Objective To evaluate 1-week and 1-year outcomes of carotid artery stenting (CAS)using cerebral perfusion CT(PCT). Methods The clinical database of 20 patients with unilateral carotid artery stenosis( ≥60% ) who underwent CAS were retrospectively reviewed. Relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV), relative cerebral blood flow(rCBF) and relative mean transit time( rMTT) were measured by using cerebral PCT within one week before CAS and at one week and at one year after CAS. Cerebral MRI was performed within one week before CAS. The noncontrast CT was performed within one week before CAS and immediately after CAS. The arteriography was performed at one year after CAS. The variance analysis was performed to determine whether there were significant differences of rCBV, rCBF, rMTT in anterior cerebral artery area( ACA area), middle cerebral artery area( MCA area), posterior cerebral artery area( PCA area),basal ganglia area, front and back cortical watershed area( CWS area) and internal watershed area( IWS area) among the different time points. Results In the three measures, there was no significant difference of rCBV in all areas among the three time points( P ＞ 0. 05 ) , and there was no significant difference of rCBF and rMTT in PCA area( P ＞ 0. 05 ), but there were significant differences of rCBF and rMTT in all other areas among the three time ponits(P ＜0. 01). In one week before CAS, at one week and at one year after CAS, rCBF of 20 patients is 0. 86 ±0. 06, 0. 95 ±0. 04, 0. 98 ±0. 07 in ACA area, 0. 81 ±0. 04, 1.06 ±0. 04, 1.03 ±0.07 in MCA area, 0. 84 ±0. 06, 0. 97 ±0. 04, 0. 96 ±0. 04 in basal ganglia, 0. 78 ±0. 03,0. 97 ±0. 03, 0. 96 ±0. 02 in front CWS area, 0. 77 ±0. 03, 1.00 ±0. 02, 0. 98 ±0. 03 in back CWS area,and 0. 80 ± 0. 04, 0. 94 ± 0. 03, 0. 93 ± 0. 04 in IWS area ( F = 18. 95, 146. 41,63.03,540. 85,415.97,164.19, P＜0. 01). rMTT is 1.17 ±0.05, 1.04±0.04, 1.01 ±0.06 in ACA area, 1.41±0.06, 1.08±0.04, 1.07±0.04 in MCA area, 1.20±0.06, 1.06±0.04, 1.05±0.04 in basal ganglia, 1.41 ±0.05,1.10 ±0. 05, 1.09 ±0. 04 in front CWS area, 1.43 ±0. 10, 1.07 ±0. 06, 1.08 ±0. 06 in back CWS area,1.29±0.10, 1.09 ±0.05, 1.11 ±0.07 in IWS area (F=51.74, 248. 89, 70.08, 381.68, 288.94,41.53, P ＜0. 01 ). There were significant differences of rCBF and rMTT between those measured one week before CAS and one week or one year after CAS ( P ＜ 0. 01 ), but there were no significant differences of rCBF or rMTT in any area measured between those at 1 week after CAS and those measured at 1 year after CAS(P＞0.05). Conclusions Hemodynamic outcome at one year after CAS is good in the absence of contralateral carotid artery steno-occlusive disease. In addition, the coherence of results between 1-week and 1-year indicates that the outcome of one week after CAS could predict long-term hemodynamic outcome.

Objective To explore the feasibility of tubeless 2 μm laser vaporesection in treating pediatric ureter cysts by ureteroscopy.MethodsClinical data of 33 ureter cysts patients who received tubeless 2 μm laser vaporesections by ureteroscopy were reviewed. The median age of patients was 4 years with a range from 1 to 7 years. The operations were carried out by RevoLix 2 μm laser through ureteroscopy without ureter stents and catheters indwelling.ResultsAll operations were successfully performed. And no serious complications occurred after the operations.ConclusionsTubeless transurethral 2 μm laser treatment by ureteroscopy was a superior micro-invasive surgery method for pediatrics with ureter cysts, with advantages of little blood loss, high safety, convenient operation and infrequent complications.

Background and purpose:Metabolic reprogramming occurs during tumor progression,and 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase(AGPAT),as a key enzyme in the de novo synthesis of triacylglycerol(TAG),is closely associated with tumor progression.However,one of the isoforms,AGPAT5,has been studied in cancer in a very limited way,and this study aimed to provide a new perspective on the role of AGPAT5 in hepatocellular carcinoma and its potential molecular mechanisms,providing novel ideas for the diagnosis and treatment strategies of liver cancer.Methods:AGPAT5 was knocked down in a variety of hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines using lentiviral infection,and the effects of AGPAT5 on the functions of hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation,migration and resistance to anoikis were detected in vitro by experiments such as Taipan blue counting,scratching,transwell and plate cloning.The wild-type or enzyme activity-deficient form of AGPAT5 was rescued to investigate whether AGPAT5,as a metabolic enzyme,plays a classical role in regulating the migration of hepatocellular carcinoma cells.We constructed a tail vein metastasis model in nude mice to validate the cellular phenotype in vitro from the in vivo level.Immunoprecipitation mass spectrum(IP-MS)identified proteins interacting with AGPAT5 and verified by co-immunoprecipitation(coIP).Protein post-translational modification identification was performed to analyze the potential modification sites of AGPAT5,and in vitro experiments were performed to explore the effects of the point mutation before and after the point mutation on the migration of hepatocellular carcinoma cells.CoIP was performed to explore the binding of AGPAT5 to the interacting protein before and after the mutation of the site.We determined its role in cell phenotype by knocking down interacting proteins.Rescue experiments were used to verify whether AGPAT5 exerts its effects through the interacting protein.We detected the expression levels of AGPAT5 and the interacting protein in wild-type hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines to examine their correlation.Results:Knockdown of AGPAT5 increased the tolerance to serum-free starvation and promoted hepatocellular carcinoma cell migration,but did not affect proliferation and anoikis.However,deletion of enzyme activity did not affect the inhibition of hepatocellular carcinoma cell migration by AGPAT5.Knockdown of AGPAT5 promoted lung and liver metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells in nude mice.AGPAT5 could interact with fibrillarin(FBL),and the interaction was strengthened under serum starvation conditions.Curbing FBL expression inhibited hepatocellular carcinoma cell migration,and the effect was similar to that of overexpression of AGPAT5.Inhibition of FBL expression weakened the promoting effect of AGPAT5 knockdown on hepatocellular carcinoma cell migration;In the hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines examined,AGPAT5 and FBL did not show any correlation at the protein level.The inhibitory effect of AGPAT5 on hepatocellular carcinoma cell migration was attenuated by the K201 site mutation,and the K201 site mutation attenuated the binding of AGPAT5 to FBL.Conclusion:Knockdown of AGPAT5 can significantly enhance the migratory ability of hepatocellular carcinoma cells.AGPAT5 can interact with FBL,and in the absence of serum starvation stimulation,AGPAT5 strengthen its binding to FBL through acetylation of the K201 site,thereby more effectively inhibiting FBL,consequently inhibiting the migration of hepatocellular carcinoma cells.But this inhibitory effect is not derived from the metabolic enzyme activity of AGPAT5,but driven by non-metabolic function.

Abstract Modern western medicine typically focuses on treating specific symptoms or diseases, and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) emphasizes the interconnections of the body’s various systems under external environment and takes a holistic approach to preventing and treating diseases. Phenomics was initially introduced to the field of TCM in 2008 as a new discipline that studies the laws of integrated and dynamic changes of human clinical phenomes under the scope of the theories and practices of TCM based on phenomics. While TCM Phenomics 1.0 has initially established a clinical phenomic system centered on Zhenghou (a TCM definition of clinical phenome), bottlenecks remain in data standardization, mechanistic interpretation, and precision intervention. Here, we systematically elaborates on the theoretical foundations, technical pathways, and future challenges of integrating digital medicine with TCM phenomics under the framework of “TCM phenomics 2.0”, which is supported by digital medicine technologies such as artificial intelligence, wearable devices, medical digital twins, and multi-omics integration. This framework aims to construct a closed-loop system of “Zhenghou–Phenome–Mechanism–Intervention” and to enable the digitization, standardization, and precision of disease diagnosis and treatment. The integration of digital medicine and TCM phenomics not only promotes the modernization and scientific transformation of TCM theory and practice but also offers new paradigms for precision medicine. In practice, digital tools facilitate multi-source clinical data acquisition and standardization, while AI and big data algorithms help reveal the correlations between clinical Zhenghou phenomes and molecular mechanisms, thereby improving scientific rigor in diagnosis, efficacy evaluation, and personalized intervention. Nevertheless, challenges persist, including data quality and standardization issues, shortage of interdisciplinary talents, and insufficiency of ethical and legal regulations. Future development requires establishing national data-sharing platforms, strengthening international collaboration, fostering interdisciplinary professionals, and improving ethical and legal frameworks. Ultimately, this approach seeks to build a new disease identification and classification system centered on phenomes and to achieve the inheritance, innovation, and modernization of TCM diagnostic and therapeutic patterns.

Objective To analyze the CT features of cavitation between primary lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell cancer.Methods The CT findings of cavity of primary lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma were evaluated in 57 patients,including 33 of squamous cell carcinoma and 24 of adenocarcinoma.The clinical data and CT features were analyzed retrospectively using the independent samples t-test,Pearson Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test.Results The mean age of ptients with squamous cell carcinoma was higher than that of patients with adenocarcinoma (65.57-4-9.26 vs 58.75 ± 11.12,P =0.015).Statistical differences were found in distribution of gender and smoking habit between the two kinds of carcinomas (P =0.014 and P =0.029).The T stages were also different between the two carcinomas (P=0.003).In addition,the maximum diameter of tumor (P =0.003),the maximum diameter of cavity (P =0.029) and the maximum thickness of the cavity wall (P=0.001) of squamous cell carcinoma were higher than those of adenocarcinoma.Moreover,the presence of ground-glass opacity (P =0.010),vessel passing through the cavity (P =0.001),septum inside the cavity (P＜0.001) and tumoral bronchogram (P =0.027) in adenocarcinoma were higher than those in squamous cell carcinoma.Conclusion There are significant differences between adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma in the population distribution and image features,comprehensive analysis helps the differential diagnosis.

The 2 patients were both aged females with medical history of diabetes mellitus. The chief complaints were both hyperpyrexia. Laboratory tests presented markedly elevated white blood cells and C-reactive protein, indicating severe systemic infections. Urine culture confirmed the growth of Escherichia coli. CT scan revealed thickened bladder wall with intraluminal and interstitial collections of gas. After the diagnosis of emphysema cystitis was established, conservative treatments including bladder drainage, strict glycemic control and sensitive antibiotics were administered timely. Both of the 2 patients got fully recovery after standard treatment.

Objective:To investigate the application and effect of blended teaching model in clinical skill training.Methods:According to the practical teaching syllabus for undergraduate medical students in Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and the national practical operation examination for medical practitioners, 20 basic skills of internal medicine, surgery, gynecology, pediatrics, and emergency were selected. A total of 120 junior medical students in the experimental group received the practice course of basic clinical skill operations using the online and offline blended teaching model in the academic years of 2020-2021, and 120 medical students in the control group received this course using the offline teaching model alone during the same period of time. The two groups were compared in terms of process completeness, skill proficiency, aseptic concept, communication and care, and clinical thinking, and a questionnaire survey was conducted for the students in the experimental group to investigate course design, adaptability, interest, satisfaction, and learning effect. SPSS 21.0 was used to perform the Wilcoxon rank-sum test and the chi-square test.Results:There were no significant differences between the two groups in general information such as sex and major. The experimental group had significantly better scores of the above practical abilities than the control group [88 (86,89) vs. 75 (72,77), 57 (56,58) vs. 52 (50,54), 7 (6,8) vs. 5 (4,6), 8 (7,8) vs. 5 (4,6), 9 (8,9) vs. 6(6,7), 8 (7,9) vs. 7 (6,7), P<0.001], and the questionnaire survey showed that the students in the experimental group gave a relatively high overall evaluation of the course (4.0-4.8 points). Conclusions:The blended teaching model is beneficial to the cultivation of clinical skills and practical ability in undergraduate medical students and can help to enhance their self-learning and operational abilities and improve classroom efficiency and teaching effectiveness.

Objective To investigate the impact of ultra-low dose CT(ULDCT)scanning combined with deep learning image reconstruction(DLIR)on quantitative analysis of pulmonary nodules using computer aided diagnostic system(CAD).Methods Fifty-six further consultation patients with pulmonary nodules were prospectively enrolled.ULDCT and standard-dose CT(SDCT)were performed.The raw ULDCT images were reconstructed using adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction-V40%(ASIR-V40%)and high-strength DLIR(DLIR-H)to obtain ULDCT-ASIR-V40%(group A)and ULDCT-DLIR-H(group B)images,while SDCT images were reconstructed with ASIR-V40%to obtain SDCT-ASIR-V40%(group C)images.Pulmonary nodules with long diameter of 4-30 mm were selected as the target nodules based on reconstructed images.The nodules were divided into solid nodules,calcified nodules and non-solid nodules by 2 physicians.CAD software was used to evaluate the classification of nodules based on 3 groups of images,and the long diameter,transverse diameter,density,volume and malignant risk were quantitatively analyzed.Results Totally 104 target nodules were selected,including 51 solid nodules,26 calcified nodules and 27 non-solid nodules according to physicians.CAD classified 53 solid,24 calcified and 27 non-solid nodules based on group A and B,while based on group C,CAD classification was consistent with that of physicians'.Compared with group C,the density of solid and calcified nodules,the volume and malignant risk of non-solid nodules judged by CAD in group A decreased,so did the density of calcified nodules in group B(all P＜0.05).No significant difference of the other CAD quantitative parameters of nodules was found among 3 groups(all P＞0.05).Conclusion ULDCT scanning combined with DLIR might underestimate the density of calcified pulmonary nodules judged by CAD,but had no significant impact on the other CAD quantitative parameters.

Objective To investigate the microRNA ( miRNA ) expression level of peripheral blood mononuclear cell ( PBMC) in autoimmune diabetes mellitus ( ADM) which includes type 1 diabetes mellitus ( T1DM) and latent autoimmune diabetes in adults ( LADA ) , T2DM patients, and matched healthy individuals. Methods Patients of T1DM, LADA, and T2DM were recruited in the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from January 2015 to December 2016. The subjects were divided into two groups. The first group was used for high-throughput screening of differentially expressed microRNAs. The second group was used to validate the expression of miR-142-5p and miR-143-3p by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Results (1)The different miRNA expression patterns of PBMC were found among T1DM patients, LADA patients, T2DM patients, and health individuals. ( 2) Compared with T2DM patients and healthy controls, LADA and T1DM patients had down-regulated PBMC miR-142-5p expression, and up-regulated miR-143-3p expression. (3)RT-qPCR validation showed that the expression of miR-142-5p in LADA patients was significantly lower than that in T2DM patients (0.30±0.24 vs 1.33 ± 1.29, P<0.05) . The expression of miR-143-3p in T1DM and LADA was higher than that in T2DM and health individuals. However, no significant differences were found. Conclusion The miRNA expression patterns are different in the PBMC of T1DM patients, LADA patients, T2DM patients, and healthy individuals; the abnormal expressions of miR-142-5p and miR-143-3p may participate in the development of ADM by affecting apoptosis and immune cell differentiation.

Objective:To investigate the application of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in early-staged cervical cancer by laparoscopy.Methods:It was a prospective, single-arm, single-center clinical study. Seventy-eight cases of cervical cancer patients were collected from July 2015 to December 2018 at the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University. All the patients were injected with tracer into the disease-free block of cervical tissue after anesthesia by the same surgeon who learned sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping technique in Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, and underwent SLN mapping followed by complete pelvic lymphadenectomy. Moreover, all the dissected lymph nodes were stained with hematoxylin eosin staining (HE) pathological examination. Besides, the negative SLN on hematoxylin-eosin staining were detected by immunohistochemistry cytokeratin staining micro-metastasis. To analyze the distribution, detection rate, false negative rate the sensitivity and negative predictive value of the SLN in early-staged cervical cancer by laparoscopy, and explore the value of SLN mapping in predicting the lymph nodes metastasis in early-staged cervical cancer.Results:The overall detection rate of SLN in cervical cancer was 99% (77/78), bilateral detection rate was 87% (68/78). The average of 12.4 lymph node (LN) and 3.6 SLN were dissected for each patients each side. SLN of cervical cancer were mainly distributed in the obturator space (61.5%, 343/558), followed by external iliac (23.5%, 131/558), common iliac (7.3%, 41/558), para-uterine (3.8%, 21/558), internal iliac (2.2%, 12/558), para abdominal aorta (1.1%, 6/558), and anterior sacral lymphatic drainage area (0.7%, 4/558). Fourteen cases of LN metastasis were found among all 78 cases. There were a total of 38 positive LN, including 26 SLN metastasis and 12 none sentinel LN metastasis. Through immunohistochemical staining and pathological ultra-staging, 1 SLN was found to be isolated tumor cells (ITC), and 5 SLNs were found to be micro-metastases (MIC), accounting for 23% (6/26) of positive SLN. SLN mapping with pathological ultra-staging improved the prediction of LN metastasis in cervical cancer (2/14). Metastatic SLN mainly distributed in the obturator space (65%, 17/26), peri-uterine region (12%, 3/26), common iliac region (15%, 4/26), and external iliac region (8%, 2/26). The consistency of the diagnosis of lymph node metastasis by SLN biopsy and postoperative retroperitoneal lymph node metastasis showed that the Kappa value was 1.000 ( P<0.001), indicated that the metastasis status of SLN and retroperitoneal lymph node were completely consistent. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, false-negative rate, and negative predictive value of SLN biopsy in the diagnosis of lymph node metastasis were 100%, 100%, 100%, 0, and 100%, respectively. Conclusions:SLN in early-staged cervical cancer patients were mainly distributed in the obturator and external iliac space, pathalogical ultra-staging of SLN could improve the prediction of LN metastasis. Intraoperative SLN mapping is safe, feasible and could predict the state of retroperitoneal LN metastasis in early-staged cervical cancer. SLNB may replace systemic pelvic lymphadenectomy.