1.Analysis of Exposure-Response Relationships of Air Particulate Matter and Adverse Health Outcomes in China
Journal of Environment and Health 1989;0(06):-
Objective To analyze the epidemiological data on air particulate matter and adverse health outcomes in China, and to estimate the exposure_response relationships. Methods An electronic search of relevant literature was conducted to determine the exposure_response relationship for each health outcome associated with exposure to air particulate matter, and the approach of Meta_analysis was used when there were several studies describing the same health endpoint. Results For each health outcome from morbidity to mortality changes, the relative risks were estimated when the concentration of air particulate matter increased some certain units. Conclusion The exposure_response relationships described here might be further applied to health risk assessment of air particulate matter in China.
2.The cytotoxic effects of extracts from dominant indoor airborne fungal culture
Jing XIAO ; Qingli XI ; Haidong KAN
Journal of Medical Postgraduates 2003;0(11):-
Objectine:To study the cytotoxicity of extracts of dominant indoor airborne fungal culture. Methods:Chinese hamster lung(CHL) cell culture was carried out in vitro.Cells were exposed to extracts of dominant indoor airborne fungal culture,then MTT method and CHL colonies assay were performed to detect their cytotoxicity.The release of cytosolic enzyme Lactate Dehydrogenase(LDH) and the fluidity of K~+,Ca~(2+) were analysed. Results:With the increase of the dose,the LDH levels in culture medium increased and the Ca~(2+) concentration inside cells increased while the K~+ concentration inside cells decreased accordingly. Conclusion:The extracts of dominant indoor airborne fungal culture could damage cell membrane,and have cytotoxicity.
3.Methodological Research on the Health-based Risk Assessment on Air Pollution
Bingheng CHEN ; Chuanjie HONG ; Haidong KAN
Journal of Environment and Health 2001;18(2):67-69
Objective To get comprehensive and quantitative evaluation of the impact of ambient air pollution on human health. Methods The approach recommended in this paper is a quantitative estimate on the health impact from exposure to air pollutants based on the internationally accepted quantitative risk assessment framework and the per unit increase in mortality or morbidity due to per unit increase of air pollutants levels. Results A schematic diagram of health-based risk assessment on air pollutants is presented. Calculation for excess deaths and excess disease cases is also provided. Conclusion This approach could be used for comparing the health effects associated with exposure to air pollutants of various Chinese cities in different time periods and is also useful in the priority setting of air pollution intervention and improvement measures and health-based cost benefit analysis.
4.Association of Air Pollution With Daily Mortality in Zhabei District of Shanghai: a Case,Crossover Analysis
Jian JIA ; Haidong KAN ; Bingheng CHEN ; Al ET ;
Journal of Environment and Health 1992;0(05):-
Objective To assess the association of air pollution with daily mortality among residents of Zhabei district in Shanghai. Methods Case,crossover analysis and conditional Logistic regression model were used to analyze the association of air pollution with daily mortality of residents in Zhabei district of Shanghai from June 2000 to December 2002. Results Using a symmetric bi,directional control sampling approach, the results obtained from a conditional logistic regression model with four reference periods after controlling for weather conditions showed that the OR of non,accidental mortality associated with each 10 ?g/m3 increment of PM10, SO2 and NO2 over a 48,hr moving average were 1.007(95%CI 1.003-1.011),1.011(95%CI 1.001-1.021),1.010(95%CI 1.000-1.020)respectively. Similar associations were observed between mortality of cardiovascular diseases and PM10, mortality of respiratory diseases and NO2. Also, PM10 was associated with mortality in a sensitivity analysis. Conclusion The acute effect of air pollution on mortality of the general population was established in Zhabei district of Shanghai.
5.Daily visibility and hospital admission in Shanghai, China.
WenZhen GE ; RenJie CHEN ; WeiMin SONG ; HaiDong KAN
Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2011;24(2):117-121
OBJECTIVEThe study is to investigate the associations between visibility, major air pollutants and daily counts of hospital admission in Shanghai, China.
METHODSDaily data on hospital admission, visibility, and air pollution during 2005-2008 were obtained from the Shanghai Insurance Bureau (SHIB), Shanghai Meteorological Bureau, and Shanghai Environmental Monitoring Center, respectively. The generalized additive model (GAM) with penalized splines was used to examine the associations between daily visibility and hospital admission.
RESULTSAmong various pollutants, PM(2.5) showed strongest correlation with visibility. Decreased visibility was significantly associated with increased risk of hospital admission in Shanghai. An inter-quartile range decrease in the 2-day (L01) moving average of visibility corresponded to 3.66% (95%CI: 1.02%, 6.31%), 4.06% (95%CI: 0.84%, 7.27%), and 4.32% (95%CI: 1.67%, 6.97%) increase of total, cardiovascular, and respiratory hospitalizations, respectively.
CONCLUSIONOur analyses provide the first piece of evidence in China, demonstrating that decreased visibility has an effect on hospital admission, and this finding strengthens the rationale for further limiting air pollution levels in Shanghai.
Air Pollutants ; chemistry ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; epidemiology ; pathology ; China ; epidemiology ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Particulate Matter ; chemistry ; Respiratory Tract Diseases ; epidemiology ; pathology ; Risk Factors ; Weather
6.Diurnal temperature range as a novel risk factor for sudden infant death.
Chen CHU ; WenHao ZHOU ; YongHao GUI ; HaiDong KAN
Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2011;24(5):518-522
OBJECTIVETo assess the relationship between diurnal temperature range (DTR) and sudden infant death (SID) between 2001 and 2004 in Shanghai, China.
METHODSWe conducted a time-stratified case-crossover analysis to estimate the percent increase of SID associated with changes in DTR after adjustment for daily weather conditions (temperature and relative humidity) and outdoor air pollution.
RESULTSDTR was significantly associated with daily SID. An increase of 1 °C in the current-day (L0) and in the 2-day moving average (L01) DTR corresponds to a 1.56% (95% CI: 0.97%, 2.15%) and a 1.89% (95% CI: 1.17%, 2.60%) increase in SID, respectively.
CONCLUSIONAn increased DTR was associated with an increased risk of SID in Shanghai. More studies are needed to understand the effect of DTR on infant deaths.
Air Pollutants ; analysis ; China ; epidemiology ; Death Certificates ; Humans ; Humidity ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Nitrogen Dioxide ; analysis ; Ozone ; analysis ; Particulate Matter ; analysis ; Risk Factors ; Sudden Infant Death ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Sulfur Dioxide ; analysis ; Temperature
7. Impact of fine particulate matters on the daily number of emergency visits and outpatient visits of 5 hospitals in Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou, 2013-2015
Yue NIU ; Renjie CHEN ; Zhijing LIN ; Haidong KAN
Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine 2019;53(1):81-85
Objective:
To explore the effect of fine particulate matters (PM2.5) exposure on emergency visits and outpatient visits of 5 hospitals in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou from 2013 to 2015.
Methods:
Using convenient sampling method, 5 general hospitals in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou were selected which included Beijing hospital, China-Japan friendship hospital, Xinhua hospital affiliated to Shanghai jiaotong University School of Medicine, the liwan hospital of the third affiliated hospital and the first affiliated hospital of Guangzhou Medical University. The emergency and outpatient data, air pollution monitoring data and meteorological data were collected from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2015. A generalized additive model was used to analyze the effect of PM2.5 exposure on daily hospital emergency and outpatient visits, and Meta analysis was used to obtain the combined effect value.
Results:
The number of emergency and outpatient visits of 5 hospitals was 1 378 501 and 18 139 779 in total, respectively. The mean±
8.Air pollution and population health: a global challenge.
Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine 2008;13(2):94-101
"Air pollution and population health" is one of the most important environmental and public health issues. Economic development, urbanization, energy consumption, transportation/motorization, and rapid population growth are major driving forces of air pollution in large cities, especially in megacities. Air pollution levels in developed countries have been decreasing dramatically in recent decades. However, in developing countries and in countries in transition, air pollution levels are still at relatively high levels, though the levels have been gradually decreasing or have remained stable during rapid economic development. In recent years, several hundred epidemiological studies have emerged showing adverse health effects associated with short-term and long-term exposure to air pollutants. Time-series studies conducted in Asian cities also showed similar health effects on mortality associated with exposure to particulate matter (PM), sulfur dioxide (SO(2)), nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)) and ozone (O(3)) to those explored in Europe and North America. The World Health Organization (WHO) published the "WHO Air Quality Guidelines (AQGs), Global Update" in 2006. These updated AQGs provide much stricter guidelines for PM, NO(2), SO(2) and O(3). Considering that current air pollution levels are much higher than the WHO-recommended AQGs, interim targets for these four air pollutants are also recommended for member states, especially for developing countries in setting their country-specific air quality standards. In conclusion, ambient air pollution is a health hazard. It is more important in Asian developing countries within the context of pollution level and population density. Improving air quality has substantial, measurable and important public health benefits.
9. Transumbilical single-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy for chronic cholecystitis with cholecystolithiasis
Haidong LI ; Anan XU ; Bo WANG ; Anhua HUANG ; Kan DING ; Chuanqi HE ; Hai HU
Chinese Journal of Hepatobiliary Surgery 2019;25(10):733-736
Objective:
To study the feasibility, safety and aesthetics of laparoscopic cholecystectomy using a single-port through the umbilicus in patients with chronic cholecystitis with cholecystolithiasis.
Methods:
From Jan 2007 to Jun 2017, the clinical data of 4790 patients who underwent single-port, 4 426 patients conventional three-ports, and 3 304 patients two-ports laparoscopic cholecystectomy were retrospectively studied.
Results:
There were no death in all the three groups. There were no significant differences in the incidences of postoperative bleeding, bile leakage, biliary tract injury and other significant short-term complications (all
10. Research progress of ambient air pollution and human health in China
Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine 2019;53(1):4-9
As one of the major environmental and health problems in China, ambient air pollution has attracted substantial public concerns. This paper reviews the current evidence on air pollution and population health in China, including acute health effect studies, chronic health effect studies, disease burden, and interventions studies. Future research directions are also discussed.