OBJECTIVE: To observe the different tissue distributions of the adriamycin polybutylcyanoacrylate nanoparticle (ADM-PBCA-NP) in the mice body after the injection via lateral tail vein, and to study the liver targeting effects of ADM-PBCA-NP in different diameters on normal mice livers. METHODS: One hundred and eighty mice were randomly divided into 6 groups with 30 mice in each group: non-conjugated free ADM (Group 1); (22.3+/-6.2) nm in diameter ADM-PBCA-NP group (Group 2); (48.6+/-9.2) nm ADM-PBCA-NP group (Group 3); (101.9+/-20.3) nm ADM-PBCA-NP group (Group 4); (143.5+/-23.5) nm ADM-PBCA-NP group (Group 5), and (194.2+/-28.4) nm ADM-PBCA-NP group (Group 6). A single dose of either conjugated or free adriamycin equaled 2 mg/kg of body weight was delivered via the tail vein. Five mice in each trail were sacrificed at 5, 15, 30 minutes, 1, 5 and 12 hours after the injection, respectively. The adriamycin concentrations in the collected livers, kidneys, spleens, hearts, lungs and plasma were demonstrated using a high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detector. RESULTS: Compared with that of the control group, adriamycin was hardly detected in the heart muscles of the treatment groups (P<0.05). The nanoparticle-conjugated adriamycin was cleaned up quickly from the kidney tissues. The adriamycin concentrations of the mice liver and spleen in the experimental groups was significantly higher than those in the control group, except for the group with the nanoparticles diameters of (22.3+/-6.2) nm (P<0.05). The ADM-PBCA-NP in (101.9+/-20.3) nm diameter had the highest liver distribution, and the second highest adriamycin distribution in the liver was the group of (143.5+/-23.5) nm diameter (P<0.05). Adriamycin was released slowly in the liver during the detection period in the experimental groups. ADM-PBCA-NP in (22.3+/-6.2) nm diameter was not distributed in the tissues of the livers, kidneys, hearts, spleens, and lungs. CONCLUSION ADM-PBCA-NP with a 100 - 150 nm diameter range has the best liver targeting with slow medicine release. It also decreases the medicine distribution in the heart and other organs. In the treatment of liver cancer, the polybutylcyanoacrylate nanoparticle system has a good liver targeting ability, which increases the anticancer activity and markedly decreases the toxicity of adriamycin.
Animals ; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Doxorubicin ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Drug Carriers ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Enbucrilate ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Liver ; metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Nanoparticles ; Particle Size ; Random Allocation ; Tissue Distribution

Fifty-six patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy(GO)were treated with antithyroid drug and oral prednisone for three months,TSH receptor antibody(TRAb)level was reduced,GO activity and severity of some patients were ameliorated but still positively associated with TRAb.It suggests that TRAb not only triggers off GO but also plays a possible role in the maintenance of the autoimmune process in GO.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between the expression of EIIIA+ fibronectin in incised wound of rat's skin and injury time. METHODS: The wounding model was established by cutting the dorsal skin of 48 adult SD rats. The rats were sacrificed at the pre-set injury time as immediately, 0.5 h, 1 h, 2 h, 3 h, 4 h, 6 h, and 8 h. The skin samples were taken at the margin of wound. The expression of the EIIIA? fibronectin was detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting and the relationship be- tween its expression and injury time was observed. Results The expression of EIIIA+ fibronectin was not observed immediately. The basal cell of skin began to show positive expression 0.5 h after injury. With the extension of injury time, positive staining became stronger. The value of relative optical density was gradually increased with prolonged injury time by the Western blotting analysis. CONCLUSION The expression of EIIIA+ fibronectin could be used for estimation of injury time in the early stage of skin injury.
Animals ; Fibronectins/metabolism* ; Immunohistochemistry ; Proteins/metabolism* ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Skin/metabolism* ; Staining and Labeling ; Time Factors

OBJECTIVETo explore the safety and effectiveness of endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) in the treatment of colorectal polyps.

METHODEMR was applied in the treatment of colorectal polyps.

RESULTSA total of 3578 polyps in 2609 patients were all completely resected except 2 cases and the integrated rate of samples was 99.6%. Intra- and post-operation complications occurred in 22 cases(0.8%), including 7 intraoperative bleeding, 5 postoperative bleeding, and 10 thermal burn, which were cured by symptomatic treatment. A total of 1530 (58.6%) cases were followed-up with 3-12 months and no relapse was found in former place of excision.

CONCLUSIONEMR can be applied in resection of colorectal polyps effectively and safely.

Aged ; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal ; Humans ; Intestinal Mucosa ; surgery ; Intestinal Polyps ; surgery ; Postoperative Hemorrhage ; Recurrence

BACKGROUNDLiver targeting drug delivery systems can improve the curative effects and relieve the cytotoxicity of the chemotherapy drugs in the treatment of liver diseases. Nanoparticles carrying therapeutic drugs are currently under hot investigation with great clinical significance. This study was aimed to investigate the different tissue distribution of the adriamycin polybutylcyanoacrylate nanoparticle (ADM-PBCA-NP) in the mice body after an injection via lateral tail vein, and to study the liver targeting effects of ADM-PBCA-NP in different diameters on normal mice liver.

METHODSOne hundred and eighty Kunming mice were randomly divided into 6 groups with 30 mice in each group (5 treatment groups of ADM-PBCA-NP in the different diameter ranges, non-conjugated free adriamycin injection was employed as the control group). A single dose of either conjugated or free adriamycin equaled 2 mg/kg of body weight was delivered via the tail vein. Five mice in each trail were sacrificed at 5, 15, 30 minutes, 1, 5 and 12 hours postinjection, respectively. The adriamycin concentrations in the respectively collected liver, kidney, spleen, heart, lung and plasma were demonstrated using a high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detector.

RESULTSCompared with the control group, adriamycin was hardly detected in the heart muscle of the treatment groups (P < 0.05). The nanoparticle-conjugated adriamycin was cleaned up quickly from the kidney tissue. The adriamycin concentrations of the mice liver and spleen in the experimental groups were significantly higher than that in the control group, except for the group with the nanoparticles diameters of (22.3 +/- 6.2) nm (P < 0.05). The ADM-PBCA-NP in (101.0 +/- 20.3) nm diameter had the highest liver distribution, and the second highest adriamycin distribution in liver was the group of (143.0 +/- 23.5) nm diameter (P < 0.05). Moreover, adriamycin was released slowly in the liver during the detection period in the experimental groups. ADM-PBCA-NP in (22.3 +/- 6.2) nm diameter was not distributed in the tissue of the liver, kidney, heart, spleen, and lung.

CONCLUSIONSADM-PBCA-NP in 100 - 150 nm diameter range has the best liver targeting with a characteristic of slow medicine release. It also decreases the medicine distribution in the heart, kidney and lung. In the treatment of liver cancer, the polybutylcyanoacrylate nanoparticles system has a good liver targeting ability, which increases the anticancer activity and markedly decreases the toxicity of adriamycin.

Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; administration & dosage ; Doxorubicin ; administration & dosage ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Enbucrilate ; administration & dosage ; Liver ; metabolism ; Mice ; Nanostructures ; Tissue Distribution

OBJECTIVETo explore an effective method for repairing the large skin and vessel defect of upper arm.

METHODSThe large skin defect was repaired by the free anterolateral thigh flap. The vessel defect was reconstructed with the end branch of descending branch from lateral femoral circumflex artery, or the large muscular branch through bridge-like vascular anastomosis.

RESULTSSince 2003, 5 cases were treated. All the flaps survived completely with a soft tissue texture. They were followed up for 8-24 months. The cosmetic and functional results were both satisfactory with less morbidity in the donor sites. The blood supply of the flap and the end of extremities was not affected by weather.

CONCLUSIONSAnterolateral thigh flap is very suitable for large skin and vessel defect of upper arm.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Arm Injuries ; surgery ; Dermatologic Surgical Procedures ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Skin ; injuries ; Skin Transplantation ; methods ; Soft Tissue Injuries ; surgery ; Surgical Flaps ; Thigh ; surgery ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the prevalence of aminoglycoside resistance and genotyping of acetyltransferase in Escherichia coli.

METHODSResistance phenotypes to 12 antibiotics of 44 Escherichia coli isolates were analyzed using agar dilution method and 3 aminoglycoside resistance genes aac(3)-I, II and aac(6')-I were determined by PCR method.

RESULTSIn 44 clinical isolates, the occurrence of ESBLs was 45.45%, resistance rates were discrepant for amikacin (18.18%), gentamicin (56.82%) and tobramycin (61.36%), the prevalence of phenotype TG (tobramycin and gentamicin) indicative of aac(3)-II production and TGA (tobramycin, gentamicin and amikacin) indicative of aac(6')-I production were 36.36% and 18.18%, respectively. The most common aminoglycoside resistance genotype of acetyltransferase was aac(3)-II (52.27%) and aac(6')-I was lower (29.55%), but no aac(3)-I was detected.

CONCLUSIONAt least 2 acetyltransferase genes exist in this area i.e. aac(3)-II and aac(6')-I.

Acyltransferases ; genetics ; Amikacin ; pharmacology ; Aminoglycosides ; pharmacology ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; genetics ; Escherichia coli ; enzymology ; genetics ; Genotype ; Gentamicins ; pharmacology ; Phenotype ; Tobramycin ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo study the relation between dendritic cell (DC) infiltration and clinicopathologic parameters, biologic characteristics and prognosis of progressing gastric cancer.

METHODSThe development of apoptotic cell death (apoptotic index, AI) in 61 progressing gastric carcinoma tissues was analyzed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) method. The PCNA labeling index (PCNA-LI), density of dendritic cells in the tumor were detected by immunohistochemical method by the LSAB kit using antibody against S-100 protein and PC-10.

RESULTSDC infiltration was negatively correlated with lymph node metastasis, clinical stage and PCNA-LI, but positively with AI. The DCs in gastric cancer groups with and without lymph node metastasis were (5.63 +/- 4.37)/HPF and (8.51 +/- 5.57)/HPF with difference significant (P < 0.05). The DC infiltration in I, II, III stage lesions were (11.23 +/- 6.05)/HPF, (6.28 +/- 4.37)/HPF and (5.53 +/- 5.19)/HPF also with differences significant (P < 0.01). The PCNA-LI was significantly higher in the low DC group (57.10% +/- 14.18%) than that of high DC group (48.15% +/- 10.59%, P < 0.01). AI findings were 3.77% +/- 1.26% and 2.95% +/- 1.07% in the high and low DC groups (P < 0.01). A positive correlation was observed between DC infiltration and AI (r = 0.39, P < 0.01) whereas a negative correlation between DC infiltration and PCNA-LI (r = -0.47, P < 0.01). The prognosis of high DC infiltration patients was significantly better than those with low ones.

CONCLUSIONThe infiltrating dendritic cells in and around tumor, representing the local immune status of the host, may play an important role in immunological defense mechanism of host versus tumor. Dendritic cells may inhibit the proliferation and induce the apoptosis of the tumor cells, thus affecting the clinical features and improve the prognosis of gastric carcinoma.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Apoptosis ; Cell Division ; Dendritic Cells ; physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen ; analysis ; Stomach Neoplasms ; mortality ; pathology ; Survival Rate

Objective To investigate the impact of accountable and kindred-like nursing and the practice of quality care.Methods 100 primiparas who gave birth three months before the accountable and kindred-like nursing were selected as the control group,while 100 primiparas who gave birth three months after accountable and kindred-like nursing were selected as the observation group.Tow groups' understanding of health education knowledge and skills,satisfaction with nursing when discharged,nomination rate of the most satisfactory nurse and compliance behavior after discharged were compared.Results In the observation group,62 cases had fully understood,28 had basically understood and 10 had not understood the health education knowledge when discharged,while in the control group the numbers were respectively 30,56 and 14.In the observation group,75 cases had fully understood,19 had basically understood and 6 had not understood the health education skills when discharged,while in the control group the numbers were respectively 28,58 and 14.The understanding of health education knowledge and skills were much better in the observation group than in the control group,and the differences were statistically significant (x2 =21.13,44.40,respectively; P ＜0.05).After being discharged,the compliance behaviors including pure breastfeeding,newborn massage and baby swimming of the observation group were also better than the control group (49 vs 27,58 vs 27,47 vs 18,respectively),and the differences were statistically significant (x2 =9.93,20.14,19.16,respectively; P ＜0.05).There were no significant differences in infant buttock nursing between two groups (P ＞ 0.05).The satisfaction of nursing and nomination rate of the most satisfactory nurse were also much higher in the observation group (99 vs 93,82 vs 53,respectively),and the differences were statistically significant (x2 =10.86,19.17,respectively ;P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Accountable and kindred-like nursing can enhance the effect of health education,compliance behaviors,so as to improve the satisfaction degree of puerperants and their families with nursing service.