Whether M3 cholinergic receptor signal transduction pathway is involved in regulation of the activation of NF-kappaB and the expression of chemokine MOB-1, MCP-lgenes in pancreatic acinar cells was investigated. Rat pancreatic acinar cells were isolated, cultured and treated with carbachol, atropine and PDTC in vitro. The MOB-1 and MCP-1 mRNA expression was detected by using RT-PCR. The activation of NF-kappaB was monitored by using electrophoretic mobility shift assay. The results showed that as compared with control group, M3 cholinergic receptor agonist (10(-3) mol/L, 10(-4) mol/L carbachol) could induce a concentration-dependent and time-dependent increase in the expression of MOB-1, MCP-1 mRNA in pancreatic acinar cells. After treatment with 10(-3) mol/L carbachol for 2 h, the expression of MOB-1, MCP-1 mRNA was strongest. The activity of NF-kappaB in pancreatic acinar cells was significantly increased (P<0.01) after treated with M3 cholinergic receptor agonist (10(-3) mol/L carbachol) in vitro for 30 min. Either M3 cholinergic receptor antagonist (10(-5) mol/L atropine) or NF-kappaB inhibitor (10(-2) mol/L PDTC) could obviously inhibit the activation of NF-kappaB and the chemokine MOB-1, MCP-1 mRNA expression induced by carbachol (P<0.05). This inhibitory effect was significantly increased by atropine plus PDTC (P<0.01). The results of these studies indicated that M3 cholinergic receptor signal transduction pathway was likely involved in regulation of the expression of chemokine MOB-1 and MCP-lgenes in pancreatic acinar cells in vitro through the activation of NF-kappaB.

Evidence-Based Medicine ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

AIM: To study effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) and cyclosporin A (CsA) on the contents of active oxygens and nitric oxide (NO) in spleens of skin transplanted mice. METHODS: The donor mice BALB/C and receptor mice Cs7BL/6 were tested for skin transplantation. The HBO group mice were,treated with 99.2 % oxygen under 0.25 MPa for 1.5 hours, while CsA group mice were treated with CsA 0.5 rmg· kg- t· d- 1 by abdomen injection. After 14 days, the spleen were extracted the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and NO and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH - PX), catalase (CAT) and NO synthases (NOS) were determined. RESULTS: (1) Compared with the control group, the transplantation group, HBO group and CsA group have markedly increased the content of MDA and the activities of GSH - PX and CAT; Compared with the transplantation group, the CsA group have markedly increased activity of SOD and reduced activities of GSH - PX and CAT; the HBO group have markedly reduced the activity of GSH - PX and increased the activities of CAT and SOD (P < 0.01 ). (2) Compared with the control group, the transplantation group have markedly increased the content of NO and the activity of NOS; Compared with the transplantation group, the HBO group have markedly increased the activity of NOS and reduced the content of NO ( P < 0.01 ); The content of NO and the activity of NOS in CsA group was not changed significantly. CONCLUSION: In the lymphocytes of the transplantation group, the peroxidation is intensified, and the content of NO and the activity of NOS increased. HBO and CsA may activate the systems of oxidation/antioxidation and NO/NOS in spleen, which may be related to their mechanism of inhibition rejection.

Objecive To evaluate and compare the efficacy of injecting tissue glue and lauromacrogol in modified sandwich method combined with synchronous ligation for patients with esophageal and gastric variceal.Methods 42 cases of patients with esophageal and gastric variceal were randomly divided into synchronous treatment group (22 cases) and sequential treatment group (20 cases). Both group received modiifed sandwich method for gastric varices (lauromacrogol-tissue adhesive-lauromacrogol). Synchronous treatment group meanwhile received synchronization ligation for esophageal varices, but sequential treatment group received sequential ligation after one week. The hemostasis rate, effective rate of varices, rebleeding and complications rate were analyzed.Results There were no signiifcant difference in hemostasis rate, effective rate and rebleeding rate between two groups. The incidence of complications, such as chest and abdominal pain, fever, transient bacteremia were equal between these two groups. No patients had ectopic embolism. The number of ligation device in synchronous treatment group was more than sequential treatment group (8.19 ± 2.01 vs 7.81 ± 1.78,P > 0.05), and the rate of esophageal varices disappearance was inferior to sequential treatment group (59.09% vs 70.00%), however, there were no statistical difference (P > 0.05).Conclusion Endoscopic injection of tissue glue and lauromacrogol synchronization ligation is safe and effective for esophageal and gastric variceal with low complication rates. This method could reduce gastroscopy times and medical expenses, and is worthy of further investigating.

Objective To investigate the expression of caspase-10 in differentiated thyroid carcinoma and association with its development and metastasis. Methods Thyroid samples from 37 patients in a period from January 2006 to December 2007, with differentiated thyroid carcinoma were retrospectively analyzed for caspase-10 by immunohistocbemistry(streptavidin-perosidase, S-P), compared to control group of 46 cases with nodtdar goiter. The relationship between the expression of caspase-10 and the clinical pathologic characteristics of thyroid carcinoma were also explored simultaneously. Results caspase-10 were observed as brown or yellow particles located in the cytoplasm or cell membrane of nodular goiter but there were no significant evidence for its positive expression in thyroid carcinoma, caspase-10 expression was markedly down-regulated in differentiated thyroid carcinoma(29.73%,11/37) compared with benign nodules(71.74%,33/46, χ2=14.528, P<0.01). The positive expression in 18 cases with lymph node metastasis(11.11%,2/18) was significantly lower than those in 19 patients without lymph node metastasis(47.37%,9/19; χ2=4.210, P<0.01). There was no significant correlation(P> 0.05) between the expression of caspase-10 and the clinical pathologic characteristics including male, age, TNM stage and pathologic type. Conclusion Down-regulation of caspase-10 may play a critical role in carcinogenesis and development of differentiated thyroid carcinoma.

OBJECTIVETo analyze effects of fracture of processus styloideus ulnae on prognosis in the treatment of distal radial fracture of type C according to AO classification.

METHODSThis was a retrospective case-control study, and the information was got ten through case evaluation and follow-up, including sex, age, patient satisfaction, Gartland & Werley score and radiographic score. There were 76 patient treated with open reduction and plate fixation in People's Hospital Affiliated to Peking University from July 2006 to July 2011. All the patients were divided into two groups: no combination with fracture of processus styloideus ulnae (group A, 56 cases), combination with fracture of processus styloideus ulnae (group B, 20 cases). The patients in group A and B were treated with open reduction and internal fixation; however the fracture of processus styloideus ulnae was not fixed. The indexes such as clinical data, bone grafting, joint movement, Gartland & Werley score and radiographic score were compared between two groups.

RESULTSThe ulnaris pain of patients in group B was more obvious than that in group A. The local VAS, palmar and dorsal flexion degree of wrist joint, motion VAS, patients satisfaction score, radial and ulnar deviation degree, pronation and supination of forearm degree, Gartland & Werley score and radiographic score were separately 0.1 ± 0.1, (51.1 ± 1.9)°, (60.2 ± 1.9)°, 0.6 ± 0.1 (23.1 ± 0.9)°, (28.7 ± 1.3)° (81.5 ± 2.6)°, (68.2 ± 2.7)° 1.9 ± 0.3, 89.6 ± 12.3 in group A; and separately 0.3 ± 0.3, (51.4 ± 2.3)°, (66.6 ± 1.7)°, 0.5 ± 0.2, (24.5 ± 2.0)°, (26.9 ± 1.8)°, (80.3 ± 2.5)°, (70.3 ± 3.7)°, 1.2 ± 0.4, 92.5 ± 7.5 in group B; there were no statistical differences in above indexes between two groups.

CONCLUSIONWhether the distal radial fracture with a concomitant unrepaired ulnar styloid fracture or not exerts no influence on mainly outcomes including function, radiography and motion of the wrist.

Bone Plates ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Radius Fractures ; surgery ; Retrospective Studies ; Ulna Fractures ; surgery

Objective To investigate the effect and safety of endoscopic injection of tissue adhesive in a modified method combined with ligation for esophageal and gastric varices. Methods 60 patients with esophageal and gastric varices were randomly distributed to the treatment group (group A),who was treated with the modi-fied sandwich method(lauromacrogol -tissue adhesive-lauromacrogol)and combined with ligation for esophageal varices. The treatment group were compared with that 60 controls(group B),who was treated with the traditional sandwich method (lipiodol - tissue adhesive - lipiodol) and combined with ligation for esophageal varices. The hemostatic rate ,rebleeding rate ,improvement rate of gastric varices ,the rates of esophageal varices disappear-ance and complications were compared. Results The hemostasis rate were 98.32% and 96.41% between the two groups (P > 0.05). The improvement rate of gastric va rices (94.83% vs. 82.50%,P < 0.05) and the rate of esophageal varices disappearance(86.67% vs. 76.67%,P < 0.05)in the group A were both higher than those in the group B(49.57% vs. 41.23% ,P < 0.05). The amount of tissue adhesive in the group A was lower than that in the group B(2.47 ± 0.79 mL vs. 3.02 ± 0.68 mL ,P<0.05). The incidence of rebleeding rate ,fever ,transient bacteremia were equal between the two groups(P > 0.05),but the rate of chest and abodminal pain in the group A was higher than those in the group B (70.00% vs. 53.33%,P < 0.05). 1 patient in the group B had ectopic pulmonary embolism ,but improved after treatment. Conclusions Endoscopic injection of tissue adhesive in a modified method combined with ligation is effective and safe for esophageal and gastric varices ,and is worthy fur-ther investigation.

OBJECTIVETo compare the effects and complications of subinguinal microscopic ligation, laparoscopic transperitoneal varicocelectomy, laparoscopic retroperitoneal varicocelectomy, open retroperitoneal high ligation, and interventional embolotherapy in the treatment of varicocele.

METHODSWe conducted a retrospective study that included 632 varicocele patients treated by subinguinal microscopic ligation (group A, n = 79), laparoscopic transperitoneal varicocelectomy (group B, n = 120), laparoscopic retroperitoneal varicocelectomy (group C, n =137), open retroperitoneal high ligation (group D, n = 283), and interventional embolotherapy (group E, n = 13). We compared the baseline and 3-month postoperative semen parameters, postoperative complications, and pregnancy rate among the five groups of patients.

RESULTSThe operation time was longer in groups A ([2.02 ± 1.25] h) and E ([2.17 ± 1.02] h) than in the other three groups, while the postoperative hospital stay was the shortest in group E ([1.1 ± 0.1] d). Intestinal injury or incision bleeding occurred intraoperatively in 2 cases in group B and 1 case in group E. Postoperative scrotal edema developed in 3.7, 17, 10, and 19% of the patients in groups A, B, C, and D, respectively, but not in group E. The rate of 1-year recurrence was the lowest in group A (1.6%) and highest in group E (22%). Sperm concentration and the percentages of progressively motile sperm and morphologically normal sperm were improved postoperatively in all the patients (P < 0. 05), but there were no statistically significant differences among the five groups either in the above three parameters or in the postoperative pregnancy rate (P > 0. 05).

CONCLUSIONIn the surgical treatment of varicocele, laparoscopic retroperitoneal approach involves short operation time and few complications, subinguinal microscopic ligation has the advantages of little injury, rapid recovery, and few complications but requires specialized microsurgical techniques, and interventional embolotherapy leaves no incision scar and needs only local anesthesia and 1-day postoperative hospital stay, which is uitable for those with a contraindication to anesthesia.

Embolization, Therapeutic ; adverse effects ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; adverse effects ; methods ; Length of Stay ; Ligation ; adverse effects ; methods ; Male ; Operative Time ; Postoperative Complications ; Postoperative Hemorrhage ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Rate ; Recurrence ; Retroperitoneal Space ; Retrospective Studies ; Sperm Count ; Urogenital Surgical Procedures ; adverse effects ; Varicocele ; surgery ; Vascular Surgical Procedures ; adverse effects ; methods

OBJECTIVETo study the impact of left varicocele (VC) and varicocelectomy (VCT) on the apoptosis of spermatogenic cells and the levels of nitrogen monoxidum (NO) and interleukin 1 (IL-1) in the rat testis.

METHODSWe randomly divided 60 adolescent male SD rats into four groups of equal number: sham operation control, VC model 1 (VC1), VC model 2 (VC2), and VCT. We determined the semen quality and levels of NO and IL-1 in the testis tissue, detected the apoptosis of spermatogenic cells by TUNEL, and compared the indexes obtained among different groups.

RESULTSAn experimental VC model was successfully established by partially ligating the left renal vein of the rats. Sperm concentration and motility were significantly decreased in the VC1 ([1.54 ± 1.16] x 10⁶/ml and [44.23 ± 15.46]%) as compared with those in the sham operation group ([2.80 ± 1.62] x 10⁶/ml and [72.34 ± 12.62]%) (P < 0.05), but remarkably higher in the VCT ([1.82 ± 1.34] x 10⁶/mI and [51.21 ± 12.62]%) than in the VC2 group ([1.04 ± 1.21] x 10⁶/ml and [39.23 ± 13.21]%) (P < 0.05). The levels of NO and IL-1 in the left testes were markedly elevated in the VC1 ([0.172 ± 0.030] ng/ml and [1.468 ± 0.080 ] mg/ml) in comparison with those in the sham operation group ([0.134 ± 0.021] ng/ml and [0.782 ± 0.079 ] mg/ml) (P < 0.05), and significantly higher in the VC2 ([0.198 ± 0.020] ng/ml and [1.994 ± 0.090] mg/ml) than in the VCT group ([0.141 ± 0.010] ng/ml and [0.781 ± 0.036] mg/ml) (P < 0.05). However, the NO and IL-1 levels in the right testis showed no statistically significant differences between the two groups, and the two levels were positively correlated (r = 0.492, P < 0.01). The rats of the VC1 group exhibited remarkable apoptosis of spermatogenic cells in the bilateral testes, with significant differences in the apoptosis index ( AL) between the two sides (P < 0.05) as well as in the same side in comparison with the sham operation group (P < 0.01). The Als of spermatogenic cells in the bilateral testes showed statistically significant differences in the VCT (P < 0.05) but not in the VC2 group (P > 0.05), and those in the same side manifested dramatic differences between the VCT and VC2 groups (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONVaricocele induces changes of the NO and IL-1 levels in the testis tissue and increases the apoptosis of spermatogenic cells, which might be one of the causes of testis damage and spermatogenic dysfunction.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; Germ Cells ; pathology ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Interleukin-1 ; analysis ; Ligation ; Male ; Nitrogen ; analysis ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Semen Analysis ; Spermatogenesis ; Testis ; chemistry ; Varicocele ; complications ; surgery