Objective To discuss the degenerative factors, the spinal segment distribution, and the mechanism in hyperextension injury of cervical spine. Method Eighty-nine patients with hyperextension injury of cervical spine were retrospectively analyzed by observing the degenerativelesion, the spinal cord segment with high signal in T2WI, and the location of facial trauma. Results Fifty-eight cases showed the disc hemiation which was the most common lesion, followed by 8 cases showing the calcification of the posterior longitudinal ligament. Besides, 7 cases presented the developmental stenosis of spinal canal, and also, 6 cases showed disc hemiation combined with the yellow ligament hypertrophy. The intervertebral level of the spinal cord with high signal in T2WI were distributed as follows:4 cases were at C2/3, of which onesuffered the forehead trauma; 12 cases were at C3/ 4, of which 10 had the forehead trauma, and one had the zygomatic trauma; 12 cases were at C4/5, of which 5 had the forehead trauma, one had both the zygomatic and the forehead trauma, and one had both the forehead and with the lower jaw trauma; 11 cases were at CS/6,of which 3 had the forehead trauma, 3 had the zygomatic trauma, and 2 had the lower jaw trauma. The location of the spinal cord with single high signal in T2WI did not correspond with the intervertebral disc level in 4 cases. For 10 cases the high signal in T2WI was found at two discontinuous segments. For 2 cases the 1 high signal in T2WI was found at over two segments. For 6 cases the high signal in T2WI was found at over three segments. Conclusions Disc hemiation is the most common underlyding factor in cervical hyperextension injury. The spinal level with high signal in T2WI was correlative to the impacted facial site. The shear force at the inflection point with or without the anterior-posterior compression force accounted for the cervical hyperextension injury.

Objective:To describe the clinical,radiological and pathological characteristics of idiopa-thic pulmonary haemosiderosis(IPH) in adults and to evaluate the methods of diagnosis and treatment.Methods:Two patients were successfully diagnosed and treated in our hospital and the literature on the subject was reviewed.Results:Two adult patients(19 and 34 years old) diagnosed in our hospital had 5 and 10 years of history of hemoptysis respectively,and chest CT showed bilateral diffuse alveolar opacities over mid and lower zones.Tests of antinuclear antibodies(ANAs),rheumatoid factor(RF),antineutrophilic cytopasmic antibodies(ANCA) and Anti-glomerular basement membrane(anti-GBM) antibody were negative.Haemosiderin-laden macrophages were found in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF) whose color was yellow.Microscopic examination of the lung tissue specimens obtained by transbronchial lung biopsy(TBLB) revealed hemorrhage and numerous hemosiderin-laden macrophages in the alveoli and no vasculitis or capillaritis were seen.These findings were consistent with a diagnosis of IPH.Steroid therapy had good effects.Conclusion:IPH is a diagnosis of exclusion of other causes of diffuse alveolar hemorrhage(DAH).IPH adults have relatively good drug responses and relatively good prognoses.

Human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) have emerged as an important source of stem cells in the tissue engineering, and hypoxia will change various innate characteristics of DPSCs and then affect dental tissue regeneration. Nevertheless, little is known about the complicated molecular mechanisms. In this study, we aimed to investigate the influence and mechanism of miR-140-3p on DPSCs under hypoxia condition. Hypoxia was induced in DPSCs by Cobalt chloride (CoCl
Cell Differentiation ; Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase ; Humans ; Hypoxia ; Methyltransferases ; MicroRNAs