instrument, acupuncture was performed in virtual human. The system meets the two requirements:the feedback changes produced by tissue interaction were similar to real acupuncture feedback force data measured by instrument. The acupuncture needle entered into different tissues, a sense of power changed significantly;there was progressive feeling with different layers, reaching a realistic experience. During the whole training, the image was smooth;virtual needle was responsive, which better meets the requirements of virtual reality.

Objective To determine the expression of C met protein and microvessel density (MVD) in benign and malignant breast diseases and the relation with the prognosis of the patients. Methods Expression of C met and MVD were detected by immunohistochemical SP method in the histologic sections of 20 benign hyperplasia patients and 70 breast cancer patients. Results Stain of C met was located in the membrane or cytoplasm of epithelia cells.In the benign breast hyperplasia, C met expression was 100%. The stain intensity in breast cancer was stronger than that in the benign hyperplasia, but not statistical significance. The expression of C met was higher in TNM stage Ⅲ cancer than that in stage ⅠandⅡcancer. The stronger expression of C met showed higher MVD and obviously lower survival rate . Coxregression indicated C met and microvessel were prognosis factors. Conclusions C met is expressed in benign and malignant breast disease, C met and MVD are related with survival rate of breast cancer patients , so they are valuable prognosis indicators of breast cancer patients.

Objective To investigate the changes in morphology and senescence-associated markers of the marrow-derived cardiac stem cells (MCSCs) from rats at different ages and to explore the impacts of age on proliferation, survival and differentiation of MCSCs. Methods With single-cell cloning culture, MCSCs were selected from the bone marrow of young, adult and aged male SD rats respectively. Ultrastructural changes of the cells were viewed under a transmission electron microscope.The senescence-associated changes were examined with SA-β-galactosidase staining and reactive oxygen species(ROS) staining. Distribution of cell cycle of MCSCs from different age groups was evaluated with flow cytometric analysis. Rates of the survived and apoptotic cells were determined by Annexin V/PI double-labeled flow cytometric analysis and Hochest33342 staining. Differentiation of the MCSCs toward cardiomyocytes was induced with BMP-2. Expression of cardiac transcription factors and cardiac specific genes of the cells after induction were examined with RT-PCR. CTnT expression of the cells also be examined with immunocytochemistry. Results The nucleus/plasma ratio of the cells from aged rats decrease and there are some myelin bodies in the cells of aged group. With increasing of age, the MCSCs in S+G2/M phase reduce, while β-galactosidase-positive cells and ROS-positive cells increase. Survival rate of the cells from aged rats is lower than that of the cells from young rats. At four week after induction with BMP-2, expression of Nkx2.5, GATA-4, cTnT mRNA and Cx-43 mRNA of the cells of young group increase significantly. In adult and aged group, expression of the cardiac transcription factors and cardiac specific genes is lower than that of the cells in young group. In immunocytochemical staining, cTnT expression of the cells in young group is stronger after induction with BMP-2. As compared with that of the cells in young group, cTnT expression of the cells in aged group is weak after induction. Conclusion With increasing of age, MCSCs show senescent changes, including their abilities of proliferation, survival and differentiation toward cardiomyocytes decrease.

Objective To study the application value and safety of sentinel lymph node biopsy ( SLNB) replacing axillary lymph node dissection ( ALND) for patients with early breast cancer .Methods Data was col-lected for patients undergoing SLNB or ALND in the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University from June 2011 to June 2014.The complication of upper extremity , axillary local recurrence and distant metastasis were retro-spectively analyzed.The patients were followed up to Nov .2014, with the median follow-up of 41 ( 18-52 ) months.Results Patients undergoing SLNB had less postoperative complications of upper extremity ( numb and painχ2 =18.174, P =0.000;Restricted movement χ2 =20.413, P =0.000; Strength loss χ2 =23.785, P =0.000;P<0.05).There was no statistical difference for the postoperative complications of axillary local recur-rence and distant metastasis (χ2 =0.555, P=0.516; P>0.05).Conclusion In early breast cancer without SLN, SLNB can achieve the equivalent effect to ALND with less damage and complications .

Objective To observe the effects of electroacupuncture on the expressions of autophagy related protein Beclin-1 and apoptosis related protein p53 of hippocampus in rats;To explore the mechanism of electroacupuncture on Alzheimer's disease (AD).Methods The rats were randomly divided into the normal group, the sham-operation group, the model group, and the electroacupuncture treatment group. “Baihui” and “Yongquan” points were taken for electroacupuncture treatment and the treatment course was 7 days. The rats were treated once a day for 4 courses. Changes in morphology and number of Nissl positive cells were examined by Nissl staining in hippocampal CA1 regions. Expressions of Beclin-1 and p53 protein were determined by Western blot analysis.Results Number of Nissl positive cells in CA1 region of the model group was significantly less than that of normal group (P<0.01). After electroacupuncture treatment, number of pyramidal cells and expression of Nissl body significantly increased (P<0.05). Expression of Beclin-1 decreased, while expression of p53 increased in the hippocampus of the model group, compared with that in the normal group (P<0.05). However, electroacupuncture treatment could significantly upregulate the expression of Beclin-1 protein (P<0.01), but downregulate the level of p53 (P<0.05).Conclusion Electro-acupuncture treatment could fight against Aβ-induced neuronal apoptosis, and improve the morphological changes of AD’s hippocampus.