Objective To study the effect of lactobacillus on serum histamine ,interleukin‐5(IL‐5) ,interleukin‐12(IL‐12) and tissue intercellular cell adhesion molecule‐1(ICAM‐1) on the rats of allergic rhinitis model .Methods Totally 48 male SD rats were randomly divided into control group ,model group ,Lactobacillus (LBA) group (1 × 1010 CUF/kg) and loratadine (LRD) group (5 mg/kg) ,there were 12 SD rats in each group .LBA Group administered once daily for a total of 6 weeks ;LRD group administered once daily for seven days .Then the clinical symptoms indexes ,the content of serum histamine ,IL‐5 ,IL‐12 ,the changes of tissue pathological ,the mRNA and protein of ICAM‐1 were compared .Results Lactobacilli can significantly improve symptoms score of allergic rhinitis in rats ,the pathological score ,reduce serum histamine ,IL‐5 levels ,ICAM‐1 mRNA and protein expression of tissue , and increase IL‐12 proportion ,thus it showed significant efficacy .Conclusion Long‐term (approximately six weeks) given lactoba‐cilli played a therapeutic role of allergic rhinitis by reducing serum histamine ,IL‐5 levels and ICM A‐1 expression in tissues ,in‐creased serum IL‐12 level .

Objective: To investigate the characteristics of rabies-exposed population in Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province from 2014 to 2023, so as to provide insights into the prevention and control of rabies. Methods: Data of rabies-exposed population in Wenzhou City from 2014 to 2023 were collected through Wenzhou Rabies-Exposed Population Summary Sheet reported by dog injury clinics. The species of animals causing injuries, exposure time, exposure grade, exposure site, and post-exposure treatment were descriptively analyzed. Results: Totally 709 900 patients were admitted to dog injury clinics in Wenzhou City from 2014 to 2023, and the exposure rate showed an increasing trend (Z=7.238, P<0.001), with an average annual exposure rate of 750.75/105. The number of cases with exposure to rabies peaked in July (79 230 cases, 11.16%) and August (78 570 cases, 11.07%). Dogs were predominant animals causing injuries (448 900 cases, 63.23%), and the exposure rate showed a downward trend (Z=-5.921, P<0.001); cats were the second (175 142 cases, 24.67%), and the exposure rate showed an upward trend (Z=23.314, P<0.001). The upper (379 695 cases, 53.49%) and lower limbs (287 521 cases, 40.50%) were the main exposure sites. There were 21 034 cases (2.96%) exposed to head and face, and the exposure rate of head and face showed an upward trend (Z=3.549, P<0.001). Grade II exposure was the most common (403 881 cases, 56.89%), and the exposure rate showed an upward trend (Z=8.769, P<0.001). The proportion of using human rabies immune globulin was 23.13% in Grade III exposed population, showing a downward trend (Z=-12.848, P<0.001). Conclusions The exposure rate of rabies in Wenzhou City showed an upward trend from 2014 to 2023, with July and August as the peak months of exposure. Injuries mainly caused by dogs, while the exposure rate of cat bites showed an upward trend. The proportion of using human rabies immune globulin needs to be improved.