Chinese medicinal formulae( CMF) were often used in the clinics of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) which were critical for modernization of Chinese medicine to shed light on the interaction between CMF and biological organisms. In current studies, correlation between system and part, macroscopic actions and microcosmic mechanism, ADME process and pharmacologic actions were often neglected. Thus, we put forward integrative pharmacology, which could integrate the correlation between CMF and biological organisms from multi-levels and multi-dimensional views. Integrative pharmacology would reveal the molecular mechanism of CMF for ailments treatment and screen out effective material systematically, which would be the new paradigm of TCM research.
Absorption ; Computational Biology ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; trends ; Pharmacology ; methods ; trends ; Tissue Distribution

Female ; Humans ; Cervix Uteri/surgery* ; Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine/surgery*

Hearing Loss, Sudden ; therapy ; Humans ; Hyperbaric Oxygenation ; adverse effects ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neck ; Subcutaneous Emphysema ; etiology

Adult ; Carbamazepine ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Drug Eruptions ; etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Tinnitus ; drug therapy

Chromosome Aberrations ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Humans ; Killer Cells, Natural ; pathology ; Lymphoma, T-Cell ; etiology ; genetics ; pathology ; therapy ; Nose Neoplasms ; etiology ; genetics ; pathology ; therapy ; Prognosis

Acupuncture Therapy ; Adult ; Aged ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Needles ; Periarthritis ; therapy ; Punctures ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVE:To study the preparation technology of Chinese traditional medicine Seborrhea liniment.METHODS:The preparation technology of Seborrhea liniment was optimized by orthogonal experiment design L9(34)using 60% alcohol as solvent with the content of Berberine hydrochloride as index for evaluation and with the extraction method,extraction time,amount of solvent and number of extraction times as factors.RESULTS:The optimum preparation technical conditions were as follows:by impregnating method,the extraction time was 48 h using 1 500 mL alcohol and the extraction frequency was 2 times.CONCLUSION:The preparation technology of Chinese traditional medicine Seborrhea liniment is stable and feasible,and it serves as a theoretical basis for the industrial production.

OBJECTIVE: To extract sperm DNA from mixed stain by the modified differential lysis method combined with silicon bead method and to evaluate its application value. METHODS: Fifty-two mixed stains containing female STR genotypes detected by differential lysis method were collected. The sperm DNA was extracted by the modified method combined with silicon bead method, then genotyped with the Identifiler Kit, and compared with the results of genotyping by the conventional differential lysis method as control. RESULTS: Of the 52 samples, 38 samples with sole male STR genotypes in all loci were detected. The detection rate of male STR genotypes was 98.08% through the modified method combined with silicon bead method. CONCLUSION The modified differential lysis method combined with silicon bead method can be used in extraction of sperm DNA from mixed stain.
DNA/isolation & purification* ; DNA Fingerprinting ; Female ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Silicon ; Spermatozoa

Objective To investigate the mechanism of preventing islet β-cell apoptosis in NOD mice with pioglitazone.Methods Female NOD mice at 4 weeks of age were divided into pioglitazone group ( n =21,0.02％pioglitazone was added into the feed ) and control group ( n =21,fed with regular diet).The accumulative incidence of diabetes was followed-up to 52 weeks of age in each group of NOD mice.Pancreas was removed from NOD mice at 12 weeks of age in each group ( n =15 ) to score severity of insulitis by routine H-E staining.The apoptotic β-cells in islets were observed with double-labeling technique of TUNEL in situ combined with standard sensitive avidin-biotin complex (sABC) immunohistochemical method.The spleens were taken for cell culture; IL-4 and IFN-γ levels in sera and supernatants of cultured splenocyte,the activity of PPARγ and NF-κB nuclear proteins in cultured splenocyte were measured by ELISA.Results (1)At 30 and 52 weeks of age,the respective incidences of diabetes were 57.1％ and 76.2％ in pioglitazone group,and 76.2％ and 90.5％ in control group ( all P＞0.05 ).At 15 weeks of age,the incidence became 4.8％ in pioglitazone group,and 33.3 ％ in control group ( P =0.045 ).( 2 ) At 12 weeks of age,the percentages of non infiltrated islet and peri-insulitis islet in pioglitazone group were higher than those in control group ( 14.73％ vs 5.69％,P＜0.01 ; and 26.02％ vs 15.72％,P＜0.01 ),and that of intraislet insulitis was lower than that in control group ( 59.25％ vs 78.59％,P＜0.01 ).The percentage of apoptotic β-cell in pioglitazone group was lower than that in control group( 6.17％ ±3.62％ vs 10.62％ ±4.43％,P=0.008 ).(3) In sera,IFN-γ level in pioglitazone group was lower than that in control group [( 561.05±78.61 ) vs ( 666.43 ± 28.42 ) pg/ml,P =0.045].In cultured splenocyte supernatant,the level of IFN-γ in pioglitazone group was lower than that in control group[(605.84+65.60) vs (692.20+44.98) pg/ml,P=0.041].(4) In cultured splenocyte,PPARγ nuclear protein activity in pioglitazone group was higher than that in control group ( 0.06 ± 0.01 vs 0.03 ± 0.01,P =0.013 ),and NF-κB nuclear protein activity was lower than that in control group ( 0.03 ± 0.01 vs 0.08± 0.01,P =0.001 ).Conclusions Pioglitazone activates PPARγ nuclear protein,inhibits activity of NF-κB nuclear protein,downregulates IFN-γ,diminishes differeutiation of Th cells to Th1,and subsequently prevents insulitis and β-cell apoptosis in NOD mice.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of pioglitazone preventing diabetes and the role of nuclear factor of actived T cells (NFAT) on non-obese diabetic(NOD) mice .Methods (1)Female NOD mice at 4 weeks of age were randomly divided into pioglitazone group(n=21) and control group(n=21) .The accumulative diabetes incidence was followed-up to 30 weeks of age in each group of NOD mice .(2)Pancreas were removed from NOD mice at 12 weeks of age in each group(n=15) to score insulitis se-verity by routine HE staining .IL-4 ,IFN-γand peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ(PPARγ) mRNA levels in spleens were tested by RT-PCR .IL-4 and IFN-γlevels in sera ,the activity of PPARγand NFATc1 nuclear protein in spleens were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) .Results (1) At 15 weeks of age ,the diabetes incidence was 4 .76% in pioglitazone group ,and 33 .33% in control group(P<0 .05) .At 30 weeks of age ,the diabetes incidence was 57 .14% in pioglitazone group ,and 76 .19% in control group(P>0 .05) .(2) At 12 weeks of age ,the insulitis score in pioglitazone group was lower than that in control group[(1 .79 ± 0 .75) vs .(2 .38 ± 0 .66) ,P<0 .05] .(3) IFN-γ mRNA level in pioglitazone group was lower than that in control group[(0 .16 ± 0 .07) vs .(0 .53 ± 0 .26) ,P<0 .05] ,and PPARγmRNA level in pioglitazone group was higher than that in control group(0 .91 vs .0 .25 ,P<0 .05) .(4)IFN-γ level in pioglitazone group was lower than that in control group [(561 .05 ± 78 .61)pg/mL vs .(666 .43 ± 28 .42)pg/mL ,P<0 .05] .(5)At 12 weeks of age ,the spleen PPARγnuclear protein activity in pioglitazone group was higher than that in control group [(0 .05 ± 0 .01) vs .(0 .02 ± 0 .01) ,P<0 .05)] ,and NFATc1 nuclear protein activity was low-er than that in control group[(0 .23 ± 0 .04) vs .(0 .33 ± 0 .04) ,P<0 .05] .Conclusion Pioglitazone could activate PPARγ nuclear protein ,inhibit activity of NFATc1 nuclear protein ,downregulate IFN-γ,diminish Th cells deviating to Th1 ,and sequently prevents insulitis and diabetes onset in NOD mice .