Objective To investigate the detection results of GHB with different instruments, and to provide reliable basis for improving the accuracy of GHB detection. Methods ADVIA 1650 biochemical analyzer and HA-8160 glycosylated hemoglobin analyzer were used. The accurate detection of glycosylated hemoglobin in 100 healthy people was carried out, and the related data were recorded and analyzed statistically. Attention should be paid to this group according to glycosylated hemoglobin detection value, that is, within 6.5％ for A group, 6.5％-10.0％ for B group, more than 10％ for C group, and compare the above-mentioned different grouping of corresponding instrument glycosylated hemoglobin detection value. Results The analysis showed that there was no significant difference between the two groups of C instrument glycosylated hemoglobin levels, but the level of glycosylated hemoglobin detected by A in group HA-8160 and group B was significantly higher than that of ADVIA 1650(P<0.05). Conclusion Different instruments have some differences in the detection value of glycosylated hemoglobin. Clinicians should judge the disease comprehensively according to the actual situation and other indicators.

Objective The influence of antiplatelet medications on prognosis after non -aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH)is unknown.This study aimed to evaluate the risk of antiplatelet mdications in devel-oping SAH.Methods 420 patients who underwent catheter cerebral angiography after presenting with nontraumatic SAH were included.Outcomes were assessed by using the modified Rankin scale.Results A total of 420 patients underwent catheter angiography for evaluation of SAH.Of these,63 cases (15%)were angiogram -negative.The fraction of patients presenting with angiogram -negative SAH as well as the frequency of antiplatelet use among these patients significantly increased during the study period.Antiplatelet use was more commonly associated with angiogram-negative SAH(18 /63,28.6%)than with angiogram -positive SAH(39 /357,11%;P =0.001).At 14 days after presentation,poor outcome was significantly more frequent among patients who took antiplatelet agents (20 /63, 31.7%)than among those who did not(12 /63,20%;P =0.017).Conclusion Antiplatelet medication use is asso-ciated with poor early,but not late,outcomes after angiogram -negative SAH.More studies are needed to confirm this association.

dialysis.

Background Chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans (CSPGs) can cause the termination of ocular dominance plasticity in the visual cortex.Recently,protein tyrosine phosphatase σ (PTPσ) has been identified as a receptor that inhibits CSPGs.However,whether PTPσ and its downstream molecules participate in the reactivation of ocular dominance plasticity in adult visual cortex has not been studied.Objective The present study was to investigate the changes in the expression of the PTPσ,probabilistic neural networks (PNNs),and molecules downstream of PNN,such as N-cadherin/β-catenin,after the reactivation of adult visual cortical plasticity.Methods Fifty-four SPF Long Evans rats were grouped according to different postnatal week (PW) as the PW1 (6 rats),PW3 (6 rats),PW5 (6 rats),PW7 (24 rats),and PW9 (12 rats) groups,and the upper and lower eyelids were sutured in the 12 rats from the PW7 group for 14 days to establish the binocular plasticity reactivation models.Expression of PTPσ and PNNs in the rat visual cortex was detected using immunochemistry,and changes of PTPσ mRNA,N-cadherin mRNA and β-catenin mRNA expression in the rat visual cortex with plasticity reactivation were assessed by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT Q-PCR).The use of animals followed the Regulations for the Administration of Affairs Concerning Experimental Animals by State Science and Technology Commission.Results The expression level of PTPσ mRNA was significantly higher in the PW9 group than that of the binocular plasticity reactivation models and the PW7 group (t =1.965,3.526,P＜0.01).The staining of the rat visual cortex for PTPσwas localized to the cellular membrane,cytoplasm and axon.Cell densities of the PW9 group in the Ⅱ-Ⅲ layer,Ⅳ layer and Ⅴ-Ⅵ layer of the visual cortex were elevated in the PW9 rats compared with the PW7 rats (t =24.593,23.444,13.556,P＜0.01) and rats from the binocular plasticity reactivation model (t =44.111,43.000,16.556,P＜0.01).Cell densities for PNNs in the Ⅳ and Ⅴ-Ⅵ layers were significantly increased in the PW9 rats in comparison with the PW7 rats (t=1.926,P＜0.01 ;t=1.370,P＜0.05),but the cell density in the Ⅱ-Ⅱ layer has no statistical significance (t=0.889,P＞0.05).However,cell densities for PNNs in the Ⅱ-Ⅲ and Ⅳ layers in the binocular plasticity reactivation models were lower than those of the PW9 rats (t =2.556,4.585,P＜0.01).Compared with PW1 rats,the expression levels of the N-cadherin mRNA in the PW3,PW5,PW7,PW9 rats were lower (t =28.932,28.988,27.083,28.908,P＜0.01),but those in the PW7 rats were enhanced in comparison with the PW3 rats,PW5 rats and PW9 rats (t =1.848,1.904,1.825,P＜0.01).No significant difference was seen in the expression of the N-cadherin mRNA between the PW9 rats and rats from the binocular plasticity reactivation model (t =0.072,P＞0.05).A statistically significant increase was found in the β-catenin mRNA expression in the PW1 rats compared with the PW3,PW5,PW7 and PW9 rats (t =3.918,3.534,2.645,4.652,P＜ 0.0 1),as well as between rats from the binocular plasticity reactivation model and the PW9 rats (t =0.570,P＜0.01).Conclusions PTPr,PNNs and β-catenin are involved in the reactivation of ocular dominance plasticity in the adult visual cortex.

Imaging objects are spatially encoded by gradient magnetic fields in magnetic resonance imaging systems. The eddy current caused by rapid switches of gradient fields will result in artifacts in the images. A method of eddy current compensation based on pre-emphasis of gradient current is presented in this thesis. The compensation parameters are acquired rapidly utilizing Faraday's induction theorem and data fitting method. The experiments prove that the method is efficient for reduction of the debugging time and for the improvement of the image quality.
Artifacts ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; instrumentation ; methods

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in preoperative diagnosis of anal fistula. Methods Forty-five patients with fistula in ano were evaluated by physical examination, then CEUS were peformed by injecting SonoVue through the external opening to enhance the detection of the fistulous track and the internal opening. The results of CEUS were matched with surgical features to establish their accuracy in preoperative assessment of anal fistula. Results Simple typing fistula was found in 19 of 45 patients and 26 patients had complex fistulas. The accurate diagnostic rates by conventional ultrasound of simple typing fistula and complex fistulas were 89. 5% and 61.5%,respectively,the accurate diagnostic rates by CEUS of simple typing fistula and complex fistulas were 94. 7% and 92.3%, respectively, there was no significant difference between conventional ultrasound and CEUS about simple typing fistula( P ＞0.05), and there was significant difference about complex fistulas ( P ＜0. 05). Conclusions CEUS has a good visibility and accurate rate for diagnosis of anal fistula,It plays an important role for operation.

Objective:To test curriculum management effect of graduate students'clinical practice of counseling psychology.Methods:Totally 26 students [average age (24.5 ± 1.0) years] who completed 30-day interns summer were investigated with the self-made questionnaire evaluating the quality of clinical practice.Results:All students obtained promotion in practice activities,the attendance ranged from 50.0％ to 96.2％.The overall satisfaction was (3.8 ± 0.8) and the average degree of supervisors'satisfaction was (4.0 ± 0.8).There were 92.3 ％ of the students had participated more than 224 hours' practice and completed all tasks.After the interns,the students had significantly improved in all 8 aspects of professional abilities.Conclusion:In graduate education of counseling psychology,curriculum management of clinical practice may be an effective approach to improve students' clinical skills.

OBJECTIVETo observe the effects of acupuncture at "Tianshu" (ST 25) on electro-activity and mechanical motility at different phases of migrating motor complex (MMC) during jejunal digestion period in rats with detached jejunum, so as to explore the effect and mechanism of acupuncture on regulating intestinal movement.

METHODSSixteen adult SD rats were selected. Electrodes were implanted in the serous membrane of intestinal smooth muscl.e and high-sensitivity sensors of strain gauge were sutured on serosal surface, and then the rat was anesthetized and its jejunum was detached. Electro-acriviry and mechanical motility of jejunal smooth muscle were recorded simultaneously. Acupuncture was applied at "Tianshu" (ST 25) at MMC I , MMCII and MMC III, respectively, to observe its influence on electro-activity and mechanical motility.

RESULTSAt phase of MMC I, there was no obvious change of the fast wave before and after the acupuncture, while the frequency and amplitude of slow wave and mechanical motility were both significantly decreased compared with baseline (P < 0.01). At MMCII-Ill, the frequency and amplitude of fast wave, slow wave and motility were all significantly decreased compared with baseline (P < 0.01). Acupuncture at "Tianshu" (ST 25) had prohibited effects on electro-activity and mechanical motility of jejunal smooth muscle in rats with detached jejunum.

CONCLUSIONAcupuncture at "Tianshu" (ST 25) has obvious prohibited effects on electro-acrivity and mechanical motility at MMC I , MMC II and MMC III time phases in rats with detached jejunum. The possible mechanism is that acupuncture at "Tianshu" (ST 25) could prohibit jejunum movement through reflex path of skin-sympathetic.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Animals ; Digestion ; Electrophysiological Phenomena ; Gastrointestinal Diseases ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Humans ; Jejunum ; chemistry ; physiology ; Male ; Myoelectric Complex, Migrating ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo determine the parameters of pharmacokinetics in rabbits, and to provide a scientific basis for clinical application of Yinhuang compound microenema.

METHODHPLC was used to determine the concentrations of chlorogenic acid and baicalin in the plasma samples of rabbits, then analyze these data by the pharmacokinetics program 3P97 to determine the parameters of pharmacokinetics and the compartmental model of both ingredients in Yinhuang compound microenema.

RESULTBaicalin showed two compartment model in rabbits and the main parameters of pharmacokinetics were as follows: t(1/2)alpha of 0.311 h, t(1/2)beta of 1.640 h, AUC of 1.531 x 10(-2) g x h x L(-1), tmax of 0.287 h, Vd of 2.182 L. Chlorogenic acid showed two compartment model in rabbits and the main parameters of pharmacokinetics were as follows: t(1/2)alpha of 0.324 h, t(1/2)beta of 1.206 h, AUC of 2.135 x 10(-2) g x h x L(-1), tmax of 0.317 h,Vd of 2.251 L.

CONCLUSIONThe main components in Yinhuang compound microenema baicalin and chlorogenic acid are absorbed quickly and absolutely after rectal administration, which have good characters of pharmacokinetics.

Animals ; Area Under Curve ; Bupleurum ; chemistry ; Chlorogenic Acid ; blood ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; pharmacokinetics ; Enema ; Female ; Flavonoids ; blood ; Lonicera ; chemistry ; Male ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rabbits

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to observe the effect of early goal directed therapy (EGDT) on tissue perfusion, microcirculation and tissue oxygenation in patients with septic shock. METHODS: Patients with early septic shock (<24 hours) who had been admitted to the ICU of Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University from September 2009 through May 2011 were enrolled (research time: 12 months), and they didn't meet the criteria of EGDT. Patients who had one of the following were excluded: stroke, brain injury, other types of shock, severe heart failure, acute myocardial infarction, age below 18 years, pregnancy, end-stage disease, cardiac arrest, extensive burns, oral bleeding, difficulty in opening the mouth, and the onset of septic shock beyond 24 hours. Patients treated with the standard protocol of EGDT were included. Transcutaneous pressure of oxygen and carbon dioxide (PtcO2, PtcCO2) were monitored and hemodynamic measurements were obtained. Side-stream dark field (SDF) imaging device was applied to obtain sublingual microcirculation. Hemodynamics, tissue oxygen, and sublingual microcirculation were compared before and after EGDT. If the variable meets the normal distribution, Student's t test was applied. Otherwise, Wilcoxon's rank-sum test was used. Correlation between variables was analyzed with Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficient method. RESULTS: Twenty patients were involved, but one patient wasn't analyzed because he didn't meet the EGDT criteria. PtcO2 and PtcCO2 were monitored in 19 patients, of whom sublingual microcirculation was obtained. After EGDT, PtcO2 increased from 62.7±24.0 mmHg to 78.0±30.9 mmHg (P<0.05) and tissue oxygenation index (PtcO2/FiO2) was 110.7±60.4 mmHg before EGDT and 141.6±78.2 mmHg after EGDT (P<0.05). The difference between PtcCO2 and PCO2 decreased significantly after EGDT (P<0.05). The density of perfused small vessels (PPV) and microcirculatory flow index of small vessels (MFI) tended to increase, but there were no significant differences between them (P>0.05). PtcO2, PtcO2/FiO2, and PtcCO2 were not linearly related to central venous saturation, lactate, oxygen delivery, and oxygen consumption (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Peripheral perfusion was improved after EGDT in patients with septic shock, and it was not exactly reflected by the index of systemic perfusion.