OBJECTIVETo determine the main factors which affect the percutaneous penetration of artesunate and provide efficient data for the artesunate transdermal delivery system.

METHODTransdermal speed constant and accumulative amount of 12 hours were used for the estimations of various reservior vehicles, and the supplement orthodox design was used to study the effect of pH, various proportion of IPA/Water/IPM, and drug concentration.

RESULTDrug concentration and pH were the main factors which affected the percutaneous penetration of artesunate.

CONCLUSIONThe suitable reservior vehicle can prompt the percutaneous penetration of artesunate, and artesunate TTS will be made with further studies.

2-Propanol ; pharmacology ; Administration, Cutaneous ; Animals ; Antimalarials ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Artemisinins ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Drug Carriers ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Nude ; Sesquiterpenes ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Skin Absorption ; drug effects

OBJECTIVETo investigate the H2O2-induced expression of human histone acetyltransferase-like protein (hALP), a telomerase regulation-associated gene, and its effects on the stress-triggered cellular senescence.

METHODSThe induced expression of hALP was measured by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and immunofluorescent histochemistry after treatment of HeLa cells by H2O2. The effects of hALP expression on cellular responses to H2O2 were analyzed by MTT, flowcytometry, and SA-beta-gal staining, respectively.

RESULTShALP mRNA could be dose-dependently induced by treatments of 0.2-1.6 mmol/L H2O2, and the induction could be observed after 6 hours and kept for 36 hours in the presence of 0.4 mmol/L H2O2. Meanwhile, the immunofluorescent staining showed marked stronger nuclear intensity of hALP protein in H2O2-treated HeLa cells. In the treatment of H2O2, the ectopic expression of hALP enhanced continuous growth and overcame G2/M arrest as well as decreased senescence-associated beta-gal staining. On the contrary, the transfected clones with antisense or blank vector and original He-La cells presented growth suppression, G2/M delay and higher percentage of SA-beta-gal activities in the presence of H2O2.

CONCLUSIONSThe expression of hALP could be up-regulated by treatment of H2O2, and elevated expression could enhance cellular resistance to H2O2-induced cellular senescence. The data might be of references to elucidation of basic biological function of hALP gene and its associated telomerase activity.

Asparaginase ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Autoantigens ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Proliferation ; Cellular Senescence ; drug effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Hydrogen Peroxide ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Oxidants ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Transfection ; Up-Regulation

OBJECTIVETo confirm the responses and function of hALP, a telomerase-regulation associated gene, in DNA damage.

METHODSHeLa and Hep2 cells were treated by genotoxic agents H2O2 and cisplatin, and the induced expression of hALP was measured by quantitative RT-PCR and immunofluorescent histochemistry. The alterations in transcriptional activity of hALP promoter were estimated by luciferase reporter assays. The effects of genotoxic agents on cells in different status of hALP expression were analyzed by MTT method.

RESULTSThe level of hALP mRNA could be increased when treated by 0.2 - 1.6 mmol/L H2O2 and reach a peak in concentration of 0.4 mmol/L. The induction could be observed after 6 h in the treatment of 0.4 mmol/L H2O2 and the higher level can be retained for 36 h. Similarly, cisplatin induced hALP mRNA expression is also dose and time dependent. The immunofluorescent staining showed that the treatment of 0.2 or 0.4 mmol/L H2O2, 0.2 or 0.5 micromol/L cisplatin increased the intensity of hALP protein in cellular nuclei. The luciferase assays demonstrated that both H2O2 and cisplatin could up-regulate hALP promoter activity through its upstream - 705 - +20 nt region. In cell survivor assay, the HeLa cells expressing sense hALP gene could grow continuously in the presence of 0.4 mmol/L H2O2 or 0. 5 micromol/L cisplatin while cells with antisense hALP or control cells were slower in growth.

CONCLUSIONSThe expression of hALP gene could be up-regulated by DNA damage through activating transcription of its promoter, and increase cellular resistance to genotoxic agents.

Antineoplastic Agents ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Asparaginase ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Autoantigens ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Cell Proliferation ; Cells, Cultured ; Cisplatin ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; DNA Damage ; physiology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic ; HeLa Cells ; metabolism ; Humans ; Hydrogen Peroxide ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Telomerase ; genetics ; physiology ; Up-Regulation

Objective To analyze and compare the imaging features of chromophobe cell renal carcinoma(CCRC)with pathologic findings in order to improve the diagnostic accuracy.Methods The data of CT and MRI of 12 patients with CCRC were reviewed retrospectively.Ten patients underwent CT examination,including precontrast scan,the contrast eortieomedullary phase scan and the parenchymal phase scan(one patient without corticomedullary phase scan).Two patients underwent MR examination including precontrast T_1WI,T_2WI and enhanced T_1WI of the corticomedullary phase and the parenchymal phase.Results Four lesions located in left kidney and eight in right kidney.Maximum diameter of lesions ranged from 24 mm to 125 mm,average 56.7 ram.Homogenous density was observed in six lesions of ten on unenhanced CT scan and five lesions had homogenous enhancement on enhanced CT scan,which was due to the less incidence of necrosis,liquefaction and hemorrhage on pathologic findings.Nine Lesions showed hyperdense compared with renal medulla but the density was lower than renal cortex on the corticomedullary phase.The enhanced degree was positively correlated with microvessel density(MVD).All ten lesions became hypodense compared with renal medulla on the parenchymal phase scan.Central stellate scar was found in two big lesions and psudocapsula were observed in four lesions confirmed by pathology.Two patients underwent MRI examination.Compared with medulla,the two lesions showed hyperintense on unenhanced T_1WI and obviously hypointense on unenhaneed T_2WI.The enhancement pattern of them was similar to CT. Conclusion The imaging features of CCRC,such as homogeneity,special enhancement pattern and distinct hypointensity on T_2WI,help to differentiate CCRC from other renal tumors.

Objective To evaluate the association of islet autoantibodies [ glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody(GADA),protein tyrosine phosphatase antibody(IA-2A)and insulin autoantibodies(IAA)1 with HLA- DQ genotypes in the first-degree relatives of autoimmune type 1 diabetes mellitus.Methods This was a cross- sectional and case-control study.Three hundred and fifty-one first-degree relatives with normal glucose tolerance of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and 376 healthy controls were recruited and measured for GADA,IA-2A and IAA by radioligand assay,and 156 first-degree relatives of patients with autoimmune type 1 diabetes mellitus and 278 controls were typed for genetic polymorphisms of HLA-DQ with PCR sequencing-based typing method.Results (1)DQA1*03,DQBI*0303,*0401 alleles and DQA1 * 03-DQBI * 0303,DQA1 * 05-DQBI * 0201,DQA1 * 03-DQBI * 0401 haplotypes were significantly increased in the first-degree relatives of autoimmune type 1 diabetes mellitus(P

OBJECTIVETo analyze the relationship between Helicobacter pylori (Hp) in oral cavity and the Hp infection in stomach.

METHODS102 patients with gastric Hp infection and periodontitis were enrolled in this study. DNA was extracted from subgingival plaques, mouthwashes and stomach mucosa samples by using the glass-milk (SiO2) purification method. To identify the presence of Hp in these samples, PCR (polymerase chain reaction) was carried out, and two pairs of oligonucleotide primer were used to amplify a portion of gene urease C and gene cag A of Hp.

RESULTSThe rate of Hp detected in oral cavity was significantly higher in patients with positive Hp in stomach (43.1%, n=58) than in those with negative Hp in stomach (22.7%, n=44, P<0.05). After the treatment for gastric Hp infection for 4 weeks, the eradication rate of Hp in stomach was lower, but only slightly in patients with positive oral Hp (16/25, 64%) than in those with negative oral Hp (24/33, 72.7%). However, this difference became apparent (36.0% vs 63.6%, P<0.05) after one year of the treatment.

CONCLUSIONSThe effectiveness of the eradication therapy for gastric Hp infection is affected by the presence of Hp in oral cavity. Oral colonization of Hp may imply that there is a risk of the relapses of gastric and duodenal Hp infection and ulcer after the antibiotics treatment for the eradication of Hp.

Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Helicobacter Infections ; complications ; drug therapy ; microbiology ; Helicobacter pylori ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mouth ; microbiology ; Recurrence ; Stomach ; microbiology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in bladder transitional cell carcinoma tissues, and understand its clinical significance.

METHODSReversal transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to assess the expression of COX-2 mRNA in 52 cases of bladder transitional cell carcinoma tissues and 17 cases of normal bladder tissues far from neoplasm; Western blot was used to assess the expression of COX-2 protein in 49 cases of bladder cancerous tissues and 17 cases of normal tissues.

RESULTSPositive expression of COX-2 mRNA was detected in 83% (43/52) of bladder cancer tissues and in 29% (5/17) of normal tissues by RT-PCR and there was significant difference in expression of COX-2 mRNA between cancer tissues and normal tissues. Western blot analysis showed that expression of COX-2 protein was correlation with the stage and grade of cancer.

CONCLUSIONCOX-2 is overexpressed in bladder transitional cell carcinoma. COX-2 maybe play a certain role in carcinogenesis and progression of bladder cancer and turn into a useful target of chemoprevention of bladder cancer.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Blotting, Western ; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell ; enzymology ; pathology ; Cyclooxygenase 2 ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Urinary Bladder ; enzymology ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; enzymology ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical characteristics and the prevalence of mitochondrial gene A3243G mutation in diabetic pedigrees.

METHODSNineteen suspected mitochondrial DNA diabetic family members from three families were recruited. The gene fragment was amplified by PCR, and mutation was detected by direct sequencing.

RESULTSIn three pedigrees, the three probands and their mothers were found carrying the most common nt3243A>G mutation. Most of diabetic patients in these families were deaf and diabetes was developed at early age, characterized by impaired beta cell function and low body mass index (BMI).

CONCLUSIONThe mitochondrial gene A3243G mutation may cause diabetes mellitus and deaf.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Base Sequence ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; DNA, Mitochondrial ; genetics ; Deafness ; complications ; genetics ; Diabetes Complications ; genetics ; Diabetes Mellitus ; genetics ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; Pedigree ; RNA, Transfer, Leu ; genetics

Purpose To report a rare case of renal rhabdoid synovial sarcoma and review the literature,in order to improve the realization for this disease and reduce misdiagnosis.Method The clinicopathological data of 1 case rhabdoid renal synovial sarcoma were retrospectively analyzed.The tumors were examined by immunohistochemical of EnVision two-step staining and FISH,the related literatures were reviewed.Result A 31-year-old male patient accepted the right kidney radical operation in November 2014 after imaging examination of right kidney tumor.Microscopically,the tumor cells showed short spindle cells with rich cytoplasm and eosinophilic bodies in the cytoplasm.The pathological diagnosis is the renal rhabdoid tumor for this time.The patient was found a tumor between the liver and the diaphragm by imaging examination in October 2015.The second operation was carried out successfully.Microscopically,the tumor cells were spindle with little cytoplasm and without eosinophilic bodies in the cytoplasm.It was a typical synovial sarcoma in morphology for this time.Immunohistochemical staining showed positive for vimentin,EMA,CD56,and TLE1,SS18SSX fusion gene was disclosed in the primary and recurrent tumor cells,it was therefore corrected as rhabdoid synovial sarcoma for the primary tumor.Conclusion Renal rhabdoid synovial sarcoma is rare.Renal primary rhabdoid synovial sarcoma is easily misdiagnosed as renal rhabdoid tumor.The renal rhabdoid synovial sarcoma has broadened the differential diagnosis of renal rhabdoid tumors spectrum.Even for a tumor with typical rhabdoid morphology,molecular biology method for differential diagnosis is needed.SS18-SSX fusion gene is the basis for diagnosis of synovial sarcoma.

OBJECTIVETo study the clinicopathologic features of focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) of liver.

METHODSThe clinical, radiologic, pathologic findings and follow-up data of 238 cases of FNH were retrospectively analyzed.

RESULTSThe patients included 93 females and 145 males. The age of the patients ranged from 11 to 77 years (median = 39.1 years). Amongst the 233 patients who had clinical information available, 188 were asymptomatic, 216 had no history of hepatitis B and/or C infection and 232 had negative serum alpha-fetoprotein level. Amongst the 185 patients who had undergone radiologic examination, 123 (66.5%) were accurately diagnosed as such. Macroscopically, of the 284 lesions from 238 patients, the average diameter was 3.7 cm. Two hundred and fifteen cases (90.3%) were solitary, 172 cases were located in the right lobe and 115(40.5%) had central stellate fibrotic scars or lobulated cut surface. Histologically, 229 lesions belonged to classic type and 9 lesions were of non-classic type. The latter was further classified as the telangiectatic form (6 lesions) and the mixed hyperplastic and adenomatous form (3 lesions). There was no evidence of significant cytologic atypia. Follow-up data were available in 173 patients (72.7%). None of them died of the disease and 2 patients suffered from relapses after 2 and 4 years, respectively.

CONCLUSIONSFNH is a hyperplastic response of normal liver cells to local blood flow anomalies. It has no obvious sex predilection and more than 66% can be diagnosed accurately with radiologic examination. The lesions in the current study show no cytologic atypia.

Adenoma, Liver Cell ; pathology ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Biopsy ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; pathology ; Child ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Focal Nodular Hyperplasia ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; surgery ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Liver ; pathology ; Liver Neoplasms ; pathology ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Ultrasonography ; Young Adult