Acute Disease ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Electromyography ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nervous System Diseases ; chemically induced ; diagnosis ; Organophosphate Poisoning ; Pesticides ; poisoning

AIM: To seek a small interfering RNA ( siRNA ) sequence targeting rat inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa Bα ( IκBα) that can specifically and effectively suppress IκBα mRNA expression of rat ciliary muscles in vivo.METHODS:Three IκBα specific double stranded siRNAs were designed and synthesized. They were transfected into rat A7r5 cells which express IκBα gene. Flow cytometry was used to assess transfected efficiency. The mRNA and protein levels of IκBα were examined by Real Time quantitative polymerase chain reaction ( Real Time-PCR ) and western blot to screen a candidate valid sequence with the highest inhibitory rate. The Cy3 labeled non-specific control siRNA or the candidate valid siRNA was then injected into rat anterior chamber. Distribution of Cy3- siRNA in rat ciliary muscles was viewed by fluorescence microscopy, and the inhibitory effect in vivo of the valid siRNA was identified via Real Time-PCR and immunofluorescence. RESULTS: The suppression effect of the siRNA targeting the CTACGATGACTGTGTGTTT of IκBα gene was most obvious by vitro screening. By anterior chamber injection, this valid siRNA could reach rat ciliary muscles and effectively suppress IκBα gene expression with the highest inhibitory rate of 59. 0% on mRNA level at 24h after RNAi, and 52. 3% on protein level at 72h after RNAi (P<0. 01).CONCLUSION: It proves that the siRNA targeting the CTACGATGACTGTGTGTTT of IκBα gene is the valid sequence to suppress rat IκBα expression of ciliary muscles by RNAi in vivo.

OBJECTIVETo observe the regulatory effects of electroacupuncture with different acupoints combinations on blood lipid and atherosclerosis index (AI) in rats with hyperlipemia, so as to make a preliminary screening for the optimal acupoints combination for hyperlipemia.

METHODSOne hundred and five clean-grade SD male rats were randomly divided into 9 groups, including a normal group, a model group, a Quchi group, a Zhongwan group, a Fenglong group, a Quchi+Zhongwan group, a Quchi+Fenglong group, a Zhongwan+Fenglong group and a Quchi+Zhongwan+Fenglong group (three acupoints group), 17 rats in the normal group and 11 rats in the rest groups. The normal group was fed with normal diet, while the rest groups were fed with high-fat diet for 3 weeks to prepare the hyperlipemia model. All the rats were given unlimited water. After the establishment of model, the normal group was fed freely without any treatment; the model group was bundled and immobilized everyday; the rest groups were bundled, immobilized and treated with electroacupuncture at corresponding acupoints with disperse-dense wave, 20 min per time, once a day. After 4 weeks, the blood examples were collected from abdominal aorta to measure the total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), and analyzed the AI in each group.

RESULTSAfter the treatment, TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C and AI in each acupuncture group were all lower than those in the model group (P<0.05, P<0.01). Compared with single acupoint group and the Quchi+Zhongwan group, the content of TC in the three acupoints group was lower (P<0.01). The differences of content of TG among each acupuncture group were not significant (all P>0.05). Compared with the rest 6 acupuncture groups, the content of HDL-C and AI in the three acupoints group were significantly different (all P<0.05). The content of LDL-C in the three acupoints group was decreased as compared with the Quchi group and the Zhong-wan group.

CONCLUSIONThe electroacupuncture at "Quchi" (LI 11), "Zhongwan" (CV 12) and "Fenglong" (ST 40) has more advantages on regulating the content of HDL-C and LDL-C as well as improving AI in hyperlipemia rats, and it has superior effects on blood lipid metabolism.

Acupuncture Points ; Animals ; Electroacupuncture ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias ; blood ; therapy ; Lipids ; blood ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

BACKGROUND: Most studies suggest tooth whitening can create a coarse enamel surface which is likely to attract exogenous dyeing material and form the phenomenon of color relapse. After dental bleaching procedure, the use of resin surface treatment agent is expected to make the enamel surface smooth and alleviate tooth color relapse. OBJECTIVE: To unravel the efficacy of Adper Single Bond 2 Adhesive on color relapse phenomenon after dental bleaching treatment by cold light (xenon laser) whitening.METHODS: Twenty-four extracted teeth were collected and coated with 35% hydrogen peroxide followed by xenon laser whitening. The test group was made up of 12 samples coated with light-cured resin surface treatment agent and the left samples as control group were treated with no-coating agent after tooth whitening. Then the two groups were divided into two subgroups which were soaked in distilled water and tea for aging test respectively. The color differences (ΔE) which provided comparative values for statistical analysis was recorded at 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 days after the aging test. The enamel surface microstructure of the samples was observed before and after bleaching, after resin agent coating, and 28 days after the aging test.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Results from color differences observation: there was no significant difference between samples soaked in distilled water before and after whitening treatment (P > 0.05). Similarly, there was no statistical difference between test group and control group soaked in distilled water (P > 0.05). However, after soaking in tea, the color differences in the test group at 1-42 days showed statistically significant differences from those in the control group (P < 0.05). (2) Results from scanning electron microscope observation: after the tooth whitening producers, the enamel surface was damaged in the presence of cavities. After coated with resin surface treatment agent, the enamel surface became smooth and had few cavities. After soaking in tea, gradient smooth surface, some crack, inconspicuous flake dyeing color layer decomposition could be seen in the test group while rough surface with big holes and mottled dyeing layer were clearly visible in the control group. All samples soaked in distilled water had only a small amount of block dyeing layer, holes, weaker roughness than those soaked in tea. To conclude, Adper Single Bond 2 Adhesive light-cured resin surface treatment agent could weaken color relapse phenomenon after tooth whitening, achieving a smooth enamel surface and reducing dyeing material adhesion.

Objective To search for the neutralizing epitopos on hepatitis E virus (HEV) capsid besides the known neutralizing epitope (aa459-606). Methods By analysis of several strains of monoclonal antibodies against HEV capsid and their recognized epitopes, the neutralizing activity of epitope (aa394-458) at N-terminus was compared with that of an immunodominant neutralizing epitope (an459-606). Re-suits The research showed a novel potential neutralizing epitope in aa423-437 of HEV ORF2 though detec-ting and comparing the characteristics of several antibodies and corresponding determinations. The epitope is a linear non-immunodominant epitope which is different from the other neutralizing epitope in aa459-606.And the amino acids sequence of this novel epitope is conservative. Conclusion ORF2 aa423-437 is a no-vel potential neutralizing leaner epitope of HEV. It is believed that the present work adds fundamental knowl-edge to our understanding of HEV capsid domain and contributes to the prevention and control of this dis-ease.

OBJECTIVE: To establish an acuity inspection system with sweep pattern visual evoked potential (SPVEP) so as to provide the evidence for acuity objective inspection. METHODS: Based on the domestic sweep pattern visual evoked apparatus, sections of hardware were reformed and a manipulation program possessing false random control software was compiled. The SPVEP acuity for the 78 eyes (10 normal eyes, 10 ametropia eyes, 48 prevalence eyes, 10 false ametropia eyes) was estimated with our acuity objective inspection system, then compared with the E visual acuity of those eyes by statistical procedure. RESULTS: There was a close correlation between the SPVEP acuity and E visual acuity for 78 eyes (r2 = 0.946). CONCLUSION SPVEP acuity inspection system can be applied to estimate objective acuity.
Evoked Potentials, Visual/physiology* ; Forensic Medicine/methods* ; Humans ; Vision Tests/methods* ; Visual Acuity/physiology*

China implemented the public hospital reform in 2012.This study utilized bootstrapping data envelopment analysis (DEA) to evaluate the technical efficiency (TE) and productivity of county public hospitals in Eastern,Central,and Western China after the 2012 public hospital reform.Data from 127 county public hospitals (39,45,and 43 in Eastern,Central,and Western China,respectively) were collected during 2012-2015.Changes of TE and productivity over time were estimated by bootstrapping DEA and bootstrapping Malmquist.The disparities in TE and productivity among public hospitals in the three regions of China were compared by Kruskal-Wallis H test and Mann-Whitney U test.The average bias-corrected TE values for the four-year period were 0.6442,0.5785,0.6099,and 0.6094 in Eastern,Central,and Western China,and the entire country respectively,with average non-technical efficiency,low pure technical efficiency (PTE),and high scale efficiency found.Productivity increased by 8.12％,0.25％,12.11％,and 11.58％ in China and its three regions during 2012-2015,and such increase in productivity resulted from progressive technological changes by 16.42％,6.32％,21.08％,and 21.42％,respectively.The TE and PTE of the county hospitals significantly differed among the three regions of China.Eastern and Western China showed significantly higher TE and PTE than Central China.More than 60％ of county public hospitals in China and its three areas operated at decreasing return scales.There was a considerable space for TE improvement in county hospitals in China and its three regions.During 2012-2015,the hospitals experienced progressive productivity;however,the PTE changed adversely.Moreover,Central China continuously achieved a significantly lower efficiency score than Eastern and Westem China.Decision makers and administrators in China should identify the causes of the observed inefficiencies and take appropriate measures to increase the efficiency of county public hospitals in the three areas of China,especially in Central China.

Yeast is a widely used host for recombinant protein expression. However, glycoproteins derived from yeast contain N-glycan of high mannose type and are usually hyperglycosylated. alpha-1,6-mannosyltransferases gene (och1) encodes the enzyme that initiates the first step of out-chain elongation of high mannose type N-glycan in yeast, which is different from that in human. So, a high efficient method to knockout target gene by two-step recombination was established and was used to delete och1. In the first recombinant, a plasmid with och1::ADE1 and ura3 gene was linearized in the downstream of och1 and inserted to the och1 site of P. pastoris genome, where the upstream and downstream of och1 were duplicated. In the second recombinant, the duplicated fragments of och1 were exchanged and the och1 deletion strains were selected on the plates containing 5-FOA, but no adenine. Then the och1 deletion strain was applied to express an human serum albumin (HSA) granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) chimera. Different with the hyperglycosylated HSA/GM-CSF chimera expressed in wild type P. pastoris, the chimera expressed in the och1 deletion strain, contained smaller N-glycan. The results suggested that the och1 mutant yeast may be more suitable for production of recombinant glycoproteins. And the och 1 deletion strain could be used for further re-engineering to produce complex human glycoproteins.
Chimera ; Gene Deletion ; Gene Knockout Techniques ; Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Mannosyltransferases ; genetics ; Pichia ; enzymology ; genetics ; metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Serum Albumin ; biosynthesis ; genetics

The present work was to investigate the effects of vasonatrin peptide (VNP) on cardiomyocyte protein synthesis induced by moderate hypoxia. In cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, MTT methods, total protein measurement and (3)H-leucine incorporation were used to calculate the cell number and measure the protein synthesis of cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, radioimmunoassay was undertaken to observe the effects of VNP on the intracellular levels of cAMP, cGMP and the concentration of endothelin (ET) in the culture medium. The results showed that both the cell number and protein synthesis decreased with severe hypoxia for 24 h. In contrast, under moderate hypoxia, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy developed; the protein synthesis as evidenced by total protein content and 3H-eucine incorporation increased significantly. VNP reduced cardiomyocyte protein synthesis induced by moderate hypoxia in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, VNP increased the intracellular level of cGMP and decreased the concentration of ET in the culture medium under moderate hypoxia, but had no effect on the level of cAMP. These results suggest that VNP inhibits moderate hypoxia-induced protein synthesis in cultured neonatal rat cardiac myocytes. This effect is mediated, at least in part, by an increase in intracellular cGMP, a reduction in synthesis, and/or a release in ET of cardiomyocytes.
Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Atrial Natriuretic Factor ; pharmacology ; Cell Hypoxia ; Cells, Cultured ; Cyclic AMP ; metabolism ; Cyclic GMP ; metabolism ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Endothelins ; biosynthesis ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; metabolism ; Protein Biosynthesis ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo investigate the value of 3-dimensional CT in the treatment of developmental dislocation of hip (DDH).

METHODSFrom 2003.6 to 2007.6, the femoral neck anteversion (FNA) and morphology of acetebulum in 53 patients with DDH (61 hips) were studied by three-dimensional CT imaging. Among the patients, 12 patients were male and 41 patients were female, ranging in age from 3 to 16 years (mean 5.6 years). Thirty-four patients had dislocation in left hip joint, 11 patients had dislocation in right hip joints, and 8 patients had double dislocations. The patients were treated with Pemberton or Chiari acetabuloplasty and femoral osteotomy. After operation all the cases were obeserved by 3-dimensional CT again. The femoral neck anteversions were measured and the shapes of new acetabulum were observed.

RESULTSAmong 61 hips of DDH, the maximum femoral neck anteversion was 90 degrees. The minimum was 35 degrees and the average was (45.6 +/- 11.4) degrees. Among 45 normal hips, the average femoral neck anteversion was (23.5 +/- 10. 2) degrees. The acetabulum were dysplastic according with what were found in the operation. After operation the femoral neck anteversions decreased and averaged (15.6 +/- 5.8) degrees. The femoral head containment improved.

CONCLUSIONThe advantages of 3D CT scan includes manifestation of acetebular morphology, correct measurement of femoral neck anteversion and evaluation of operative procedure and efficacy. The 3-dimensional CT method is deserved to use widely in the treatment of developmental dislocation of hip in children.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Femur Neck ; diagnostic imaging ; Hip Dislocation ; diagnostic imaging ; therapy ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; methods ; Male ; Tomography, Spiral Computed ; methods