Objective To evaluate the significance of CT assessment for extraarticular anatomy in treatment of displaced intraarticular calcaneal fractures.Methods(1)Measurement of normal calcaneum 40 pieces of adult calcaneum specimen were measured,items of measurement included height of culmination of posterior facet and tuberosity,width of posterior edge of sustentaculum and tuberosity.(2)CT measurement of calcaneum.Transverse(axial)and coronal CT scanning were obtained from 20 feet with displaced intraarticular calcaneal and 20 normal feet as control.Following items were measured in CT scanning:the height of culmination of posterior facet and tuberosity,the coronal talocalcaneal angle,in coronal scanning,the width of posterior edge of sustentaculum and tuberosity,the axial calcaneocuboid angle,in axial scanning.Results(1)Measurement of height of calcaneum height of culmination of posterior facet and tuberosity of calcaneal specimen were(43.07?2.85)mm and(44.69?3.67)mm respectively,and these two items from CT scanning of normal feet were(42.84?1.66)mm,(43.40? 3.01)nun,and from CT scanning of feet with calcaneal fractures were(34.76?3.24)mm,(40.41? 3.69)mm.There was a statistically significant different between these two items for normal calcaneal specimen and for CT scanning of feet with ealcaneal fractures(P

BackgroundThe quest to look for seed cells is a hot spot of cornea transplant research in solving the problem of the lack of donor. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs) have been successfully induced into retinal ganglion cells(RGCs) in vivo,but the successful induction of BMSCs into corneal endothelial cells has not been reported.Objective This experiment was to study the transplantation of BMSCs on corneal endothelial surface using the splitting Descemet's membrane. MethodsFour healthy adult rhesus monkeys were divided into the experimental group ( 3 monkeys) and control group ( 1 monkey). Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were isolated from bone marrow by density gradient centrifugation combined with adhering means. The cultured cells were identified by flow cytometry and its ability to differentiate was determined by allowing them to differentiate into adipocytes in vitro and labeled by 5-bromodeoxyuridine ( BrdU ) for subsequent identification. Corneal grafts of 7 mm in size with tearing of the Descemet' s membrane were prepared in the experimental group and control group. After labeling by 5-bromodeoxyuridine( BrdU ) ,cultured cells were transplanted onto the endothelial surface of cornea grafts in the experimental group, but no cultured cells were seeded in the graft of the control group. The corneal grafts were then sutured in situ, and were removed 1,2 or 3 months after operation to examine the distribution and connection between transplanted cells and their morphologic changes under the electron microscope. Results High purity MSCs were harvested by density gradient centrifugation combined with adhering method. Cultured cells reached confluency after 12 to 16 days, presenting with a spindle shape and parallel or swirling arrangement. Flow cytometry analysis showed that 94.26％ of cells were positive for CD29,7. 51％ for CD34 and 4. 02％ for CD45. Larger nuclei filled with plastosomes, golgiosomes and rough endoplasmic reticula were found on the graft under the transmission electron microscope( TEM ). After 3 weeks, MSCs were differentiated into adipocytes where Oil Red O staining resulted in an orange-red staining in the cytoplasm and blue staining in the nuclei. The transplanted cells attached loosely on the endothelial surface of the corneal graft and came in contact with each other in one month. The shape of the cells appeared as spindle-shaped and polygonal after 2 months and became tightly packed after 3 months. The positive cells retained the BrdU label and presented with brown nuclei. No endothelia cells grew in the cornea graft in the control group, with an absence of BrdU labeling. Conclusions Mesenchymal stem cells can be transplanted onto the corneal endothelial surface successfully and form a monolayer using the centrifugation method, and present with good survival and proliferation ability.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the treatment of upper lip atrophy resulted by previous therapy.

METHODSFrom Mar. 2008 to Mar. 2012, 4 cases with upper lip atrophy resulted by radiotherapy and sclerosing agent injection were treated with lower orbicularis oris muscle flap wrapped by acellular dermis. The thickness and height of upper lip were increased to improve the lip atrophy.

RESULTSPrimary wound healing was achieved in all the 4 cases. All the patients were followed up for 3 years with obvious improvement and inconspicuous scar.

CONCLUSIONThe volume of lower lip in children is not sufficient as donor site. The lower orbicularis oris muscle flap wrapped by acellular dermis can effectively improve the lip thickness and vermilion portion of upper lip.

Acellular Dermis ; Atrophy ; surgery ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Lip Diseases ; surgery ; Male ; Mouth Mucosa ; transplantation ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Skin Transplantation ; methods ; Surgical Flaps

Paracetamol was used as a model drug in this study to investigate the synergetic effects of lipid coating and beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) inclusion for masking the bitter taste of poorly soluble drugs. To control the concentration as low as possible of the free drug which produced a bitter taste, a kinetic model was established to calculate the drug distribution theoretically among the free drug in medium, lipid coated particles and molecular inclusion on the basis of the preparation and characterization of the lipid microspheres, so as to select the proper amount of beta-CD. Finally, the synergetic drug delivery systems were prepared and characterized by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), molecular simulation and the electronic tongue. As a result, the drug release rate constant (k) of the lipid microspheres coated with octadecanol was determined as 0.001 270 s(-1). Then, the synergetic drug delivery systems were prepared with the ratio of 6.74 : 1 (w/w) for beta-CD and paracetamol. The chemical shift values for the fingerprint peaks of paracetamol all increased and hydrogen bonds were formed between the oxygen on the phenolic hydroxyl group, the nitrogen on the imino in paracetamol and the hydrogens on the hydroxyl groups in beta-CD. The results tested by the electronic tongue indicated that the paracetamol, lipid microspheres, beta-CD inclusion and their mixture showed different taste characteristics, with the bitterness order of the synergetic drug delivery systems approximately lipid microspheres < beta-CD inclusion < paracetamol, which confirmed the synergetic taste masking effects of lipid coating and beta-CD molecular inclusion. In summary, the synergetic taste masking was jointly achieved through the retard of the drug release by the lipid coating and the inclusion of the free paracetamol by beta-CD through hydrogen bonds.
Acetaminophen ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Administration, Oral ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Electrical Equipment and Supplies ; Electrochemical Techniques ; instrumentation ; methods ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Kinetics ; Lipids ; chemistry ; Microspheres ; Solubility ; Taste ; drug effects ; beta-Cyclodextrins ; chemistry

BACKGROUNDPrevious studies suggested that zinc level was related to a certain diabetic microvascular complication. However, the relationship between zinc level and all the microvascular complications in type 2 diabetic patients remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between zinc level and each diabetic microvascular complication and identify the features related to low serum zinc level.

METHODSWe included the hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) at our department from May 30, 2013 to March 31, 2014. We initially compared the serum zinc levels between patients with specific microvascular complications and those without. We then analyzed the association between zinc level and each microvascular complication. Furthermore, we identified the unique features of patients with high and low serum zinc levels and analyzed the risk factors related to low zinc level.

RESULTSThe 412 patients included 271 with microvascular complications and 141 without any microvascular complications. Serum zinc level was significantly lower in patients with diabetic retinopathy (P < 0.001), diabetic nephropathy (DN, P < 0.001), or diabetic peripheral neuropathy (P = 0.002) compared with patients without that specific complication. Lower zinc level was an independent risk factor for DN (odds ratio = 0.869, 95% confidence interval = 0.765-0.987, P < 0.05). The subjects with lower serum zinc level had manifested a longer duration of diabetes, higher level of hemoglobin A1c, higher prevalence of hypertension and microvascular complications, and lower fasting and 2-h C-peptide levels.

CONCLUSIONSLower serum zinc level in T2D patients was related to higher prevalence of diabetic microvascular complications, and represented as an independent risk factor for DN. Patients with lower zinc level were more likely to have a longer duration of diabetes, poorer glucose control, and worse β-cell function.

Adult ; Aged ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; blood ; complications ; Diabetic Nephropathies ; blood ; etiology ; Diabetic Neuropathies ; blood ; etiology ; Diabetic Retinopathy ; blood ; etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors ; Zinc ; blood

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of internal fixation with absorbable pins on treatment of displaced radial head fractures.

METHODSFrom May 1999 to May 2004, 16 patients with displaced radial head fractures (Mason types II and III) were treated with internal fixation by absorbable pins. The duration of follow-up averaged 22.6 months (12-58 months). The outcome was assessed on the basis of elbow motion, radiographic findings and the functional rating score delineated by Broberg and Morrey.

RESULTSAll fractures healed within 10 months without avascular necrosis of radial head. The mean elbow flexion loss was 15 degrees (0 degrees-35 degrees), and pronation and supination decreased by 10 degrees (0 degrees-30 degrees) on average compared with those of the contralateral elbow. Five patients had an excellent result, 6 a good result, and 3 a fair result according to the criteria of Borberg and Morrey.

CONCLUSIONSInternal fixation with absorbable pins is an effective method in treating displaced radial head fractures. It can maintain the biomechanical stability of forearm, improve the elbow function and avoid second operation.

Adult ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prostheses and Implants ; Prosthesis Design ; Radius ; surgery ; Radius Fractures ; physiopathology ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo verify the clinical efficacy of acupuncture combined with auricle cutting method for treatment of blood stasis-type psoriasis.

METHODSFifty-six cases of blood stasis-type psoriasis were randomly divided into a combined therapy group, a auricle cutting group, an acupuncture group and a control group, 14 cases in each one. Based on regular treatment of TCM decoction in four groups, the combined therapy group was treated with acupuncture and auricle cutting method, and the auricle cutting group was treated with sham-acupuncture and auricle cutting, and the acupuncture group was treated with acupuncture and sham auricle cutting, and the control group was treated with sham-acupuncture and sham auricle cutting. The acupuncture was applied at Dazhui (GV 14), Feishu (BL 13), Ganshu (BL 18) and Geshu (BL 17), etc., and manipulated with routine technique; in the sham acupuncture, the needle was inserted into dermis layer so that the needles could be swung without being dropped out. In the auricle cutting, erbeixin (P1) of unilateral auricle was selected and cut by Chan needle to perform bloodletting; in the sham auricle cutting, the neighborhood approximately 0.5 cm next to erbeixin (P) of auricle was selected as cutting area. The treatment was given once a day, seven days as a treatment session for totally two sessions. Psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) before and after treatment was observed and efficacy of each group was compared.

RESULTSThe effective rate was 57.1% (8/14) in the combined therapy group, which was superior to 14.3% (2/14) in the auricle cutting group, 7.1% (1/14) in the acupuncture group and 0.0% (0/14) in the control group (all P < 0.05). The scores of PASI were all decreased in each group after the treatment (all P < 0.05), which was the most significant in the combined therapy group (all P < 0.05). After factorial analysis, the main effect was P < 0.05 in the auricle cutting, P < 0.05 in the acupuncture and P < 0.05 in interaction effect of combined therapy.

CONCLUSIONThe scores of PASI of blood stasis-type psoriasis could be effectively reduced by acupuncture, auricle cutting method and TCM decoction, among which the interaction effect of auricle cutting and acupuncture combined with TCM decoction is the most significant.

Acupuncture Therapy ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Bloodletting ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Ear ; blood supply ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Psoriasis ; blood ; therapy ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

To study immunophenotype and cytotoxicity of the immunocytes in bone marrow and peripheral blood after activation by combined cytokines, mononuclear cells (MNC) of bone marrow and peripheral blood were activated by IFN-gamma, IL-1, IL-2 and McAb-CD3 in vitro. The cell amount and morphology during culture were observed. Cytochemical staining and immunophenotype analysis were done before and after culture in two groups of MNC. Cytotoxicity was tested by MTT method. The results showed that the cell number of two groups increased obviously in culture (P < 0.05), while the peripheral blood mononuclear cells increased more markedly (P < 0.05). The cytochemical staining showed POX decrease, but PAS increase in two groups. The positive ratios of CD3(+), CD56(+) and CD38(+) cells in two groups increased obviously after culture (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference between those two groups. CD3(+) CD56(+) cells increased obviously in peripheral blood mononuclear cells activated by cytokines (P < 0.05), but CD3(+) CD56(+) cells did not increase in bone marrow mononuclear cells. There was no significant difference between two groups' cytotoxicity. It was concluded that IFN-gamma, IL-1, IL-2 and McAb-C D3 increased cell number and cytotoxicity of both bone marrow and peripheral blood mononuclear cells that can be used in cell immunotherapy.
ADP-ribosyl Cyclase ; immunology ; ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1 ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; pharmacology ; Antigens, CD ; immunology ; Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; immunology ; CD3 Complex ; immunology ; CD56 Antigen ; immunology ; Cell Count ; Cell Division ; drug effects ; Coculture Techniques ; Cytokines ; pharmacology ; Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic ; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic ; drug effects ; HL-60 Cells ; Humans ; Immunophenotyping ; Interferon-gamma ; pharmacology ; Interleukin-1 ; pharmacology ; Interleukin-2 ; pharmacology ; K562 Cells ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear ; cytology ; drug effects ; immunology ; Membrane Glycoproteins ; Time Factors

It has need to separate red blood cells (RBC) from marrow graft in ABO group unmatched BMT and auto-BMT with purging tumor cells, the separating effect of methylcellulose was observed. The mixture of 0.5% methylcellulose and bone marrow was laid up in an open transfusion system, and then sedimentation of RBC was performed in the transfusion tube. The separating results of 18 marrow grafts showed that the recovery rates of mononuclear cells and CD34(+) cells were (83.8 +/- 55.2)% and (90.3 +/- 7.2)%, respectively. RBC residual rate was (4.3 +/- 1.5)%. The yield of CFU-GM was (60.8 +/- 22.4)/2 x 10(5) MNC, and there was no difference to [(69.8 +/- 23.4)/2 x 10(5) MNC] yielded from same marrow samples, separated by Ficoll-Hypaque separation. It is concluded that this method could be used for bone marrow transplantation.
Bone Marrow Transplantation ; methods ; Cell Separation ; methods ; Erythrocytes ; immunology ; Humans ; Methylcellulose ; pharmacology

The study aimed to explore the changes of the immunocyte quantities and cytotoxicity in bone marrow, and how many hematopoietic progenitor cells retained after the bone marrow cells were activated by different combinations of various cytokines. Bone marrow cells were divided into four groups and were cultured in vitro: (1) Control: no cytokines were added. (2) IL-2 group: bone marrow cells were activated by IL-2. (3) CD3-AK group: bone marrow cells were activated by IL-2 and CD3-McAb. (4) CIK group: IFN-gamma, IL-1, IL-2 and CD3-McAb were added. CFU-GM assay and CD3 phenotype detection were performed before and after activating culture in all groups. The changes of cell quantities during culture and cytotoxicity of cultured cells were tested. CD3 positive cells markedly increased in both CD3-AK and CIK groups. The cell numbers and cytotoxicity of CD3-AK and CIK groups were higher than those of control or IL-2 group obviously after culture (P < 0.05). CFU-GM were decreased in all groups after culture and there had no significant difference among four groups. The combination of IL-2 and CD3-McAb not only stimulates the proliferation of marrow immunocytes and increases their cytotoxicity but retains enough hematopoietic progenitor cells as well. This combination of cytokines can be used to purge autologous bone marrow in vitro.