BACKGROUND:The number of patients in need of organ transplantation in China is increased by more than 10%per year. Due to the lack of voluntary donations, China is facing a more severe donor shortage than other countries. What are the specific reasons for the shortage of donor organs in China? What is the attitude toward organ donation in Chinese citizens? What factors are affecting the implementation of organ donation in Chinese citizens?
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the influence of traditional Chinese ideas on the wil ing of Chinese citizens toward organ donation after death.
METHODS:By random cluster sampling, 900 persons selected from different social classes as research objects received questionnaire survey. Self-made questionnaire consisted of cognition, attitude and behavior of the public in face of organ donation.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) 55.16%of persons thought that the main purpose of organ donation was to help others, 24.22%thought that the main purpose of organ donation was a manifestation of social morality, 11.94%thought that organ donation was the continuation of their lives. (2) There were 70.00%who said donations should be used for the cause of organ transplantation, in order to save more lives, and the average score was 2.53 points;while the number of persons who proposed donor organs would be applied in medical teaching was similar to that in pathological anatomy, and the average score was 1.72 and 1.75, respectively. (3) 65.01%of the public supported cardiopulmonary death standard to judge death, 24.33%supported brain death standard to judge death, and moreover, 10.66%of people did not know what to take. (4) 50.52%of people thought that the main factors affecting the organ donation was traditional Chinese culture and ideas, fol owed by the donation program and family feelings. The study found that traditional Chinese culture and ideas are the main factor affecting organ donation in the public, most people think that cardiopulmonary death standard is better to judge death and that the main purpose of organ donation is to help others that organ donation should be applied firstly to organ transplantation in order to save more lives.

AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of vitrectomy and pan-retinal photocoagulation followed with Ahmed implantation in management of neovascular glaucoma ( NVG) retrospectively.
METHODS: Vitrectomy combined with pan retinal photocoagulation and Ahmed implantation was performed on 15 cases ( 15 eyes ) with NVG. All patients were followed up for 12 ~ 36mo. The change of intraocular pressure (IOP), visual acuity, neovascularization of iris, complications were observed.
RESULTS: The visual acuity of 10 eyes was improved postoperative. IOP of postoperative 1, 6 and 12mo were decreased significantly compared with preoperative ( P<0.01 ) . Neovascularization of iris was reduced dramatically. No serious complications occurred.
CONCLUSION: Vitrectomy combined with pan retinal photocoagulation followed Ahmed implantation can manage NVG effectively.

The transesterification reaction conditions of lard with methyl acetate with combined use of immobilized lipases as catalysts were conducted. Initially, according to single factorial experiments, the studies on Lipozyme TL IM and Novozym 435 respectively catalyzed transesterification of lard showed that the optimal parameters of transesterification reaction were: the molar ratio of methyl acetate to oil of 14∶1, 40% enzyme added based on oil weight, temperature 50℃. Combined use of Lipozyme TL IM and Novozym 435 was proposed further to improve the catalytic performance by the response surface method (RSM). Herein, a 5-level-3-factor central composite rotated design was employed to evaluate the effects of lipase loading, the proportion of the two lipases and amount of methyl acetate. The optimum conditions were as followings: 40% lipase loading based on oil weight, 50%/50% the proportion of lipases (Novozym 435/Lipozyme TL IM), and the molar ratio of methyl acetate to oil of 14∶1. And under the optimal conditions, the highest biodiesel yield of 97.6% could be attained, which was higher than the biodiesel yield with each single one of the two lipases. The results suggested that the technics of combined use of certain immobilized lipases catalyzed transesterification reaction of lard for biodiesel production with methyl acetate as the acyl acceptor could raise the FAME yield and save the production cost.

Animals ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Female ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular ; cytology ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle ; cytology ; drug effects ; Nitric Oxide ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tamoxifen ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology

Acute Disease ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Diseases ; chemically induced ; Trimethyltin Compounds ; poisoning

Animals ; Brain Ischemia ; metabolism ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Fas Ligand Protein ; metabolism ; Hippocampus ; metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL

ObjectiveTo observe the retinal function and nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). MethodsLASIK was performed in 15 cases (30 eyes) with myopia after strict preoperative examination. All examinations such as vision, correction vision, diopter, intraocular pressure, corneal thickness, ocular axis, topography scan and fundus of eye examination were performed before and 1 day, 1 week, 1 month,3 months and 6 months after operation, as well as electroretinography (ERG), visual evoked potential (VEP), optical coherece tomography at same time. ResultsThere was not significant difference in the intraocular pressure, ERG and VEP 1 day after LASIK. The thickness of RNFL decreased 1 week after LASIK (P<0.05) and recovered 1～6 months later. ConclusionLASIK does not disturb the retinal function and RNFL thickness irreversiblely.

The specific fragment of Pneumococcal surface protein A(PspA)and Pneumococcal Surface Adhesin A(PsaA)gene was amplified by PCR from Streptococcus pneumonia 5 and Streptococcus pneumonia 19.The amplified fragnent of PspA and PsaA gene was ligated into pET-27b(+)vector and transformed into BL 21 E.coli for expression and obtain the expressive production of PspA and PsaA.Induced by IPTG,the expression level was as high as 75 % of the total disolube protein.The result showed that the recombinant plasmid could express a specific 75 kDa and 37 kDa fusion protein in E.coli BL 21,which showed the good immunogenicity and a broadly cross reactivity with the other serotypes.

Objective To evaluate the method for detection of urinary mercury using a Zeeman atomic absorption mercury analyzer and to provide a reference for selecting a convenient method for mercury detection in experiments and clinical diagnoses. Methods Urinary mercury was detected by Zeeman atomic absorption spectroscopy (ZAAS) and hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (HG-AAS), and the detection limit, accuracy, precision and consistency of the two methods were compared. Results The Data collected by ZAAS and HG-AAS showed a good linear relationship in the range of 0 -1000 ng/mL (ZASS, R2 =1. 0000) and 0 -20 ng/mL (HG-AAS, R2 =0. 9990). The detection limits of ZAAS was 0. 156 ng/mL and that of HG-AAS was 1. 593 ng/mL, indicating that ZAAS is more sensitive. The recovery rate of standard addition of ZAAS was between 97. 5％ and 103. 2％, and that of HG-AAS was between 95. 6％ and 104. 5％. After measurement of 10 ng/mL and 100 ng/mL mercury standard solutions repeated for 10 times, the relative standard deviation (RSD) of ZAAS was 0. 30％ and 0. 36％ respectively, and the RSD of HG-AAS was 2. 82％ and 1. 11％, respectively. The accuracy and precision of both the two method met the standards of GBZ/T 210. 5-2008, and the precision of ZAAS was better. A total of 30 urine samples were measured by these two methods. The results were compared with paired-samples t-test and showed a non-significant difference (P ＞ 0. 05), indicating a high consistency of these two method (R2 =0. 9961). Conclusions ZAAS is a convenient and accurate method for the detection of urinary mercury, with a relatively low detection limit and better precision.

Objective To explore the relationship between IL-1?-511C/T and IL-1?+3953C/T site polymorphisms and the susceptibility of pediatric epilepsy.Methods Under the case-control study,IL-1?-511C/T and IL-1?+3953C/T site polymorphisms in 117 patients with pediatric epilepsy and 95 healthy individuals controls(healthy control group) were analyzed with polymerase chain reaction restriction and fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP),the relationship between IL-1?-511C/T,IL-1?+3953 C/T site polymorphisms and the risk of pediatric epilepsy were analyzed.SAS 8.0 software was used to analyze the data.Results Multiple variate logistic regression analysis revealed that compared with healthy control group,there was no relationship between the IL-1?-511C/T site polymorphisms and the susceptibility of pediatric epilepsy individuals,carrying at least one +3953T variant allele(CT and TT genotypes) had a significantly increased risk for pediatric epilepsy(adjusted OR=2.46,95%CI 1.03-5.87),compared with the wild-type genotype(+3953CC).Furthermore,individuals with epilepsy or febrile seizures family history had a significantly higher risk(adjusted OR=4.12,95%CI 1.28-29.34),compared with those with both CC genotypes.Conclusions These findings support the hypothesis that IL-1?-511C/T site polymorphisms have no relationship with epilepsy,but the IL-1?+3953C/T polymorphism may contribute to the risk of developing pediatric epilepsy.