In recent years, the discovery and studies on aquaporin have made us have a more in-depth understanding about the physiological and pathological processes of water metabolism. Over years, however, there has been no quantitative study on the target sites of diuretic traditional Chinese medicines at the molecular level. In that case, aquaporin was found to been a new target molecule to explain the efficacy exertion of diuretic traditional Chinese medicines. By studying aquaporin, researchers can understand the implicit meaning of the diuretic effect of traditional Chinese medicines and conduct quantitative studies on the diuretic effect. So far, many scholars have conducted a series of studies in the traditional Chinese medicine field by using the findings on aquaporin and made certain advances. This article provides a summary about the efficacy exertion of diuretic traditional Chinese medicines through target molecule aquaporin.
Animals ; Aquaporins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Diuretics ; pharmacology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Water ; metabolism

Objective: In order to provide the standardization of production and quality control method of Mirabilitum Praeparatum, the fungi from fermentation broth of Mirabilitum Praeparatum were isolated and identificated, and the fermentation and processing of Mirabilitum Praeparatum were investigated. Methods: The traditional fermentation conditions of Mirabilitum Praeparatum such as temperature and humidity were imitated, using watermelon as culture media. Separation and purification of fungi in fermentation broth of Mirabilitum Praeparatum were carried out on PDA, CZA, and Sabourand media, using plate streaking method. The fungi isolated from fermentation broth of Mirabilitum Praeparatum were identified by morphological observation, microstructure observation, and comparison on DNA ITS sequences. Results: Six fungi were isolated from the fermentation broth of Mirabilitum Praeparatum and identified as WF-1 (Fusarium); WF-2 (Penicillium), WF-3 (Mucor); WF-4, WF-5, and WF-6 (Alternaria). Conclusion: Mirabilitum Praeparatum is produced by salt-tolerant fungi in fermentation broth of watermelon, rather than the traditional view that it is the small crystallization seeping from the watermelon.

Backcground:Ankyrin repeat and SOCS box protein 3 (ASB3) is a member of ASB family and contains ankyrin repeat sequence and SOCS box domain.Previous studies indicated that it mediates the ubiquitination and degradation of tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 and is likely involved in inflammatory responses.However,its effects on oncogenesis are unclear.This study aimed to investigate the effects of ASB3 on the growth and metastasis of colorectal cancer (CRC).Methods:We used next-generation sequencing or Sanger sequencing to detect ASB3 mutations in CRC specimens or cell lines,and used real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction,Western blotting,and immunohistochemical or immunofluorescence assay to determine gene expression.We evaluated cell proliferation by MTT and colony formation assays,tested cell cycle distribution by flow cytometry,and assessed cell migration and invasion by transwell and wound healing assays.We also performed nude mouse experiments to evaluate tumorigenicity and hepatic metastasis potential of tumor cells.Results:We found that ASB3 gene was frequently mutated (5.3％) and down-regulated (70.4％) in CRC cases.Knockdown of endogenous ASB3 expression promoted CRC cell proliferation,migration,and invasion in vitro and facilitated tumorigenicity and hepatic metastasis in vivo.Conversely,the ectopic overexpression of wild-type ASB3,but not that of ASB3 mutants that occurred in clinical CRC tissues,inhibited tumor growth and metastasis.Further analysis showed that ASB3 inhibited CRC metastasis likely by retarding epithelial-mesenchymal transition,which was characterized by the up-regulation of β-catenin and E-cadherin and the down-regulation of transcription factor 8,N-cadherin,and vimentin.Conclusion:ASB3 dysfunction resulted from gene mutations or down-regulated expression frequently exists in CRC and likely plays a key role in the pathogenesis and progression of CRC.

OBJECTIVETo clarify drug properties of components in Euodiae Fructus.

METHODThe rat cold syndrome model was induced by cold water stress method. The content of neurotransmitters sand hormones such as DA, 5-HT, NE, AChE and 17-OHCS in serum of model rats were taken as the indexes to evaluate drug properties of components in Euodiae Fructus.

RESULTEuodiae Fructus and its components could correct or relief the content of energy metabolism and substance metabolism-related neurotransmitters sand hormones in serum of model rats with water-stressed cold syndrome.

CONCLUSIONEuodiae Fructus and its components are proved to show hot property.

Animals ; Cold Temperature ; adverse effects ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Gastric Mucosa ; drug effects ; pathology ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; blood ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Stomach Ulcer ; blood ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Stress, Physiological

AIM: To study the chemical constituents of the roots of Achyranthes bidentata Bl. METHODS: The chemical constituents were isolated and purified by macroporous adsorptive resin D101, silica gel, and ODS column chromatographies and preparetive HPLC. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR analyses. RESULTS: Two feruloyl tyramine glycosides and seven triterpenoid saponins were obtained and identified as N-trans-feruloyl-3-methoxytyramine-4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), N-trans-feruloyl-3-methoxytyra mine-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), PJS-1 (3), chikusetsusaponin IVa (4), oleanolic acid 3-O-[β-D-glucuronopy ranoside-6-O-methyl ester]-28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (5), oleanolic acid 3-O-[β-D-glucuronopyran-oside-6-O-ethylester]-28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (6), oleanolic acid 3-O-[β-D-glucuronopyranoside-6-O-butyl ester]-28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (7), ginsenoside R(0) (8) and hederagenin-28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester (9). CONCLUSION Compound 1 is a new feruloyl tyramine glycoside, while compounds 2 and 9 are reported from A. bidentata for the first time.
Achyranthes ; chemistry ; Glucosides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Molecular Structure ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Saponins ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Triterpenes ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Tyramine ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

Anemarrhena asphodeloides processed by salt and raw product was compared including both chemical composition and laxative function in order to find the possible active substance to cure constipation. Processed and raw Anemarrhenae laxative effect on experimental constipation models was observed as well as chemical composition using UPLC-MS technology and the total sugar content was determined by phenol sulfuric acid method. Processed Anemarrhenae water extract improved excrement more than raw which has significant difference compared with the blank group (P < 0.05). On the other hand, the total ion flow spectrum showed no significant difference in most substance, but the total sugar content was significantly higher than raw product. Anemarrhenae ancient be recognized benefitting for draining body water in traditional Chinese medicine which has been lost in modern books because it is manifested as excellent laxative effect not diuretic effect. Saccharides carbohydrate may have closely relationship with this magically effect.
Anemarrhena ; chemistry ; Animals ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; Constipation ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Defecation ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Humans ; Laxatives ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Male ; Rats, Wistar ; Rhizome ; chemistry

The aim of this study was to look for the chemical constituents from the rhizomes of Dryopteris sublaeta. The fresh plant was extracted twice with boiling water, the extract was concentrated to small volume under reduced pressure at 50 degrees C. The concentrated material was partitioned with ether, ethyl acetate and n-butanol. The fraction of ethyl acetate was repeatedly chromatographied over silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 columns. Structures of pure compounds were established on the basis of their physiochemical and spectral data. Nine compounds were obtained and identified as sublaetentin A (1), sublaetentin B (2), sublaetentin C (3), sublaetentin D (4), matteuorienate A (5), matteuorienate C (6), arbutin (7), 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl-1-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (8) and 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl-1-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (9). Compounds 1 - 4 are new compounds, the others were isolated from this plant for the first time.
Arbutin ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Dryopteris ; chemistry ; Flavanones ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Flavonoids ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Glucosides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Glycosides ; chemistry ; Molecular Structure ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rhizome ; chemistry

To study the chemical constituents from the leaves of Celastrus gemmatus Loes., chromatographic methods were used to isolate and purify the chemical constituents, their structures were elucidated by the physiochemical characteristics and spectral data. Nine compounds were obtained and identified as (-)-massoniresinol 3a-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (1), ambrosidine (2), isolariciresinol 9-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (3), kaempferol 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (astragalin) (4), kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside (5), kaempferol 3-O-neohesperidoside (6), apigenin 7-O-beta-D-glucuronide (7), apigenin 7-O-beta-D-glucuronide methyl ester (8) and D-sorbitol (9). Compound 1 is a new compound, the others are isolated from this genus for the first time, and this is the first time to report lignan compounds from genus Celastrus.
Celastrus ; chemistry ; Furans ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Lignans ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry

Aim To investigate the protective effect of Citrus aurantium L. polysaccharides-B(CALB) on ra-diation induced by 60Co γ-ray in mice. Methods The BALB/c mice were randomly divided into blank control group, radiation model group, CALB administration group (high, medium and low dose), and positive control group(black fungus polysaccharide,HP). The mice were administered orally for 30 days. After the last administration for three hours,the survival rates on the 2nd day and the 14th day of the blank control group and the irradiated mice after the single radioac-tive irradiation (7 Gy) with 60Co γ-ray were meas-ured. In addition, DNA content and micronucleus of bone marrow cells, SOD, GSH-Px activities, MDA content in serum, liver and brain tissues in mice, TChE activity in brain tissues and spleen and thymus index of mice were detected after one-time whole body irradiation with 60Co γ-ray (3 Gy). Results Each dose group of CALB could significantly improve the survival rate of irradiated mice,increase the DNA con-tent of mouse bone marrow cells and reduce the number of micronuclei in bone marrow cells. In addition, CALB could also increase the thymus and spleen index and the levels of SOD and GSH-Px in serum,brain and liver tissues of mice,and reduce the content of MDA. Conclusion CALB has protective effect on radiation injury,which can be used for further development and utilization of Fructus aurantii.

AIM To conduct a metabolic research for a better understanding of nephrogenic edema and to assess the integral efficacy of Mori Cortex in rat model.METHODS The serum creatinine,urea nitrogen,albumin and urinary protein levels in rats were detected.UPLC-QTOF-MS was used to detect the urine metabolites changes,Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Orthogonal Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (OPLS-DA)were used to screen potential biomarkers,after whose quantification,Mev software was adopted for heat map draw-ing and hierarchical cluster analysis.RESULTS The model rats manifested significantly increased levels of serum creatinine,urea nitrogen and urinary protein,decreased albumin level,and an obviously excessive amino acid metabolism as well.The 41 identified biomarkers were mainly related to disturbances in phenylalanine,pyrimidine,arginine and proline,glycine,serine and threonine,tryptophan,cysteine and methionine metabolism,and biosynthesis of pantothenic acid and coenzyme A.A reversal trend in aforementioned levels of biochemical indexes and most biomarkers due to the intervention by Mori Cortex signaled an improvement in the metabolic disorder,renal dysfunction and edema.CONCLUSION The metabolic study demonstrates the pathological status of nephrogenic edema and assesses the effect of Mori Cortex from an overall perspective,highlighting a new approach for illustrating Chinese medical syndrome and the underlying mechanism in the management of traditional Chinese medicine.