Objective: To use the pooled sampling method to reduce the error caused by the detecting precision, so as to improve the accuracy of population rate estimates. Methods: A formula was deduced on how to obtain the ideal rate under given sensitivity and specificity, and the mean relative errors of rate estimation with different pool sizes were simulated and calculated using software SAS 9.1. Results: When the actual rate was lower than the ideal rate, the errors caused by the detecting precision could be greatly reduced through adjusting the rate of mixed samples. Conclusion: When the population rate is low, the accuracy of rate estimation can be improved and the numbers of tests can be reduced by using pooled sampling method under given specificity and sensitivity.

Objective: Currently most researches concerning electret transdermal patches are performed by one-factor experimental design with relatively poor efficiency. To analyze the influencing factors in a more systematical and effective manner, we put forward an optimized design for in vitro experiment with electret transdermal patches. Methods: Due to the great number and various levels of factors impacting the charge storage stability of electrets, we combined uniform design and orthogonal design to optimize the screening for the stable transdermal patch. In the following in vitro study, we optimized the design of percutaneous experiments to screen for charge polarity and penetration enhancers using a two-factor experimental design. And using an orthogonal experimental design, we further studied the influence of different levels of main drug, surface potential and penetration enhancer on transdermal absorption. Conclusion: The present design, taking into consideration of various factors and using multi-factor experimental design, can more effectively analyze data, reduce workload, and is feasible.

Cardiomyopathies ; complications ; Diverticulum ; complications ; Hematoma ; complications ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged

Objective To investigate satisfactory degree on basic medical insurance system for the aged and to provide more data for improving insurance policies. Methods A face-to-face questionnaire survey was carried out with 367 elderly residents in Zhoupu communities in Shanghai using cluster random sampling method. The survey included social demographic characteristics, medical insurance, chronic disease, health cost, etc. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis, Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression analysis by SPSS software. Results Totally 357 effective questionnaires were collected, with the effective rate being 97.3%. The overall satisfaction rate of the retired employees was high according to our survey, but the satisfaction rates of urban non-employed residents and land-requisitioned peasants were relatively low (P<0.001). Single factor analysis and multiple factor analysis both revealed that income, number of chronic diseases and self-rating health had significant association with satisfaction rate of the participants (P<0.05). Conclusion The basic medical insurance for urban non-employed residents and landless peasants needs to be further improved.

Objective To analyze the mental health status and its influencing factors in the elderly living in Xi'an communities, so as to bring forth countermeasures to improve their mental health. Methods Convenience sampling was used to select 310 residents aged 60 years or above from 2 communities in Xi'an, and the subjects were surveyed by a self-designed questionnaire. The survey included social demographic characteristics, social support, disability, chronicdisease costs, physical exercises, mental health problems and the coping methods. Univariate chi-square test and multivariable logistic regression were used to identify factors associated with mental health of the elderly. Results Questionnaires with uncompleted answersor suspected unreal answers were excluded. Totally 304 effective questionnaires were collected, with the effective rate being 98. 1%. The prevalence of mental disorderswas 27. 1 % in the present study. Chi-square tests showed that the chronicdisease costs, disability, social support and physical exercises were the influencing factors of the mental health status. Multivariable logistic regression analysis demonstrated that medical insurance, chronicdisease costs, social support and physical exercises were important factors influencing themental health of the elderly. Conclusion It is important to emphasize the spiritual support for the aging population and the fading family support in China. We should improve the social support for the elderly and build up mental supporting services so as to improve their mental health.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of Qianjin Fubao (QJFB) on behavior and estradiol level in femal chronic stress model rats.

METHODTwenty four female Wistar rats (2 month old) were evenly randomized into normal control, animal model and QJFB (0.7 g x kg(-1) x d(-1)) group. The QIFB group and the stress group were exposed to a chronic unpredictable stress for 21 days. Rats of the QJFB group received perfusion of Qianjin Fubao, and rats of stress and control group were perfused with normal saline. The behavior of three groups were determined with the method of Open-field before and after right stress respectively. Serum level of estradiol was detected with radioim munoassay.

RESULTThe behavioral score and the serum level of estradiol of the stressed group were significantly lower than those of the control group after stress (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences of behavioral score and the serum level of estradiol between QJFB group and control group.

CONCLUSIONThe chronic unpredictable stress can induce the stressful change of behavior, and QJFB may recover the rats'abnormal behavior and improve the serum level of estradiol. QJFB may have protective effect on stress.

Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; drug effects ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Estradiol ; blood ; Female ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Stress, Psychological ; blood ; physiopathology

40 IU/ml were used as cut-off points.(4) TSH level was higher in subjects with positive thyroid autoantibodies than those without antibodies (P

Antibodies, Monoclonal ; therapeutic use ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived ; Antigens, CD20 ; analysis ; Antineoplastic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Liver Transplantation ; adverse effects ; Lymphoproliferative Disorders ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; drug therapy ; Rituximab

Acupressure ; methods ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Cervical Vertebrae ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Spinal Curvatures ; pathology ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

ObjectiveTo investigate the influence of recombinant thioredoxin (TRX)on apoptosis of myocardium cell in viral myocarditis of mice.MethodsTwenty-four Balb/c mice,weighting 12 - 14 g,were randomly divided into 3 groups:the control group,the virus group and the protective group,8 mice in each group.The virus group and the protective group were injected with 0.1 ml 100TCID50 Coxackie virus B3 (CVB3)intraperitoneally,and the control group was injected equal volume of saline.Therewithal the protective group was injected with TRX(2 mg/kg) by tail vein,and the virus group was injected saline the same way.After 14 days all mice were killed and hearts were taken.Changes of myocardial histopathology was observed with optical microscope,cell apoptosis was checked by TUNEL technique,and the expression of apoptosis-related proteins (Bcl-2,caspase-3)in infiltrated cell of myocardium was determined by immunohistochemistry.Results(①)Lymphocyte infiltration and necrosis were observed in survivals of the virus group,sporadic coagulation necrosis and ballooning degeneration of cells were observed in the protective group,however no myocardial lesion was found in the control group.(②)TUNEL technique showed that the positive ratio of apoptosis in the virus group and the protective group[(90.23 ± 3.63)％,(20.02 ± 2.41)％] was significantly higher than that of the control group(0.00 ± 0.00,all P ＜ 0.05),the positive ratio of apoptosis in the protective group was significantly lower than that of the virus group (P ＜ 0.05 ).(③)Immunohistochemistry showed that the expression of protein Bcl-2(+,++,+++) in the virus group and the protective group was significantly higher than that of the control group (all P ＜ 0.05).The expression of protein Bcl-2 in the protective group was significantly higher than that of the virus group(P ＜ 0.05).The expression of caspase-3 (+,++) was significantly higher in the virus group and the protective group than the control group (all P ＜ 0.05).Compared with the virus group,the expression of caspase-3 in the protective group was significantly lower(P ＜ 0.05).ConclusionTRX could inhibit cardiomyocyte apoptosis in viral myocarditis mice and the inhibition is related to regulation of apoptosis-related protein expression.