Objective To understand the intestinal nervous system(ENS) pathological change in rats with acute renal failure(ENS).Methods Rat acute renal failure model was established,the intracanthus blood was drew to determine the serum total creatinine(Scr) blood urea nitrogen(BUN) after 48h and 4th-day,then the rats was sacrificed at fourth day each rat's kidney tissue,duodenum,jejunum,ileum,colon and rectum were stained with hematoxylineosin(SE).Finaly, iNOS staining by immunohitochemstry,observed the numbers of the ENS nerve plexus, ENS nerve cell , and iNOS positive cell nerve plexus. Check whether there has hyperemia hydrops, degenerative necrosis, and inflammatory cell infiltration on the mucosa epithelium.Results ⑴Kidney histological change was occurred. The kidney tubules degenerative necrosis was found in all the ten cases of kidney failure, and the hyaline cast, mesenchyme hemorrhagic necrosis, and inflammatory cell infltration were seen. ⑵ HE coloration and microscope inspection;numbers of the ENS nerve plexus and nerve cell of the acute kidney failure group were less than the normal group, especially in the ileum and rectum .⑶The number of the iNOS positive cell nerve plexus in ENS of the rats with acute renal failure was apparently less than that of the normal group. In addition, the iNOS positive presentation was stronger than that of the normal group.Conclusions The findings suggest that toxic metabolites of uremic rat acts on the ENS,and thus leading to pathological changes of ENS,resulting in stomach and intestinal mortor function disorder.