This paper explores related issues of ethics review in medical scientific research,including research subject selection,program establishment,research implementation,and subjection conclusion,aiming to provide ethical support for medical scientific research.

Objective To study the relationship between serum insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-Ⅰ) levels and prostatic cancer. Methods The levels of IGF-Ⅰwas measured with immunoradiometric assay(IRMA) in 37 cases of prostatic cancer,35 cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and in 20 healthy subjects as controls.The serum IGF-I levels were compared to the clinical and pathological grading of the prostatic cancer.8 cases of prostatic cancer after operation have been followed up. Results The mean levels of serum IGF-I in prostatic cancer (325.6?100.8 ng/ml) were significantly higher than those in BPH (201.6?53.8 ng/ml) and healthy subjects (179.0?57.2 ng/ml) (P0.05).Statistical difference was noted before ( 315.8?87.0 ng/ml) and after (224.8? 88.4 ng/ml) PCa operation(P0.05). Conclusions The levels of serum IGF-I may be a new marker to prognose and for early diagnosis of PCa in high risk population.

BACKGROUND: Early clinical researches suggest that mediodespidine capsule can decrease blood pressure of patients with primary hypertension on the basis of yanggan qinggan pinggan technique.OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of mediodespidine capsule on primary hypertension and angiotensin Ⅱ (Ang- Ⅱ ) of patients in the types of yin deficiency, yang excess and liver fire.DESIGN: Randomized controlled case observation.SETTING: Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine.PARTICIPANTS: Patients were selected from the Inpatient Department and Out-patients Clinic of the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine between April 1999 and April 2000. Inclusion criteria: Patients, who were diagnosed with the criteria of primary hypertension, who belonged to the types of yin deficiency, yang excess and liver fire, who could endure this test, who were coincidence with the criteria of mental-stress test, were all consent. Exclusion criteria: Patients who had severe congestive heart failure, atrophic arthritis and unable tolerance were excluded. There were 60 cases in total, including 29 males and 31females. All patients were divided into mediodespidine group and verapamil group with 30 in each group on the basis of randomly digital table.METHODS: Patients who had positive results of awaken mental-stress test were involved in this study. Cases in mediodespidine group were treated with mediodespidine capsule, which was made of tall gastrodia tuber, spine date seed and fourstamen stephania root at the dosage of 0.43 g/pill and were provided by the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (wei yao ji zi: 05-047, batch number: 990503), five pills each for 3 times a day. Cases in verapamil group were treatedwith verapamil (40 mg/pill, Shanghai Huanghe Liya PharmaceuticalCompany Limited,batch number: 980301B) 80 mg each for 3 times a day. The course in both groups was 4 weeks. ① Effect of blood pressure: Average value of blood pressure tested for 3 successive days were regarded as the blood pressure before treatment, and average value of blood pressure tested for 3 times after treatment was regarded as the blood pressure after treatment. ② Effect of symptom:Scores were recorded as four levels according to main symptoms, such as vertigo, headache, pain and weakness of waist and knees, before and after treatment. ③ Values of Ang- Ⅱ were measured with radioimmunoassay before and after cold pressor test. Effect on Ang- Ⅱ was evaluated with effect of decompression, effect of clinical symptom and criteria of clinical effect.MAIN OUTCOME MEARUSES: Clinical symptoms, values of blood pressure, heart rate and Ang- Ⅱ before and after cold pressor test.RESULTS: A total of 60 patients with primary hypertension were involved into the final analysis.① Totally effective rate of clinical symptoms of patients in mediodespidine group was higher than that of patients in verapamil group, but the effect of decompression was not significant between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05). ② There was remarkably significant difference of heart rate in both groups before and after treatment (P ＜ 0.01), especially the decrease in verapamil group was great, and there was significant difference (P ＜ 0.05). ③ Values of systolic pressure and diastolic pressure were decreased in both groups after cold pressor test (P ＜ 0.01), but there was no significant difference between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05). ④ There was no significant difference in clinical effect between the twogroups (P ＞ 0.05).⑤ After treatment, concentration of Ang- Ⅱ at basic level in both groups was decreased, and there was significant difference between them (P ＜ 0.01);concentration of Aug-Ⅱ was decreased in both groups after cold pressor test as compared with that before treatment, but there was no significant difference between them (P ＞ 0.05).CONCLUSION: Mediodespidine capsule can decrease blood pressure stably, and the effect is stronger than that of verapamil at the aspect of decompression and improving symptoms. Blood pressure of patients with primary hypertension in the types of yin deficiency and yang excess or liver fire can be decreased by decreasing the level of plasma Ang-Ⅱ to a certain degree.

The application of LINQ and VSTO is introduced in designing medical device procurement system.LINQ can be provided a consistent programming model to deal with any type of object or data source.VSTO functions that give a wealth of Windows Forms controls for Office document and creates custom task pane are provided.LINQ and VSTO can be used efficiently in applications development.

AIM:To explore the effect of Toll-like receptor ( TLR) 2 and TLR4 in Mycobacterium bovis Bacil-lus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-induced human proximal renal tubule epithelial cell (HK-2) injury.METHODS:HK-2 cells were stimulated by BCG, and the expression of TLR2, TLR4, chemokine (C-X3-C motif) ligand 1 (CX3CL1) and trans-forming growth factor beta 1 ( TGF-β1 ) was detected by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blotting .TLR2 monoclonal antibody and TLR4 inhibitor were used to treat the HK-2 cells 1 h before BCG stimulation.The expression of CX3CL1 and TGF-β1 was evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blotting .RESULTS: BCG increased the expression of TLR2, TLR4, CX3CL1 and TGF-β1 in the HK-2 cells.Additionally, the expression of CX3CL1 and TGF-β1 was inhibited partly by TLR2 monoclonal antibody or TLR4 inhibitor.CONCLUSION:BCG is able to increase the production of TLR 2, TLR4, CX3CL1 and TGF-β1 in the HK-2 cells.TLR2 and TLR4 signaling pathways play important roles in tubule epitheli-al cell injury induced by BCG .

Objective To evaluate the result of staged arteriovenous shunts for the treatment of thromboangiitis obliterans(TAO) and arterial sclerosis obstruction (ASO). MethodsData of 176 cases undergoing this procedure were retrospectively reviewed. ResultsIn this group, 147 cases (83 5%) were followed up with a median of 9 8 years. Pain and/or claudication disappeared in 86 out of 90 cases (95 5%) treated by low positioned shunt one week postoperatively, with a limb salvage rate of 100%. Among 57 cases treated by high positioned shunts of the lower limbs, pain and claudication disappeared in 43 cases (75 4%) 2~3 weeks postoperatively. Postoperative amputation has to be performed in 5 cases with a limb salvation rate of 91%. ConclusionsThe clinical result of this staged arteriovenous shunts is satisfactory for the treatment of thromboangiitis obliterans(TAO) and arterial sclerosis obstruction (ASO).

Objective To assess the value of pulmonary vascular permeability index in differentiating acute lung injury (ALI) from cardiac pulmonary edema. Methods Critically ill patients with acute pulmonary edema were included from May, 2004 to September, 2008. Patients were divided into two groups, the ALI group and the cardiac pulmonary edema group (C group). Pulmonary vascular permeability index (PVPI) , intrathoracic blood volume (ITBVI) were determined by pulse indicator continuous cardiac output(PiCCO) system. Results ( 1 ) Thirty-four patients were enrolled, 22 cases in ALI group and 12 cases in C group. (2) The PVPI in patients of ALI group (2.7 ± 1.4) was higher than that of C group (1.9 ±0.6 ;P＜0.05). EVLWI and ITBVI did not have the significant difference between the two groups (P ＞0. 05). (3) PVPI was positively correlated with EVLWI(r = 0. 762) , negatively correlated with PaO2/ FiO2(r= -0.478). (4)ARDS was diagnosed in 13 cases, including 8 pulmonary cause(ARDSp) and 5 extra-pulmonary cause ( ARDSexp). PVPI, EVLW/ITBV and EVLWI of patients with ARDSexp were obviously higher than those with ARDSp. Conclusions PVPI may be useful for differentiating the types of pulmonary edema in the critically ill.

Objective To detect eight kinds of clinical common pathogenic bacteria by DNA microarray.Methods Eight kinds of common pathogenic bacteria,including Staphylococcus aureus,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Klebsiella pneumoniae,Escherichia coli,Proteus mirabilis,Enterobacter aerogenes,Pseudomonas fluorescens,Shigella sonnei were collected.Universal primers were designed to amplify 16S rRNA gene fragment from the genomic DNA of the eight bacteria,and probes were designed in the highly variable regions.DNA microarray detection system was established and used for detection of colleted bacteria.A total of 50 samples were collected from the Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University,including 6 blood samples,32 sputum samples,9 feces samples and 3 bronchoscope lavage samples.DNA were extracted and detected by the established DNA microarray system.Results The desired fragments were well amplified by the self-designed universal primers.The selected probes had good detection results according to repeated detection.Of the 50 samples detected,pathgenic bacteria were accurately detected in 47 samples.Other three samples were not detected as those bacteria were not included in the chip.By optimizing the detection process,the results could be reported within 8 hours.Observation of probe signal attenuation indicated that even attenuated after 60 days,but the attenuation did not affect the results.Conclusion A microarray system was established for detection of clinical common bacteria accurately and quickly,which provided foundation for its clinical application.

Objective To evaluate the effect of combined multiple interventional methods in treatment of acute deep venous thrombi (DVT) in lower extremities caused by military training. Meth-ods All 25 patients with DVT were treated with embolectomy by using Fogarty catheter. Of all, three pa-tients were treated only with embolectomy, six underwent embolectomy plus percutaneous transluminal an-gioplasty (PTA), 11 received PTA plus ultrasound ablation and five were implanted with stent-grafts. The clinical results were analyzed retrospectively. Results Based on angiography during operation, the ob-structed iliofemoral vein received complete recanalization in 24 patients, with the perioperative luminal di-ameter ≥71%. Partial recanalization of the entrance of common iliac vein to inferior vena cava was failed in one patient. All 25 patients were followed up for an average 34 months after operation, which showed that 24 patients received satisfactory results with normal military training and that the other one with failed recanalization of vena iliaca still felt swelling pain in lower extremity after training. Conclusion Com-bined multiple interventional methods can remarkably improve the therapeutic effect for DVT caused by military training.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of fast track surgery in laparoscopic gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Methods: All patients received elective gastric cancer resection, and were divided into three groups: group Ⅰ (open gastrecomy, n = 30) , group Ⅱ (open gastrecomy with fast track surgery, n = 30) , and group Ⅲ (laparoscopic gastrecomy with fast track surger-y ,n =30) . Clinical data and gut function were assessed in three groups. Results: There were no significant differences in postoperative complication and the number of lymph node harvest between 3 groups. Blood loss was less in group Ⅲ than group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ (P <0.01) ,but its operative time was longer and its cost was more than other two open surgery groups (P < 0. 01). Recovery of bowel function in group Ⅲ was faster,and postoperative hospital stay was shorter than group Ⅰ (P<0.01). However, recovery of bowel function and postoperative hospital stay in group Ⅲ was not different from group Ⅱ (P > 0. 05). Conclusion: Postoperative hospital stay can be shorter and recovery of bowel function can be faster in laparoscopic gastrectomy with fast track surgery plan compared to traditional care group. But when using fast track surgery plan, laparoscopic gastrectomy was not superior to open surgery.