OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of β₃adrenoceptors (β₃-AR) activation on rat thoracic aorta smooth muscle contractility and the possible related mechanism.

METHODSThe endothelium removed thoracic aorta was pre-contracted with 30 mmol/L KCl physiological saline solution (PSS). Then the tension of the thoracic aorta was recorded in presence of BRL37344 (BRL) to determine the action of β₃-AR. The tension of the thoracic aorta was also recorded in the presence of Propranolol (PRA), SR59230A (SR), L-NNA, H-89 and Iberiotoxin (IBTX) respectively to reveal the underling mechanism of β₃-AR activation on rat vascular smooth muscle. Immunohistochemistry was adopted to confirm the existence and the distribution of β₃-AR in rat thoracic aorta.

RESULTSThe results showed that: (1) The thoracic aorta was relaxed by β₃-AR activation, with a relaxation percentage of (10.59 ± 0.79). (2) β₃-AR was expressed in both endothelial and smooth muscle layer in thoracic aorta sections of rats. (3) PRA did not block the effect of BRL on the thoracic aorta. The relaxation actions of BRL could be antagonized by pre-incubating the thoracic aorta with SR. (4) L-NNA (a NOS inhibitor) and H-89 (a PKA inhibitor) reversed the relaxation effect of BRL on vascular smooth muscle. (5) The effect of BRL was decreased after application of Ibriotoxin (IBTX), a large conductance calcium dependent potassium channel blocker.

CONCLUSIONThe results confirmed that activation of β₃-AR led to relaxation of thoracic aorta smooth muscle. The relaxation action of β₃-AR on smooth muscle of rat thoracic aorta was related to activation of NOS and PKA signaling pathway. Large conductance Ca²⁺-K⁺ channels were involved in the relaxation action of β₃-AR activation on rat thoracic aorta smooth muscle.

Animals ; Aorta, Thoracic ; physiology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Isoquinolines ; Large-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels ; physiology ; Muscle Contraction ; Muscle Relaxation ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular ; physiology ; Nitroarginine ; Peptides ; Propanolamines ; Propranolol ; Rats ; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-3 ; physiology ; Signal Transduction ; Sulfonamides

AIM: To analyze the composition, distribution and characteristics of the elderly primary ocular tumors.
METHODS: This was a retrospective study and all 504 cases with primary ocular tumors aged 60 years or older were collected in Shanxi Eye Hospital, during the year 2000- 2012. The onset age, location and pathological pattern were analyzed.
RESULTS: There were 346 cases of benign ocular tumors (68. 7%), and 158 cases of malignancy (31. 3%). Papillomas was the most common type of the benign with 83 cases (16. 5%), followed by a variety of inflammatory cysts and lesions with 69 cases ( 13. 7%) and 64 cases (12-7%) respectively. Among malignant tumors cases, eyelid basal cell carcinoma originated from epithelial was the most common with 72 cases (14. 3%), followed by skin appendages sources malignant tumors with 39 cases (7. 7%). Concerning the location of ocular tumors, there were 282 cases of eyelid tumor (56. 0%) occupied the first position followed by conjunctival tumor with 157 cases (31. 2%).
CONCLUSION: The prevalence and type of primary ocular tumor in elderly people are significant differences from the general population and children's, and the proportion of malignant tumors tended to increase along with the increase of age.

Immunohistochemical technique was an essential tool of conventional diagnosis,therefore,the application of immunohisto- chemistry in reformation of pathology laboratory teaching would boost pathological experimental teaching standards to a higher level.

Objective To investigate the serum levels of tumor markers CEA,CA724,PGⅠ,PGⅡ,PGI/PGII and SF in gas-tric cancer.Methods The serum levels of CEA,CA724,PGⅠ,PGⅡ,PGI/PGII and SF were detected in 46 healthy con-trols,45 atrophic gastritis patients and 39 gastric cancer patients.Serum levels of CEA,CA724 were measured by ELC meth-od,PGⅠ,PGⅡ by time resolved fluorescence immunoassay (TRFIA)and SF by immunoturbidimetry(ITM).Results ①Compared to the healthy controls,the statistical contrast of serum levels of CEA,CA724,PGⅠ,PGⅡ and PGI/PGII except SF was significant in gastric cancer patients(P<0.05),only PGⅠ,PGⅡ,SF had significant difference in atrophic gastritis patients (P<0.05).Compared to atrophic gastritis patients,the serum levels of CEA,CA724 were significantly higher,but PGⅠwas lower in gastric cancer patients(P<0.05).②When CEA,CA724,PGⅠ,PGⅡ,PGI/PGII and SF were used to di-agnose gastric cancer individually,the sequence of the area under ROC curve was CEA,SF,CA724,PGI/PGII,PGⅡ and PGⅠ.Only the areas of PGⅠ,PGⅡunder ROC curve had significant statistical difference (P<0.05).③The sensitivity,speci-ficity,PPV and NPV were different when these indexes were used to diagnize gastric cancer individually or incorporatedly. Conclusion The serum levels of tumor markers CEA,CA724,PGⅠ,PGⅡ,PGI/PGII and SF had important reference value for the diagnosis of gastric cancer although the diagnostic value was different individually or incorporatedly;the content of serum PG and the ratio of PGI/PGII were closely related to the gastric mucosa.

Objective To investigate the sanitation status of centralized air ventilation system in Putuo District of Shanghai, to analyze correlation between different indexes and to provide basis for improving the health status of public places and strengthening health supervision. Methods According to the requirements of WS 394-2012 The Sanitation Criterion of the Centralized Air Ventilation System in Public Places, 18 centralized air ventilation systems in public places in Putuo District of Shanghai were randomly selected for sampling, testing and evaluation during 2014-2018, and 9 indexes of air supply, inner surface of air duct and indoor air were analyzed for correlation. Results The overall qualified rate of centralized air ventilation system in 10 hotels, 4 restaurants and 4 supermarkets was 86.0%.The over standard rate of PM₁₀, bacteria and fungi in air supply was 3.4%, 31.8% and 33.0%, respectively, but β-hemolytic streptococcus was not detected.The dust amount and microbial index on the inner surface of the air duct were up to standard.Another two indexes of fresh air quantity and Legionella pneumophila were tested in the hotel.The qualified rate of fresh air quantity was 25.6%, the positive rate of Legionella pneumophila type 1(LP1) in cooling water was 30.0%, and no Legionella pneumophila was detected in condensate water.The correlation analysis of 9 indexes showed that there was a significant positive correlation between PM₁₀ in air supply and in indoor air; the amount of microbial pollution on the inner surface of air duct and in air supply; and the amount of microbial pollution in air supply and in indoor air. Conclusions In Putuo District, the general sanitary condition of the centralized air ventilation system in public places is not to be optimistic.The qualified rate of bacteria and fungi in the air supply and fresh air quantity is low, and Legionella pneumophila was detected.The indoor air quality can be improved by installing efficient air purification device and regular cleaning and disinfection.

To investigate the cardioprotective effect of formononetin (FMN) on no-reflow (NR) after myocardial ischemia-reperfusion and its molecular mechanism based on integrated pharmacology and experimental verification, firstly, human breast cancer MCF-7 cells and myocardial NR rats were used to confirm the estrogenic activity and the effect of alleviating NR of FMN, respectively. Male SD rats were divided into Sham, NR, FMN (20 mg·kg^-1) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 5.0 mg·kg^-1) groups, which were administered once a day for one week, the experiment was approved by the Ethics Committee of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM-LAEC2019095). The pharmacological analysis and in vivo study of NR rats were integrated to reveal the mechanism of FMN improving NR. The results showed that FMN had estrogenic effect and reduced NR by improving cardiac structure and function, reducing NR, ischemic myocardial area and pathological injury of cardiomyocytes. Integrated pharmacology predicts that the mechanism of FMN improving NR is mainly related to phosphatidyinositol-3-kinase-protein kinase B (PI3K-Akt) signal pathway. Phytoestrogens play a role in cardiovascular protection mainly by activating G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER). GPER is also an important regulator in the upstream of PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. This study found that FMN can significantly activate GPER, p-PI3K, p-Akt and phospho-endothelial nitric oxide synthase (p-eNOS). It has good binding ability with GPER and eNOS protein. In this study, through the integration of pharmacology and experimental evaluation, it is revealed that FMN activates PI3K/Akt/eNOS signal pathway by activating GPER, thus significantly improving NR.

OBJECTIVETo study the indication and character of the lateral-cervical approach for treating dumble-shape neurogenic tumors in cervical spine.

METHODSRetrospectively review the clinical data of 14 dumble-shape neurogenic tumors in cervical spine, from October 2005 to October 2011. Among them 8 were males and 6 were females, range from 11 to 60 years old. The maximum tumor diameter range from 3.0 to 8.0 cm, with an average of 4.8 cm; the intraspinal tumor diameter range from 1.3 to 3.8 cm, with an average of 2.1 cm. According to Asazuma classification, 9 cases were type IIc, 2 cases were type IIIb, 2 cases were type IV, 1 case was type VI. Involving the neck segment C(1)-C(2) in 1 case, C(2)-C(3) in 1 case, C(3)-C(4) in 2 cases, C(4)-C(5) in 2 cases, C(5)-C(6) in 3 cases, C(6)-C(7) in 4 cases and C(2)-C(4) in 1 case. All cases performed surgery with general anethesia. The head and neck surgeon performed surgery with lateral cervical approach, in the space between the anterior and the medius scalenus, exposed the transverse process and the intervertebral foramen as the anatomy marker, resected the extraspinal tumor part. The neurosurgery expanded the intervertebral foramen, and resected the intraspinal tumor with microscope, and repaired the dura. Then head and neck surgeon closed the wounds.

RESULTSPathology proved 3 neurolimmoas and 11 Schwannomas, 12 cases received gross total resection, 2 cases received subtotal resection, the average blood loss during operation was 292 ml, the average operation time was 129 minutes, the average stay in hospital days was 7.1 days. The vertebral artery were exposed in 2 cases, and no vertebral artery injury occurred, there were 3 cases dissect the cervical nerve roots. No cerebrospinal fluid leakage, hematoma, newly branchial plexus injury, sympathic nerve injury or tracheal edema occurred. In 3 to 24 months, with an average of 13.5 months follow-up period, 2 cases with subtotal resection had no tumor progression, and 12 cases with gross total resection had no tumor recurrence.

CONCLUSIONSLateral-cervical approach is minimal invasive, easily to perform and recovery fine. It can be adopt for Asazuma type IIc, IIIb and IV tumors which not grow over the midline in spine and expand to deep layer of the deep cervical fascia out spine.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Cervical Vertebrae ; surgery ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neurilemmoma ; surgery ; Neurofibroma ; surgery ; Neurosurgical Procedures ; methods ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Neoplasms ; surgery ; Young Adult

Objective Using methodology of molecular genetics to explore the origin,phylogen,and gene flow of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) Beijing lineage in the five provinces from northern China,including Heilongjiang,Jilin,Liaoning,Neimenggu and Ningxia.Methods 234 MTB Beijing lineage strains were genotyped by 24 Variable Number Tandem Repeat (VNTR),and the h (the allelic diversity) value of each VNTR locus was calculated.On individual level of phylogeny,it was constructed Neighbor-Joining (N-J) tree and minimum spanning tree (MST).Phylogenetic tree was built at the population level,and the most recent common ancestor (TMRCA)was estimated through Bayesian model.Molecular variance (AMOVA) was used to understand the gene flow among strains discovered from the five provinces.Results Allelic diversities of the 24VNTR loci were low (h:0.000-0.744).234 strains of MTB Beijing lineage were dispersed in individual branch of the N-J tree,with 62.0％ (145) of them grouped to the same "colonial complexes" in MST.At the population level,the evolution relationship of 234 strains appeared the closest to Beijing lineage,which was from MIRU-VNTRplus database,and the bootstrap was 100.The TMRCA was 5308 (95％ CI:4263-6470) years.Differences of pairwise Fst values acquired by AMOVA between Jilin and Heilongjiang,Liaoning,Neimenggu and Ningxia,were not statistically significant (P＞0.05).Conclusion The genetic similarity of Beijing lineage MTB from the five provinces of northern China was high.The phylogeny branches had no characteristic dispersal in each province.It was speculated that these strains showed an evolution from a clone of MTB Beijing lineage (about 5000 years ago).The gene flow was taking place between neighboring zones.

OBJECTIVETo explore the prediction of the site for microsurgical vasoepididymostomy (VE) in the treatment of epididymal obstructive azoospermia (OA).

METHODSThis study involved 56 infertile men with confirmed OA whose obstruction was suspected to be in the epididymis. Based on their medical history and results of preoperative physical examination and ultrasonography, we predicted the sites for VE. We performed surgical scrotal exploration for the status of epididymal obstruction, conducted palpation and microscopic observation for the epididymal tubules to be anastomosed, and finally decided on the sites for VE by making sure of the presence of motile sperm in the epididymal fluid of the patients. After surgery, we followed up the patients for the rate of pregnancy.

RESULTSAll the patients received bilateral scrotal ultrasonography and surgical scrotal exploration, totaling 112 procedures, including 98 VE procedures. The accuracy rate of the predicted sites for VE was 80.5% (153/190) by medical history and physical examination, 80.3% (90/112) based on the results of ultrasonography, and 87.4% (90/103) according to the first selected epididymal tubules. Of the 28 patients followed up for more than 12 months, motile sperm were found in 19 (67.9% ) at 2 to 12 months and spontaneous pregnancies were achieved in 10 (35.7%), all with the anastomotic sites in the corpus or cauda.

CONCLUSIONMedical history and physical examination contribute to the selection of anastomotic sites and non-invasive scrotal ultrasonography is effective and practical for positioning epididymal obstruction. The epididymal tubules with motile sperm for anastomosis could be easily obtained from the most dilated ones in indurated epididymides.

Azoospermia ; surgery ; Body Fluids ; Epididymis ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Microsurgery ; methods ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Rate ; Scrotum ; diagnostic imaging ; Ultrasonography ; Vas Deferens ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery