OBJECTIVETo establish the three-dimensional model of human permanent premolars based on Micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT) data, and evaluate the efficiency quantitatively of two different instrumentations for root canal retreatment.

METHODSForty extracted permanent premolars for the reason of orthodontic treatment were collected, prepared by using ProTaper Ni-Ti files and filled by cold gutta pertscha lateral condensation technique. The subjects were scanned by Micro-CT. Forty teeth were randomly divided into two groups and retreated by K-Flexo files and ProTaper Universal retreatment system respectively. Then all subjects were scanned again, and the mean percentage of remaining filling materials and the scores of remaining filling materials presented in upper, middle and apical 1/3 of the canal were calculated.

RESULTSMean percentage of the remaining filling materials by K-Flexo files was lower than that by ProTaper Universal retreatment system (P=0.005). The scores demonstrated that K-Flexo files had greater efficiency than ProTaper Universal retreatment system when retreating the apical 1/3 of canal (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONThis study shows that both techniques could not remove filling materials completely.

Dental Alloys ; Dental Pulp Cavity ; Gutta-Percha ; Humans ; Nickel ; Retreatment ; Root Canal Filling Materials ; Root Canal Preparation ; Root Canal Therapy ; Titanium ; X-Ray Microtomography

Objective To explore the risk factors of electrocardiogram abnormalities in patients with primary liver cancer and its value in predicting prognosis.Methods A total of 120 primary liver cancer patients with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization(TACE)were selected as the research objects,and they were divided into abnormal group(n=32)and non-abnormal group(n=88)ac-cording to incidence of electrocardiogram abnormalities at 7 days after operation.Baseline data and changes in 24-hour QT interval variability(24-hour QTV),standard deviation of the normal R-R in-terval from the beginning of atrial depolarization to ventricular depolarization(SDNN),standard devia-tion of the normal R-R interval for 5 consecutive minutes(SDANN-index),and mean value of the standard deviation of the normal R-R interval for 5 consecutive minutes(SDNN-index)were compared between two groups;a binary Logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of e-lectrocardiogram abnormalities in patients with primary liver cancer;the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to analyze the area under the curve(AUC),sensitivity and specificity of 24 h QTV,SDNN,SDANN-index and SDNN-index in predicting ECG abnormalities in patients with pri-mary liver cancer.Results Of the 120 primary liver cancer patients with TACE treatment,32 ca-ses had electrocardiogram abnormalities,including 13 cases of sinus tachycardia with T-wave chan-ges,2 cases of ST-T changes,4 cases of supraventricular tachycardia,4 cases of QT interval prolon-gation,4 cases of ventricular premature beats,and 5 cases of atrial premature beats.There were no significant differences in gender,age,super-selective hepatic artery catheterization,gelatin sponge embolization,use of chemotherapy drugs,postoperative vomiting,and blood uric acid on the third day after surgery between the abnormal group and the non-abnormal group(P＞0.05);there were significant differences in tumor diameter,liver function classification,dosage of iodized oil,postop-erative body temperature,and blood potassium on the third day after surgery between the two groups(P＜0.05).Logistic regression model showed that tumor diameter ≥10 cm,grade A of liver func-tion classification,iodized oil dose ≥10 mL,postoperative body temperature ≥38 ℃,and decrea-ses of 24 h QTV,SDNN,SDANN-index and SDNN-index were the independent factors affecting e-lectrocardiogram abnormalities in patients with primary liver cancer(P＜0.05).ROC curve analy-sis showed that the values of AUC of 24 h QTV,SDNN,SDANN-index,SDNN-index and compre-hensive electrocardiogram parameters in predicting electrocardiogram abnormalities in patients with primary liver cancer were 0.682,0.651,0.632,0.752 and 0.786 respectively,with statistically significant differences(P＜0.05).Conclusion Tumor diameter,liver function classification,dose of iodide oil and postoperative body temperature can affect electrocardiogram abnormalities in patients with primary liver cancer,and electrocardiogram monitoring before and after TACE treat-ment is conducive to timely detection of electrocardiogram abnormalities.

Objective To explore the risk factors of electrocardiogram abnormalities in patients with primary liver cancer and its value in predicting prognosis.Methods A total of 120 primary liver cancer patients with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization(TACE)were selected as the research objects,and they were divided into abnormal group(n=32)and non-abnormal group(n=88)ac-cording to incidence of electrocardiogram abnormalities at 7 days after operation.Baseline data and changes in 24-hour QT interval variability(24-hour QTV),standard deviation of the normal R-R in-terval from the beginning of atrial depolarization to ventricular depolarization(SDNN),standard devia-tion of the normal R-R interval for 5 consecutive minutes(SDANN-index),and mean value of the standard deviation of the normal R-R interval for 5 consecutive minutes(SDNN-index)were compared between two groups;a binary Logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of e-lectrocardiogram abnormalities in patients with primary liver cancer;the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to analyze the area under the curve(AUC),sensitivity and specificity of 24 h QTV,SDNN,SDANN-index and SDNN-index in predicting ECG abnormalities in patients with pri-mary liver cancer.Results Of the 120 primary liver cancer patients with TACE treatment,32 ca-ses had electrocardiogram abnormalities,including 13 cases of sinus tachycardia with T-wave chan-ges,2 cases of ST-T changes,4 cases of supraventricular tachycardia,4 cases of QT interval prolon-gation,4 cases of ventricular premature beats,and 5 cases of atrial premature beats.There were no significant differences in gender,age,super-selective hepatic artery catheterization,gelatin sponge embolization,use of chemotherapy drugs,postoperative vomiting,and blood uric acid on the third day after surgery between the abnormal group and the non-abnormal group(P＞0.05);there were significant differences in tumor diameter,liver function classification,dosage of iodized oil,postop-erative body temperature,and blood potassium on the third day after surgery between the two groups(P＜0.05).Logistic regression model showed that tumor diameter ≥10 cm,grade A of liver func-tion classification,iodized oil dose ≥10 mL,postoperative body temperature ≥38 ℃,and decrea-ses of 24 h QTV,SDNN,SDANN-index and SDNN-index were the independent factors affecting e-lectrocardiogram abnormalities in patients with primary liver cancer(P＜0.05).ROC curve analy-sis showed that the values of AUC of 24 h QTV,SDNN,SDANN-index,SDNN-index and compre-hensive electrocardiogram parameters in predicting electrocardiogram abnormalities in patients with primary liver cancer were 0.682,0.651,0.632,0.752 and 0.786 respectively,with statistically significant differences(P＜0.05).Conclusion Tumor diameter,liver function classification,dose of iodide oil and postoperative body temperature can affect electrocardiogram abnormalities in patients with primary liver cancer,and electrocardiogram monitoring before and after TACE treat-ment is conducive to timely detection of electrocardiogram abnormalities.

Objective To investigate the early clinical and imaging features,treatment strategies of subarachnoid hemorrhage secondary to cerebral venous sinus thrombosis.Methods The clinical data of 3 patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage secondary to cerebral venous sinus thrombosis,admitted to our hospital from October 2013 to March 2015,were retrospectively analyzed.One patient underwent anticoagulant therapy singly,and two underwent anticoagulation and thrombolytic therapy.Results One patient was admitted to hospital in gestation period,two patients had unknown etiology.All patients complained of headache;among them,two presented with epilepsy.Two patients with early diagnosis and treatment of anticoagnlation and thrombolysis had favorable prognosis,one patient with secondary intracranial hemorrhage had good outcome after active treatment.Conclusions For those patients with onset of non-aortogenic subarachnoid hemorrhage,we must keep an eye out for underlying cerebral venous sinus thrombosis.Anticoagulant and thrombolytic therapy are the first-line treatment.It is suggested that the appropriate dosage at the appropriate time to prevent cerebral hemorrhage from occurring is necessary.

OBJECTIVE： To investigate the effects of different polar parts of 5 kinds of Alpinia on the function of sympathetic-adrenal system in gastric ulcer model rats with cold syndrome， such as the root of Alpinia officinarum， the rhizome and fruit of Alpinia galangal， the seed of Alpinia katsumadai， and the fruit of Alpinia oxyphylla. METHODS： SD rats were given Anemarrhena asphodeloides decoction at 4 ℃ and Glacial acetic acid solution intragastrically to induce gastric ulcer model with cold syndrome； the model rats were randomly divided into model group， Fuzi lizhong pills group （positive control， 9.0 g/kg）， cimetidine group （positive control， 0.003 3 g/kg）， low-dose and high-dose groups of petroleum ether， ethyl acetate， n-butanol and water extraction parts from 5 medicinal materials （hereinafter referred to as “gaoshidi” “gaoshigao” “dashidi” “dashigao” “hongshidi” “hongshigao” “caoshidi” “caoshigao” “yishidi” “yishigao” “gaoyidi” “gaoyigao” “dayidi” “dayigao” “hongyidi” “hongyigao” “caoyidi” “caoyigao” “yiyidi” “yiyigao” “gaozhengdi” “gaozhenggao” “dazhengdi” “dazhenggao” “hongzhengdi” “hongzhenggao” “caozhengdi” “caozhenggao” “yizhengdi” “yizhenggao” “gaoshuidi” “gaoshuigao” “dashuidi” “dashuigao” “hongshuidi” “hongshuigao” “caoshuidi” “caoshuigao” “yishuidi” “yishuigao”， 0.064/0.256， 0.032/ 0.128， 0.008/0.032， 0.075/0.3， 0.1/0.4， 0.064/0.256， 0.108/0.432， 0.16/0.64， 0.064/0.25， 0.125/0.5， 0.056/0.224， 0.108/0.432， 0.08/0.32， 0.2/0.8， 0.3/1.2， 0.14/0.56， 0.032/0.128， 0.028/0.112， 0.05/0.2， 0.087/0.348 g/kg， by mass of extraction parts）， with 10 rats in each group； and the blank group （normal temperature water） was set up. Next day after modeling， blank group and model group were given constant volume of normal temperature water intragastrically； administration group was given relevant solution 2 mL/100 g intragastrically， q12 h， 4 times in total. After last medication， urine contents of 17-OHCS， CAs substances （A， NE， DA） and serum contents of ACTH and D-β-H were determined by ELISA. RESULTS： Compared with blank group， the contents of 17-OHCS， A， NE and DA in urine， the contents of ACTH and D-β-H in serum were decreased significantly in model group （P＜0.01）. Compared with model group， the contents of 17-OHCS （Fuzi lizhong pills group， cimetidine group， gaoshidi， gaoshigao， dashigao， hongshigao， caoshigao and yishigao groups， ethyl acetate part groups of 5 medicinal materials， dazhenggao， hongzhenggao， caozhenggao and yizhenggao groups， gaoshuigao， dashuigao and hongshuigao groups）， A （Fuzi lizhong pills group， cimetidine group， gaoshigao， dashigao， hongshidi， hongshigao， caoshidi， caoshigao and yishigao groups， ethyl acetate part groups of 5 medicinal materials， gaozhenggao， dazhenggao， hongzhengdi， hongzhenggao， caozhenggao and yizhenggao groups， hongshuigao group）， NE （Fuzi lizhong pills group， cimetidine group， petroleum ether part， ethyl acetate part and n-butanol part groups of 5 medicinal materials， gaoshuigao， dashuigao and hongshuigao groups）， DA [Fuzi lizhong pills group， cimetidine group， petroleum ether part （except for gaoshidi group） and ethyl acetate part groups of 5 medicinal materials， gaozhenggao， dazhenggao， hongzhenggao， caozhenggao and yizhenggao groups， hongshuigao group] in urine， serum contents of ACTH [Fuzi lizhong pills group， petroleum ether part （except for gaoshidi， dashidi and caoshidi groups） and ethyl acetate part （except for dayidi and hongyidi groups） groups of 5 medicinal materials， hongzhenggao group， dashuigao group]， and D-β-H [Fuzi lizhong pills group， gaoshigao， dashigao， hongshidi， hongshigao and yishigao groups， ethyl acetate part groups of 5 medicinal materials （except for dayidi， hongyidi and yiyidi groups）， dazhenggao and hongzhenggao groups， hongshuigao group] were increased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. The contents of 17-OHCS and D-β-H in dashigao group， the contents of ACTH and D-β-H in caoshigao group and the contents of D-β-H in gaoshigao and yishigao groups were significantly lower than hongshigao group. The contents of DA in gaoyigao， caoyigao and yiyigao groups as well as the contents of D-β-H in gaoyigao， hongyigao， caoyigao and yiyigao groups were significantly lower than dayigao group； the contents of DA in gaoyigao and caoyigao groups were significantly lower than hongyigao group， the contents of ACTH in gaoyigao， dayigao， caoyigao and yiyigao groups were significantly higher than hongyigao group. The contents of 17-OHCS， DA and ACTH in gaozhenggao， dazhenggao， caozhenggao and yizhenggao groups， the contents of A in dazhenggao， caozhenggao and yizhenggao groups as well as the contents of D-β-H in gaozhenggao， caozhenggao and yizhenggao groups were significantly lower than hongzhenggao group. The contents of 17-OHCS and D-β-H in caoshuigao and yishuigao groups were significantly lower than dashuigao group. The contents of 17-OHCS， DA and D-β-H in caoshuigao and yishuigao groups as well as the contents of DA and D-β-H in gaoshuigao groups were significantly lower than hongshuigao group （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS： Different polar parts of 5 kinds of Alpinia can improve gastric ulcer model rats with cold syndrome to different extents； among them， the fruit of A. galangal is the best， followed by the root of A. officinarum. Above medicinal materials can regulate the function of sympathetic-adrenal system by increasing the contents of 17-OHCS， CAs and D-β-H.