Xylan from sugar cane bagasse can be cross linked by 1,4 butanedioldiglycidylether with dye Cibacron blue 3GA to form an insoluble dye solid This substrate was stable from pH4 to pH8 at 50℃ for 24h or 100℃ for 30min It is easy and sensitive to use this dyed xylan from sugar cane bagasse in measuring xylanase activity and screening xylanase producing microorganisms on agar plate

Objective The aim of this paper is to know about the pollution of microcystin-LR(MC-LR)in Fenhe First reservoir and Fenhe Second reservoir in Taiyuan and provide reference for making the policy of prevention microcystin-LR pollution.Methods During the low water period(May,2005)and common period(Oct,2005),5 liter water was sampled in the entrance,the center and the exit in Fenhe First reservoir and Fenhe Second reservoir respectively.The concentrations of MC-LR in two reservoirs were determined by the high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).Results The average concentration (0.875 ?g/L)of MC-LR in low water period was 3 time of that(0.283 ?g/L)in common period in Fenhe First reservoir.The average concentration(0.815 ?g/L)of MC-LR in low water period was 17 time of that(0.048 ?g/L)in common period in Fenhe Second reservoir.The level of MC-LR in the entrance was the highest,that in the exit was the lowest,that in the center was middle. The concentration of MC-LR of the entrance in low water period was more than the MC-LR limit(1 ?g/L)in Life drinking water hygienic guide(2001).Conclusion MC-LR pollution has been found in Fenhe First reservoir and Fenhe Second reservoir and the pollution is serious in low water period.

Objective: To investigate the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on cognitive function in D-galactose (D-gal)-induced aging rats, and the correlation between the effect and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3)-ASC-Caspase-1 signaling pathway. Methods: Forty-six male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into a control group (n=10), a model group (n=12), an EA-7 d group (n=12) and an EA-21 d group (n=12). Except the control group, the other three groups received 42 consecutive days of intraperitoneal injection of D-gal to establish aging rat models with cognitive dysfunction. The control group received the same amount of normal saline via intraperitoneal injection. Two EA groups were given EA therapy for 21 consecutive days (began from the 22nd day of modeling) or 7 consecutive days (began from the 36th day of modeling) accordingly at Dazhui (GV 14), Baihui (GV 20), Shenshu (BL 23) and Zusanli (ST 36). After modeling/ intervention, all four groups received behavioral evaluations by Morris water maze (MWM) test, novel object recognition (NOR) test and step-down passive avoidance (SDPA) test followed by the Western blot (WB) detection of the expression levels of hippocampal NLRP3 inflammasome-associated proteins NLRP3, ASC and Caspase-1. Results: MWM (place navigation test, PNT) results showed that the escape latency in the model group was significantly longer than that in the other three groups (P<0.05), and there was no significant difference among the other three groups on the 1st day of the test (P>0.05). From the 2nd day to the 4th day of the test, there was no significant difference between the EA-21 d group and the control group (P>0.05) in the escape latency; the escape latency was significantly shorter in the EA-21 d group than in the model group and the EA-7 d group (P<0.05). MWM (spatial probe test, SPT) results showed that the time spent in the target quadrant was significantly shorter and platform crossover number was significantly lower in the model group than in the other three groups (P<0.05). The time spent in the target quadrant was longer in the EA-7 d group than in the model group (P<0.05), but was shorter than that in the control group and the EA-21 d group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the swimming speed among the four groups (P>0.05). NOR results showed that there was no significant difference in the recognition ratio between the EA-7 d group and the EA-21 d group (P>0.05), and the recognition ratio was significantly higher in the two EA groups than in the model group (P<0.05), but was lower than in the control group (P<0.05). SDPA results showed that the electric shock number was higher in the model group than in the other three groups (P<0.05), and the differences among the other three groups were statistically insignificant (P>0.05). The model group had the shortest step-down latency, followed by the EA-7 d group, the EA-21 d group and the control group in order (P<0.05). The WB results indicated that the expression level of NLRP3 was significantly lower in the control group and the EA-21 d group than in the model group and the EA-7 d group (P<0.05). The expression levels of ASC and Caspase-1 were significantly higher in the model group than in the other three groups (P<0.05), and there was no significant difference among these three groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: NLRP3 inflammasome may be involved in the development of cognitive decline in aging rats; 7 consecutive days of EA intervention can partially improve the cognitive impairment in aging rats though the effect is rather limited; 21 consecutive days of EA intervention may improve the learning and memory abilities in aging rats via downregulating the expression levels of NLRP3 inflammasome-associated proteins in hippocampus.

Air ; analysis ; Chromatography, Gas ; methods ; Ethylene Oxide ; analysis ; Furans ; analysis ; Methylene Chloride ; analysis ; Workplace

Background To investigate the expression of the early growth response gene-1 ( Egr-1 ) mRNA after focal cerebral ischemia / reperfusion in rats.Methods Ten healthy male SD rats weighing 200 ～ 250 g were used to create model of focal cerebral ischemia. The expression of Egr-1 after focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in rats was determined using in situ hybridization and RT-PCR.Results (1) The result of the in situ hybridization: A trace amount of Egr-1 mRNA expressed in the neurons and the glial cells in the sham operated group. The expression of Egr-1 mRNA at the ischemic side increased dramatically following ischemia and reached peaks after 4 hours' reperfusion. Egr-1 expression started to subside following 22 hours' reperfusion and further decreased following 166 hours' reperfusion, which was still significantly higher than that in the sham operated group. (2) The result of RT-PCR: The expression of Egr-1 mRNA at the ischemic side was significantly higher than that in the sham operated group at all time points after ischemia/reperfusion in the rats(P ＜0. 01). Expression of Egr-1 increased 2 h after ischemia and reached the peak 4 h following reperfusion, and then decreased dramatically at 46 h after reperfusion which was still higher than that in the sham operated group (P ＜ 0. 01). As the ischemia/reperfusion period prolonged, the expression of Egr-1 mRNA increased gradually, but still detectable even 166 h following reperfusion. The expression of Egr-1 was significantly higher than that in the sham operated group at all time points (P ＜0. 01).Conclusions The expression of Egr-1 mRNA increase in the neurons and the glial cells after ischemia/reperfusion, which may have protective effects on ischemic brain tissues.

OBJECTIVEThe study aimed to test if Paridis Rhizoma total saponins (PRTS) could induce apoptosis of human gastric cancer cell MKN-45.

METHODBased on the previous researches, PRTS was set by different concentrations to treat human gastric cancer cell for 12 h (5, 10, 20 mg x L(-1)). Fluorescent staining methods were adopted to observe apoptotic morphological changes of MKN-45. The apoptosis rates were analyzed by flow cytometry with Annexin V-FITC/PI staining. The enzymatic activities of caspase-3 and caspase-8 were measured by ELISA. The protein levels of Fas and FasL were detected by Western blotting.

RESULTUnder a fluorescence microscope, MKN-45 treated by PRTS was seen typical apoptotic morphological features. PRTS significantly increased the rate of apoptosis. Compared with the control group, there exsited significant differences in apoptosis rate of PRTS concentration of 20 mg x L(-1) (P < 0.01); besides, the enzymatic activities of caspase-3 and caspase-8 were promoted obviously after the effect of PRTS on MKN-45 cells for 12 h (P < 0.01). The protein levels of Fas and FasL in the MKN-45 were upgraded significantly.

CONCLUSIONPRTS can induce apoptosis of human gastric cancer cell MKN-45 , which is concerned with caspase-3 and caspase-8 and upgraded Fas and FasL.

Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Caspase 3 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Caspase 8 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Fas Ligand Protein ; metabolism ; Humans ; Magnoliopsida ; chemistry ; Rhizome ; chemistry ; Saponins ; pharmacology ; Signal Transduction ; drug effects ; Stomach Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; fas Receptor ; metabolism

Animals ; Barbiturates ; Coloring Agents ; Fallopian Tubes ; cytology ; embryology ; physiology ; Female ; Isoxazoles ; Male ; Membrane Potentials ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains

Adult ; Breast Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; secondary ; Carcinoid Tumor ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Lobular ; metabolism ; pathology ; secondary ; Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Chromogranin A ; metabolism ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Keratins ; metabolism ; Neoplasms, Multiple Primary ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Sex Cord-Gonadal Stromal Tumors ; metabolism ; pathology ; Synaptophysin ; metabolism ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery

Objective To explore clinical significance of immunoglobulin G(IgG) subclass and the relationship with urine enzyme series and four microalbumen in Henoch - Schonlein purpura nephritis(HSPN). Methods IgG subclass, urine enzyme series, microal-bumen were detected between 28 cases with HSPN and 20 controls. Results The levels of IgG1, IgG2 in HSPN significantly decreased compared with the normal controls. In addition, the levels of IgG, were negative related to microalbumin(MA) and alkaline phosphalase (ALP) in HSPN, P

Aim To investigate the age-related changes of TrkB mRNA in hippocampal formation of aged rats,and the effects of ginsenosides(GS),and provide reliable experimental evidence for anti-aging.Methods 24 Wistar female rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: Young,aged and GS group(fed with GS from 17 to 27 months).In situ hybridization(ISH) method was applied into qualifying and quantitating the TrkB mRNA expression in hippocampal formation.Results TrkB mRNA expression in aged CA3,CA1 and dentate gyrus decreased by 24.2%,13.4% and 50.6%(P