AimTo evaluate the effects of different doses of valsartan on blood pressure and left ventricular hypertrophy in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) . MethodsEighteen SHR(fourteenweek-old, male) were divided into three groups (six rats in each group ): SHR control group in which the rats were fed with normal saline; low dose valsartan group in which the rats were fed with valsartan 8 mg· kg-1 · d-1 and high dose valsartan group in which the rats were fed with valsartan 24 mg · kg -1 · d-1, all for 8 weeks. The rats in the WKY control group(n ＝ 6) were fed with normal saline for 8 weeks. Results SBP, LVM/ BW and TDM of SHR were remarkably lower than those of the control after drug intervention, and the effect on SBP, LVM/ BW and TDM was most remarkable in the high dose valsartan group. ConclusionDifferent doses of valsartan can decrease SBP of SHR and inhibit the progression of ventricular hypertrophy.

China ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Hepatitis B ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; drug therapy ; Liver Diseases, Alcoholic ; drug therapy ; Phytotherapy

Female ; Humans ; Cervix Uteri/surgery* ; Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine/surgery*

China ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; drug therapy

Adolescent ; Alleles ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Erythropoietin ; genetics ; Ethnic Groups ; genetics ; Female ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Young Adult

Abstract: Objective To establish an animal model of BALB/c mice infected with Burkholderia pseudomallei through the nose (inhalation route), provides a reliable animal model for the follow-up studies on the virulence of melioidosis and the pathogenesis of acute melioidosis. Methods　The experiment was carried out through infecting with Burkholderia pseudomallei through the nose (inhalation route). The pathophysiological response, visceral pathological damage and bacterial colonization of the mice infected with Burkholderia pseudomallei were observed by gross anatomy, histopathology and tissue homogenate count, and the biological characteristics of the mouse model of acute melioidosis were analyzed accordingly. Then we compared the physiological responses in BALB/c mice between the Burkholderia pseudomallei and non-pathogenic Burkholderia thailandensis. Results　In the model of acute nasal infection with Burkholderia thailandensis, most death happened between the 3rd to 5th day after infection, 3×105-3×106 CFU was the suitable dose for acute fatal melioidosis model of BALB/c mice, and the medium lethal dose was about 3×104-3×105 CFU. Both gross anatomy and tissue HE staining showed that abscesses or necrosis were found in the lung, spleen and liver, especially in the spleen and lung, which was positively correlated with the challenge dose. Viable bacteria was isolated from the blood, lung, spleen and liver of Burkholderia pseudomallei-infected mice, and the bacteria account colonization was related to tissue specificity. The concentration of live bacteria isolated from in the blood was the highest [Log2 value: (10.28±0.34) CFU/mL], and the organ with the maximum quantity of bacteria was the lung [Log2 value: (7.54±2.11) CFU/total organ]. It has been reported that the biological effects of Burkholderia pseudomallei and its homologous non-pathogenic Burkholderia thailandensis were similar at the cellular level, like multi-nuclear giant cell formation and active intracellular replication, while it is still unclarrified in the differences of virulence in mice. In this study, it was proved that Burkholderia thailandensis was not fatal to mice even at a high dose (8×107CFU), or detected from mice infected with it via nasal. Conclusion　We successfully established a reliable BALB/c mouse model (acute lethal model) of melioidosis via nasal infection, described its biological characteristics, and identified the different biological responses between Burkholderia pseudomallei and its homologous non-pathogenic Burkholderia thailandensis in mice.

Characters of one Candida intermedia yeast strain which isolated from nature can produce ethanol from xylose-fermenting been systemic studied. In conditions 28?C, 120 r/min, 72 h, it can produce 6.480 g/L ethanol from 7% xylose and 43.70% theoretical production of ethanol from 3% xylose. It can produce up to 21.225 g/L ethanol when incubation time prolong to 156 h from 8% xylose. It also can ferment 13% glucose produce 47.647 g/L ethanol and reach 76.90% of theoretical ethanol production, respectively. Compared to CK, ethanol productivity can be improved 9.91% when add 8% xylose in three times as 3%, 2% and 3%, respectively. Glucose can be first utilized in the mixture sugar medium. When the ratio of xylose vs. glucose is 3:1in mixture sugar, the productivity of ethanol can be improving 25%.

Background Surgical induced astigmatism induced by a 5.5mm of superior scleral tunnel incision is a key cause of influencing vision outcome in the high myopic eyes after implantation of Artisan phakic intraocular lens(IOL).Objective This study was to evaluate the surgical induced astigmatism through a 5.5mm superior scleral tunnel incision during the implantation of Artisan phakic IOL.Methods This was a case observational study.The clinical data of 202 eyes of 111 patients with Artisan IOL implantation for high myopia from October 2004 through October 2008 was collected.The patients were followed-up for 12 months.The uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA),best spectacle-corrected visual acuity(BCVA),spherical equivalent(SE),cylinder equivalent(CE) and cylinder axis were examined before surgery and postoperative 1,3,6,12 months.The patients were divided into with rule group and against rule group according to the cylinder axis.Surgery-induced astigmatism value was calculated using Holladay vector analysis formula.This clinical trial was approved by the Ethics Committee of Guangdong General Hospital.Written informed consent was obtained from each patient prior to the surgery.Results The UCVA of 195 eyes(94.1%) was 0.5 or better in postoperative 12 months,and that of 172 eyes(85.1%) showed the improvement of BCVA during the follow-up duration.The mean CE values were reduced in 1,3,6,12 months after surgery in comparison with before surgery(t=-4.30,P=0.00;t=-2.27,P=0.01;t=-2.04,P=0.04;t=-2.79,P=0.01).Vector analysis of total surgically induced astigmatism revealed that the mean incision-induced astigmatism value was +1.94D,+2.26D,+2.29D,+2.25D at 171°,170°,181°,175° in 1,3,6,12 months after surgery.The surgery-induced astigmatism was(+1.97±1.84)D,(+2.25±1.75)D,(+2.27±1.76)D,(+2.24±1.75)D in with rule group at postoperative 1,3,6,12 months respectively;while those in against rule group was(+1.75±1.88)D,(+2.35±1.74)D,(+2.38±1.76)D,(+2.34±1.74)D respectively.No significant differences were found between the two groups(t=0.54,-0.29,-0.27,-0.29;P=0.59,0.78,0.79,0.78).Conclusion Implantation of Artisan IOL is an effective approach for correction of high myopia.A 5.5mm superior scleral tunnel incision in operation induces a +2.25D astigmatism at 175° meridian.

Objective This study is about to detect the KCNJ5 gene variations in aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA) with primary hyperaldosteronism (PA),and to investigate the association of the KCNJ5 gene missense mutations with APA and PA.Methods A total of 46 APA tumors and their clinical characteristics were collected from Hypertension Center of the People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,and all the tumors were confirmed by pathology.All the samples of the coding region segments of KCNJ5 were detected by PCR and direct DNA sequencing to compare the different missense mutations in the tumor cells and peripheral blood cells and to analyze the association between the genotype and phenotype.Results Three missense mutations were found in 46 patients with APA:c.451G ＞ C/A (p.G151R) (5/46),c.503T ＞ G (p.L168R) (4/46),c.830T ＞ A (p.S209T) (12/46).S209T,as an unreported somatic mutation was observed.There were no missense mutations detected in the peripheral blood.Sex,age,systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,duration of hypertension,plasma potassium,urine potassium,aldosterone,plasma renin activity,aldosterone,and plasma renin activity ratio,as well as the rate of positive family history were compared between the mutants and wild-types.Systolic blood pressure and plasma potassium level among G151 R,L168R,and S209T had statistical differences.Systolic blood pressure in G151R was significantly higher than the other two groups,while the plasma potassium level was significantly lower than the other groups.Conclusions Three missense mutations were found in 46 patients with APA.The subjects with mutations had more serious condition than those without mutations after comparing their clinical phenotype.Besides,other different subtypes may exist in PA.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of ureteroscopic endo-incision and drainage in the treatment of renal cysts.Methods Thirty cases(19 females and 11 males)of renal cysts(1 1 parapelvie cysts,15 simple cysts.and 4 multiple cysts)were treated with ureteroscopic endo-incision and drainage.The renal cysts were located in renal pelvis,and opened and decompressed by electrotme with ureteroscope.Double J stent was placed afterwards.Urinary and blood biochemistry were tested post-operatively.Results All the operations were successfully completed with no severe complication.The cyst managing time ranged from 15 tO 45 min.Urinary biochemistry(urinary protein and glucose)turned normal 1 2 days after the surgery.Patients were followed up for 3 to 9 months.Renal cysts disappeared in 24 cases,diminished in 4 cases,and recurred in 2 cases.Conclusion Application of ureteroscopic technique in the treatment of renal cyst is safe,effective and minimally invasive.