To establish the online two-dimensional liquid chromatography by using double gradient liquid chromatography system and UV detector, in order to simultaneously determine the content of paeoniflorin, paenol, amygdaloside and cinnamic acid. A pump of the two-dimensional liquid chromatography was adopted as the one-dimensional separation pump. C18 (3.0 mm x 150 mm, 3 microm) was used as the analytical column, with acetonitrile as the organic phase and 0.08% phosphoric acid + 0.08% triethylamine as the aqueous phase for gradient elution at the flow rate of 0.5 mL x min(-1). Another pump of the two-dimensional liquid chromatography was adopted as the two-dimensional separation pump. PAII C18 was used as the analytical column, with acetonitrile as the organic phase and 20 mmol, pH 3.0 monopotassium phosphate as the aqueous phase for gradient elution at the flow rate of 0.8 mL x min(-1). The detection wavelengths were set at 218, 230, 275 nm by using wavelength time-switching program. The linearity range of paeoniflorin, amygdaloside, paeonol and cinnamic acid were 5.55-222 (r = 0.999 7), 6.6-264 (r = 0.999 8), 3.3-132 (r = 0.999 5) and 0.315-12.6 mg x L(-1) (r = 0.999 7), respectively. The average recoveries of the four components were between 96.12% and 103.9%. The experiment proved that this method was so rapid and accurate in determination results that it could be used for evaluating drug quality.
Capsules ; Chromatography, Liquid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Online Systems ; Time Factors

OBJECTIVETo explore the scavenging action of tenuigenin (TEN) on intracerebral amyloid β protein (Aβ) aggregation and the abnormal phosphorylated tau protein and its mechanism in Alzheimer's disease (AD) rats' brain.

METHODSAβ1-40 was injected into the right CA1 region hippocampus to establish the AD model. Successfully modeled rats were divided into the model group, the low, middle, high TEN group. Rats were administered with TEN (18.5, 37.0, 74.0 mg/kg) by gastrogavage. Besides, a sham-operation group was set up. Expression levels of Aβ1-40 and Tau p-Ser262 were detected by immunohistochemistry. Expression levels of ubiquitin (Ub) and Ub-protein ligase E3 were measured by Western blotting.The content of 26S proteasome was detected by ELISA.

RESULTSImmunohistochemical results showed that the number of Aβ and Tau p-Ser262 positively reacted neurons significantly increased in model group, when compared with the sham-operation group (P < 0.01). Results of Western blot showed expression levels of ubiquitinated protein were up-regulated and those of Ub-protein ligase E3 were down-regulated in the model group (P < 0.01). ELISA results showed that the content of 26S proteasome significantly decreased in AD rats' brain (P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, expression levels of Aβ1-40, Tau p-Ser262, and Ub significantly decreased; expression levels of Ub-protein ligase E3 apparently increased; the content of 26S proteasome significantly increased in each TEN treatment group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Best effect was shown in 37.0 mg/kg and 74.0 mg/kg TEN groups.

CONCLUSIONSUb proteasome pathway (UPP) participated in the occurrence of AD. TEN could obviously reduce intracere- bral Aβ1-40 accumulation and abnormal tau phosphorylation.

Alzheimer Disease ; metabolism ; Amyloid beta-Peptides ; Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Hippocampus ; metabolism ; Neurons ; metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex ; metabolism ; Rats ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases ; metabolism ; Ubiquitins

Twelve compounds were isolated from the venom of Bufo bufo gargarizans. On the basis of their physical and chemical properties and spectral data, their structures were identified as resibufagenin (1), bufotalin (2), desacetylcinobufagin (3), 19-oxodesacetylcinobufotalin (4), cinobufotalin (5), 1beta-hydroxylbufalin (6), 12alpha-hydroxybufalin (7), bufotalinin (8), Hellebrigenin (9), telocinobufagin (10), hellebrigenol (11) and cinobufagin-3-hemisuberate methyl ester (12), respectively. Compounds 7 and 12 are new natural products.
Animals ; Bufanolides ; chemistry ; Bufo bufo ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Molecular Structure ; Venoms ; chemistry

Objective To establish an universal primer-multiplex PCR system for diagnosis of Y chromosome AZF region microdeletions in 262 patients with non-obstructive azoospermic and severe oligozoospermic male infertility. Methods In each panel of multiplex PCR, YUP and YCP containing a fragment of non-human DNA sequence at their 5' ends were designed. The universal primers and chimiric primers were employed for the amplification at the same multiplex PCR system to screen for the Y chromosome AZF region ( a, b and c) microdeletions in 262 non-obstructive azoospermic and severe oligozoospermic male infertility patients. Results Thirty-three out of 262 patients (12. 60% ) were detected with Y chromosome AZF microdeletions. Among them, 27 cases were AZF c microdeletions and 6 ones were AZF b + c microdeletions. These results were in agreement with the results from EMQN method. There was no false-positivity. The gel electrophoresis for detection of multiple STS from both methods showed that the sY84,sY86, sY127, sY134, sY254, sY255, SRY bands were homogeneous and clear with similar brightness. Conclusion The modified multiplex PCR is suitable for screening of Y chromosome AZF microdeletions in non-obstructive azoospermic and severe digozoospermic male infertility patients.

Actins ; metabolism ; Animals ; Male ; Morphine ; adverse effects ; Morphine Dependence ; metabolism ; Prefrontal Cortex ; metabolism ; Proteome ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome ; metabolism ; Synaptosomal-Associated Protein 25 ; metabolism

Objective To investigate the condition of stressors of nurses in third-grade class-A hospitals. Methods A total of 1 413 nurses from eight domestic third-grade class-A hospitals were investigated by the Chinese Nurses Stressor Scale (CNSS). Results Among the 35 factors, all the 5 most highly scored factors belonged to the “ nursing specialty and work problems” dimension, among which “low income and benefits” scored the highest (3.46 ± 0.63). Of the 5 dimensions of stressors, unmarried nurses scored (3.01 ± 0. 52), (2.93 ± 0.65),(2.50 ±0.84),(2. 73 ±0.52), (2. 37 ±0.69), respectively, while married nurses scored (3. 15 ±0.55),(3.15 ±0.67),(2.71 ±0.94),(2.81 ±0.51),(2.46 ±0.69), respectively. The differences were statistically significant (t =4. 815, 6. 155, 4. 391, 2. 788, 2. 343;P ＜ 0. 05). Significant differences were found among different education levels on “workload and time allocation” and “nursing care of the patients” (F =8. 083 ,6. 551;P ＜ 0. 05) and those with bachelor's degree or above scored the highest. There was significant difference of the four dimensions of stressors among nurses of different professional titles(F = 12. 253,20. 315, 17. 229,6. 812; P ＜ 0. 05). Conclusions The stressors of nurses came from the nursing profession, working environment, interpersonal relationships, hospital management, etc. Stressor differs among nurses. Reasonable and effective measures should be adopted to reduce nurses' stress and improve their physical and mental health.

Objective To investigate coping strategies and their relationship with self-rated health of nurses in 3A military hospitals. Methods 727 nurses in four 3A military hospitals were assessed by Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire and Self-rated Health Measurement Scale. Results The three most commonly used coping styles in sequence were: “to communicate to pour out worries and troubles” (42.5％), “to try to look on the bright side of things” (40.7％) and “to seek for suggestions from relatives, friends, or colleagues”(38.6％). The least commonly adopted coping styles were “to depend on others to solve the problem” (3.3％),“to get rid of worries by dosing, eating,drinking or smoking” (4.1％) and “to believe that the current situation will change with time, and that the only thing to do is to wait” (6.6％). Average scores of the factors of all the sub-scales were of middle-upper level, ranging from 6.14 to 9.54. Positive strategies had significant positive correlation with scores of three sub-scales of self-rated health (r =0.200, 0.232, 0.313, 0.302, respectively,P＜0.01). Negative strategies had significant negative correlation with scores of three sub-scales of self-rated health (r=-0.143,-0.221,-0.115,-0.205, respectively, P＜0.01). Conclusions Different coping strategies have different effects on self-rated health of nurse in 3A military hospitals. Positive strategies could improve their status of self-rated health while negative ones had contrary effects.

To apply chitooligosaccharide in the preparation of baicalin compound, in order to increase the drug dissolution in vitro, and investigate the basic property of the compound. Baicalin-chitooligosaccharide compound was prepared by using the solvent method. The structure and physicochemical properties of compound were analyzed by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and infrared vibrational spectrum (IR), and its dissolution behavior was also investigated. The results showed that the compound prepared at baicalin-chitooligosaccharide molar ratio of 1 : 1 could significantly improve the dissolution of baicalin. The results of DSC and XRD analysis suggested that baicalin may exist in an amorphous state. IR results indicated the interaction between baicalin and chitooligosaccharide. The baicalin-chitooligosaccharide compound could significantly improve dissolution in vitro of drug.
Calorimetry, Differential Scanning ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; Drug Carriers ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Flavonoids ; chemistry ; Oligosaccharides ; chemistry ; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared

The aim of this study is to identify the present status of the scientific and technological personnel in the field of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) resource science. Based on the data from Chinese scientific research paper, an investigation regarding the number of the personnel, the distribution, their output of paper, their scientific research teams, high-yield authors and high-cited authors was conducted. The study covers seven subfields of traditional Chinese medicine identification, quality standard, Chinese medicine cultivation, harvest processing of TCM, market development and resource protection and resource management, as well as 82 widely used Chinese medicine species, such as Ginseng and Radix Astragali. One hundred and fifteen domain authority experts were selected based on the data of high-yield authors and high-cited authors. The database system platform "Skilled Scientific and Technological Personnel in the field of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource Science-Chinese papers" was established. This platform successfully provided the retrieval result of the personnel, output of paper, and their core research team by input the study field, year, and Chinese medicine species. The investigation provides basic data of scientific and technological personnel in the field of traditional Chinese medicine resource science for administrative agencies and also evidence for the selection of scientific and technological personnel and construction of scientific research teams.
Bibliography of Medicine ; Biomedical Research ; manpower ; Databases, Factual ; Humans ; Laboratory Personnel ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; growth & development

OBJECTIVETo explore the clinical effects of combined slower plasma exchange (PE) and continuous veno-venous hemofiltration (CVVH) with a parallel circuit in the treatment of chronic severe viral hepatitis B patients.

METHODS104 patients with chronic severe viral hepatitis B were divided into three groups: 44 patients were treated with a parallel circuit of combined slower plasma exchange and continuous veno-venous hemofiltration (group A), 30 patients were treated with plasma exchange (group B), and 30 patients received routine treatment (group C). Efficacy of treatment and survival rate in three groups were investigated. The levels of cytokine, plasma sodium concentration and pH value were examined before and after artificial liver support system treatment.

RESULTSIn group A, 7 of 9 patients in coma regained normal consciousness, 6 of 9 patients with hepatorenal syndrome restored renal function, hyponatremia was improved, the balance of pH value was corrected, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha level was decreased, and the total survival rate was 56.82%. In group B, 2 of 7 patients in coma regained normal consciousness, 1 of 5 patients with hepatorenal syndrome restored renal function. Hyponatremia, pH value and TNF-alpha level were not changed; the total survival rate was 33.33%. Both IL-1 and IL-6 levels were significantly decreased after treatment in group A. IL-10 level was increased in both group A and group B. In group C, 1 of 6 patients regained normal consciousness from coma, none of them restored renal function, and the total survival rate was 16.67%.

CONCLUSIONSCombined slower PE and CVVH with a parallel circuit is a new, safe and effective non-biological artificial liver in the treatment for chronic severe viral hepatitis B patients.

Hemofiltration ; Humans ; Interleukin-10 ; blood ; Interleukin-6 ; blood ; Plasma Exchange ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha