Objective:To study the effect of recombinant human growth hormone on height and serum insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF-1) in children with idiopathic short stature.Methods:Fifty children with idiopathic short stature admitted to Weihai Central Hospital from September 2015 to February 2017 were randomly divided into treatment group(25 cases) and control group(25 cases) according to the random digital table method.The control group received nutritional support treatment.The treatment group was treated with subcutaneous injection of recombinant human growth hormone on the basis of the control group.All the children were treated and observed for one year.The height, weight, growth rate, bone age, total thyroid hormone level, fasting blood glucose level, serum IGF-1 level and adverse reactions were compared before and after treatment.Results:After 1 year of treatment, the height, growth rate, and IGF-1 of the two groups were significantly higher than those before treatment ( t=4.427, 2.987, 7.459, 5.963, 31.389, 21.790, P<0.001, 0.004, <0.001, <0.001, <0.001, <0.001). which in the treatment group were significantly higher than those in the control group ( t=2.914, 2.480, 12.090, P=0.006, 0.017, <0.001). The body weight, bone age, total thyroid hormone levels, and fasting blood glucose levels in the two groups were not significantly different from those before treatment ( t=0.548, 1.931, 0.300, 1.367, 0.735, 0.759, 0.693, 0.920, P=0.586, 0.060, 0.765, 0.179, 0.466, 0.452, 0.492, 0.362), and there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups ( t=0.371, 0.141, 0.059, 0.318, P=0.713, 0.889, 0.953, 0.752). There was no statistically significant difference in adverse reactions between the two groups during treatment (χ 2=2.083, P=0.149). Conclusion:Recombinant human growth factor can effectively accelerate the growth rate of children with idiopathic short stature, increase the height of children, increase the level of serum IGF-1, and has no obvious side effects.