Objective To investigate the pathogenesis in hemifacial spasm by establishing animal models of hemifacial spasm and combining with electrophysiological technique. Methods 28 New Zealand white rabbits were randomized into four groups: 13 rabbits underwent both artificial demylination and arterial compression (model group). 5 rabbits underwent only arterial compression, 5 rabbits underwent only artificial demyelination and 5 rabbits underwent sham operation control. Abnormal muscle response (AMR) and F wave changes in all groups were tested and compared at the third or sixth week after operation respectively.Results No AMR was recorded in all four groups at the third week after operation, while a clear AMR was elicited in ten animals in model group rather than in the other groups at the sixth week of postoperation. F/M amplitude ratio, the F wave duration and frequency of F wave appearance in model animals significantly increased as compared with those of the other groups ( P 0 05). Conclusion The hyperactivity of the facial motonucleus may be the pathophysiological basis of hemifacial spasm.

Objective To study expression and clinical significance of nm23 genes in primary breast carcinomas. Methods The expression of nm23 was detected by immunohistochemical S-P method in 286 cases of primary breast carcinomas. Results The positive rate of nm23 expression was 65.7%. There was not a significant correlation between the positive rate of nm23 and patients' age, tumor pathological types. There was a significant relation between the expression of nm23 and tumor clinical stage, axillary lymph node metastasis, and the positive rate of nm23 expression in the cases of clinical stage I without axilliary lymph node metastasis was significantly higher than that in the cases of clinical stage III with axilliary lymph node metastasis. Conclusion The expression of nm23 gene was negatively related with clinical stage and axilliary lymph node metastasis in breast carcinomas, which indicated that nm23 gene expression may serve as an index for predicting lymph node metastasis and the prognosis of breast carcinoma.

Adolescent ; Alopecia ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Bone and Bones ; abnormalities ; Denture, Complete, Upper ; Diarrhea ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Spasm ; diagnosis ; therapy

Angiodysplasia ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Male ; Pulmonary Artery ; abnormalities ; Pulmonary Veins ; abnormalities

BACKGROUND: The commonly used culture methods for primary intervertebral disc cells are type Ⅱcol agenase alone digestion method, and type Ⅱ col agenase combined trypin digestion method. However, the acquired cells are few. OBJECTIVE: To acquire nucleus pulposus cells from human degenerative intervertebral disc using a systemic and simplified method. METHODS: Nucleus pulposus cells were isolated and cultured. The morphology of nucleus pulposus cells was observed under inverted phase contrast microscope every day. Primary and subcultured cellsuspension was applied for the determination of cel viability using trypan blue staining. The cel growth was detected with MTT assay. The cel morphology was observed under laser confocal microscopy. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Nucleus pulposus cells were successful y isolated from from human degenerative intervertebral disc using the improved method, and cells were subcultured to passage 3. Primary cells were fusiform shaped, while cells at passage 1 and 2 were triangle or polygonal, which were similar to fibroblasts. When cells almost reached the confluence, the cells showed slabstone-like appearance. Trypan blue staining showed that, the primary cel viability was 99%, and passage 3 cells had 93%-95% viability. The proliferation of nucleus pulposus cells gradual y decreased as the generation increased. Compared with passage 1 cells, passage 2 and 3 cells at logarithmic phase trended to be smoother. The cel morphology observed under laser confocal microscopy was similar to the results under phase contrast microscope. The improved simple method can successful y acquire a variety of cells from human degenerative intervertebral disc, and these cells show fine biological properties.

?AlM: To study the correlation between monocular mild myopic juvenile myopia degree and dominant eye.
? METHODS: Totally 158 patients with juvenile monocularly mild myopia in our hospital from December 2012 to December 2013 were retrospectively analyzed, and cylindrical mirror astigmatism was used for spherical equivalent conversion. On the basis of the myopic degree, they were divided into three groups, 30 cases in group A (-0. 25~-0. 75D), 92 cases in B group (-1. 0~-2. 0D), 36 cases in group C (-2. 25 ~ -3. 0D). The card hole method was selected to measure dominant eye for subjectsat nearly 33cm and 5m. After glasses correction of ametropia, the far and near dominant eyes were received measurement again.
?RESULTS:The monocular mild myopia of dominant eye was compared with the non-dominant eye adjustment function, and there was no significant difference ( P>0. 05 ) . The dominant eye, non - dominant eye mean diopter and other correlations of eyes in the three groups were compared, and there was no significant difference (P>0. 05). The dominant eye of three groups at 5m was compared, and there was significant difference (P<0. 05). The dominant eye of three groups at 33cm was compared, and there was significant difference (P<0. 05). Dominant eye at different visual distance was compared, and there was significant difference (P<0. 05). Monocular uncorrected eye was compared with dominant eye mild afte myopia glassesr, and there was significant difference (P< 0. 05).
?CONCLUSlON: The formation of myopic anisometropia is related to the degree of clearly seeing objects, although glasses correction can improve the clarity and visual, but affect the choice of the dominant eye, because the myopic anisometropia appears most early in the dominant eye, therefore optician correction stage, which should be taken into consideration, and avoid the severity of the adolescent myopia.

AlM: To study the therapeutic effect of external-route microsurgery forrhegmatogenous retinal detachment.
METHODS: ln 55 patients ( 55 eyes ) with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, drainage of subretinal fluid, examination of locating the holes, sclera cryotherapy, scleral buckling, and vitreous cavity injection of filtrated air were performed under surgical microscope.
RESULTS:The retinal reattachment occurred in 50 cases after the primary surgery. The final rate of reattachment was 91% during 6 - 12mo follow - up. The retinal reattachment occurred in 1 case ( recurrent retinal detachment) after the secondary surgery and in 4 cases ( recurrent retinal detachment ) after vitrectomy. The eyesight was improved with different degrees in 55 cases.CONCLUSlON: The external- route microsurgery for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment is simple, safe and effective.

Animals ; Brain Diseases ; parasitology ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Sparganosis ; Sparganum

Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Neoplasms ; radiotherapy ; surgery ; Radiosurgery ; instrumentation ; methods ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Objective To investigate the cavernous nerves innervation from prostate apex to glans penis and the relation between cavernous nerves and surrounding tissues and organs. Methods The urethra and penises of three formalin preserved adult cadavers were removed from prostate apex to glans penis.The sections underwent hematoxylin-eosin staining and Bielschowsky nerve staining.The course and distribution of cavernous nerves and relationship between the cavernous nerves and surrounding tissues and organs was observed microscopically and photographed from prostate apex to glans penis. Results From serial sections we found when nerve fibres run along prostate apex,while surrounding the lateral and dorsal aspects of prostate apex and urethra.from 30'clock to 9 0'clock.Most fibres went through smooth muscle and some of them went through the periphery striated muscle and urogenital diaphragm.The distance to urethra lumen was only 3-5 mm.After the nerve fibres went distally and anteriorly,they accompanied closely with cavernous vein plexus and then went into corpora cavernosa.At the distal end of corpora cavernosa,there were"windows"through which the neurovascular bundles communicated between corpora cavernosa and glans penis just like doors to glans penis. Conclusions When nerve fibres run from prostate apex to urogenital diaphragm,along dorsal lateral aspect of prostate and urethra,there are only 3-5 mm to the urethra lumen,so it is very easy to be injured in traumas or operations.In the urethral bulb fragment,the nerves run anteriorly and laterally.out of the periphary muscle,so the cavernous nerves will not be i~ured when dissect urethra bulb from surrounding muscles.Dissect glans penis from distal end of penis in operation would be avoided in order to protect the cavernous nerves between corpora cavernosa and glans penis.