Objective To evaluate the efficiency and the timing of continuous blood purification(CBP) in patients with multiple or-gan dysfunction syndrome(MODS) and acute renal failure(ARF) following cardiac surgery. Methods From November,2003 to July,2007,thirty-one patients with MODS and ARF following cardiac surgery were treated with CBP. They were divided into two groups, alive group ( group A) and dead group ( group B). Clinical data of the two groups were reviewed. Before CBP, duration of extracorporeal circulation, du-ated. Mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), oxygenic index (PaO2/FiO2), white blood cell count (WBC), platelet count (PLT) and renal function (blood urea nitrogen, BUN, ercatinine, Cr) were observed before and after CBP. Results The number of im-paired organs of patients in group B was significantly more than that in group A before CBP ( P＜0.05). MODS scores ( 12.9±3.2 vs 6.9 ±2.3, P＜0.05) and APACHE Ⅱ scores (26.3±10.4 vs 17.2±5.1, P＜0.05)of group B were significantly higher than those of group A before CBP. After treatment of CBP for 24 hours, APACHE Ⅱ scores and MODS scores only significantly decreased in group A (P＜0.05 ). After treatment of CBP, Cr and BUN significantly reduced, while MAP and PaO2/FiO2 increased, in all patients, but HR was signif-icantly lower than that before CBP in group A (P＜0.05). The duration of ARF (34.67±32.79 hours vs 13.05±14.09 hours,P＜cantly higher than those of group A. Conclusion MODS scores and APACHE II scores can be used to evaluate the severity of patients with MODS and ARF after cardiac surgery. CBP is an effective treatment for these patients. It is suggested that early CBP therapy is important for reducing the chances of the multiple organ dysfunction syndrome and mortality of these patients.

OBJECTIVE:To study the influence of calcineurin gene polymorphism on the efficacy of cyclosporine A (CsA). METHODS:The blood samples of patients treated with CsA were collected. The trough blood concentration of CsA was detected by EMIT. The genotype of PPP3CA and PPP3CB was assayed by RFLP-PCR method. The expression of NFAT-regulated gene IL-2, IFN-γand GM-CSF were measured by RT-qPCR,which were used to define the index of indirect efficacy of CsA. The relationship of gene polymorphism with CsA efficacy was study by relationship analysis and multiple factor regression method,etc. RESULTS:A to-tal of 100 blood samples were collected. There was no significant correlation between the expression of CsA efficacy-related NFAT-reg-ulated gene GM-CSF and trough concentration of CsA(rGM-CSF=-0.04,P=0.238);the expression of IL-2 and IFN-γ were negatively correlated with trough concentration of CsA significantly(rIL-2=-0.384 3,P<0.001;rIFN-γ=-0.335 4,P<0.001). Using the average value of mRNA expression of IL-2 and IFN-γas indirect efficacy index,the polymorphism of PPP3CB rs3763679 site significantly in-fluenced the efficacy of CsA(P<0.05),but PPP3CA rs3804358 had no any effect on it(P>0.05). Stratified analysis showed that among patients with immune disease underwent renal transplantation,efficacy of patients with PPP3CB rs3763679 genovariation(TC+TT) were better than those with wild-type gene (CC)(P<0.05). After the efficacy was normalized by CsA trough concentration, multivariate analysis showed that normalized efficacy of CsA was negatively correlated with gender,PPP3CB rs3763679,lactate dehy-drogenase and creatinine significantly,but positively correlated with PPP3CA rs3804358,leucocyte count,usea nitrogen,glycerin trilaurate,etc. CONCLUSIONS:PPP3CB rs3763679 gene polymorphism influence the efficacy of CsA;among patients with immune disease underwent renal transplantation,efficacy of patients with PPP3CB rs3763679 TT+TC is better than that of CC type. At the same time,gender,PPP3CA rs3804358,leucocyte count,usea nitrogen,glycerin trilaurate and other factors all can influence the nor-malized efficacy of CsA to different extent. Multiple factors should be considered when using CsA.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of gentamicin solution in transurethral ureteroscopic lithotripsy to prevent postop- erative infection.Methods Prospective clinical randomized control study was conducted.From July 2003 to June 2006,116 ca- ses of ureteral stones at high risk of postoperative infection were randomized into control group or gentamicin group.Patients in gentamicin group received gentamicin solution for washing in the operation.All the patients undergoing operation were followed up for 2 weeks after operation.Diagnosis of postoperative infection was based on clinical manifestations.Results A total of 109 patients received operation in all the 116 cases,including 58 cases in gentamicin group and 51 cases in control group.Thirteen cases of postoperative infection were identified in all the patients receiving operation (11.93%),3 cases in gentamicin group and 10 in control group.The incidence of postoperative infection was significantly different between the two groups (X~2= 5.3342,P=0.0209).Eight cases had positive bacterial culture.Of the microbiological isolates,2 were gram-positive bacteria, 5 gram-negative bacteria and 1 Candida albicans.Conclusions The most common pathogen causing postoperative infection after transurethral ureteroscopic lithotripsy is gram-negative bacteria.The use of gentamicin solution for washing in the operation can reduce the incidence of postoperative infection.

Objective To investigate the technique and effect of tunneled cuffed catheter as long-term hemodialysis access and the prevention of its related complications.Methods Permcath cuffed dual lumen catheter wag implanted in patients by the standard Seldinger technique,that a guidewire wss inserted into deep central vein, following by the insertion of the cuffed catheter through a peel-away sheath.The catheter related complications were observed.Urea reduce rate(URR),the Kt/V,the normalized protein catabolic rate(nPCR)and the time-averaged BUN concentration(TACurea)were measured as the index of the effect of hemodislysis.The effects were compared to those of arteriovenous fistula(AVF)within the same period(in 20 cases).Results In the total of 25 patients, 23 catheters were implanted in the internal jugular vein (21 cases at right,two at left side),one in the subclavian vein and one in the external jugular vein.Except for that one case died of cerebral infarction,all patients were using the catheter in well condition.Catheter related thrombosis or underfed occurred in 4 cases for 9 times, which became fluent after thrombolytic therapy or the adjustment of catheters.Catheter related infections occurred in 2 cases,and were successfully treated with anti-inflammation therapy.The average URR was 71.03%,Kt/V was 1.29,TAC urea was 12.74 mmol/L,and nPCR was 0.93 g/(kg·d)in all 25 patients,which was not significant different compared to patients with AVF((URR 72.46%,Kt/V 1.31,TACurea 12.86 mmol/L,nPCR 0.94 g/(kg·d)).Conclusions Cuffed dual lumen catheter for long-term aecegs in persistent hemodialysis has good effect on hemodialysis. Good catheter implanting technique and prevention of complications may improve the application of the catheter.

Chemical constituents from the acetone extract of twigs of Manglietia hookeri were isolated and purified by various column chromatographic methods over silica gel and sephadex LH-20, and preparative TLC. The structures of these compounds were identified on the basis of physicochemical properties and spectral analysis, including NMR and MS spectra. Six eudesmane sesquiterpenes were obtained and their structures were identified as trans-eudesmane-4, 11-diol(1), β-eudesmol(2), (-) -10-epi-5β-hydroxy-β-eudesmol (3), epi-carrisone (4), 6-hydroxy-eudesm-4(14) -ene(5) and gynurenol(6). All the compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time. Furthermore, the 13C-NMR data of compound 3 were reported for the first time.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Magnolia ; chemistry ; Molecular Structure ; Plant Stems ; chemistry ; Sesquiterpenes, Eudesmane ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravesical instillation with gemcitabine after first-line intravesical chemotherapy failure, including mitomycin (MMC), epirubicin (EPB) and camptothecin (CPT), in the treatment of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC).

METHODSFrom June 2007 to October 2008, 72 patients with NMIBC, who had tumor recurrence within one year of first-line intravesical chemotherapy, were assigned to 3 groups (24 cases each). Group A received intravesical gemcitabine in a dose of 1000 mg, Group B received 2000 mg gemcitabine, and Group C received original intravesical chemotherapy. The time of reccurrence and adverse effects were recorded.

RESULTSThe 2-year tumor free survival rates of the 3 groups were 66.7%, 75.0% and 45.8%, respectively. The 2-year TFS rate of the patients who received gemcitabine was 70.8%, significantly higher than 45.8% of the patients treated by original chemotherapy. There was one case with renal function impairement in the groups A and B, respectively. There was no significant difference between the rates of low urinary tract symptoms in the 3 groups. No severe hematological side effects were observed in this study.

CONCLUSIONThe intravescal chemotherapy with gemcitabine in patients with recurrent bladder tumor after first-line intravesical chemotherapy is effective and well tolerated, however, renal function should be routinely assessed.

Administration, Intravesical ; Adult ; Aged ; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic ; therapeutic use ; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; therapeutic use ; Camptothecin ; therapeutic use ; Deoxycytidine ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use ; Disease-Free Survival ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Epirubicin ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mitomycin ; therapeutic use ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo study the expression of Foxp3 and NFAT1 protein in peripheral blood (PB) in children with aplastic anemia (AA) and their roles in the pathogenesis of AA.

METHODSThe expression levels of Foxp3 and NFAT1 protein of mononuclear cells in PB were measured by Western blot in 68 children with AA before and after treatment and in 60 normal children (control group). The correlation between Foxp3 and NFAT1 protein expression and the correlation of the Foxp3 and NFAT1 protein expression with blood Hb, WBC and platelet levels were analyzed.

RESULTSThe expression levels of Foxp3 and NFAT1 protein in PB in the acute phase in the AA group were significantly lower than in the control group (P<0.05). After treatment (recovery phase) the expression levels of Foxp3 and NFAT1 protein increased obviously compared with those in the acute phase (P<0.05). The Foxp3 protein level was positively correlated with the NFAT1 protein level (r=0.812, P<0.05). Both the Foxp3 and NFAT1 protein levels were positively correlated with blood Hb, WBC and platelet levels in children with AA in the recovery phase (r=0.537, 0.579, 0.655 respectively; P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe Foxp3 and NFAT1 protein levels in PB are reduced in children with AA, suggesting that they are involved in the pathogenesis of AA. The measurement of Foxp3 and NFAT1 protein levels may be useful in the severity evaluation of AA.

Adolescent ; Anemia, Aplastic ; blood ; etiology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Forkhead Transcription Factors ; blood ; Humans ; Male ; NFATC Transcription Factors ; blood

OBJECTIVETo investigate the value of carotid arteriography and selective embolization in surgical treatment of carotid body tumor.

METHODSSeven patients with carotid body tumor were operated, and four patients were performed with carotid arteriography and selective embolization before operation. All patients were treated by stripping the carotid body tumor from the carotid artery. Treatment effectiveness of the patients with and without selective embolization were compared.

RESULTSSeven cases were classified as Shamblin III type. The CT scan and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) showed the tumor lesion in the carotid bifurcation, and the tumor and its relation with the surrounding arteries were expressed by CT and three dimensional CT images. All cases of carotid body tumor were resected without any carotid artery ligation. No serious complications occurred after operation. There was average 160 mL blood loss in operation of four patients that had angiograms and were preoperatively embolized, and average 2.5 h were expended. There was average 600 mL blood loss in operation of three patients without preoperatively embolized, and average 4 h were expended. Preoperatively high-selected embolization of the tumor-feeding artery could effectively reduce the intraoperative bleeding. With 1.5-3 years follow-up, none of the carotid body tumor recurred in all the seven cases.

CONCLUSIONCarotid arteriography and embolization therapy may decrease blood loss and higher risk for operation in the patients with carotid body tumor.

Angiography, Digital Subtraction ; Carotid Body Tumor ; therapy ; Embolization, Therapeutic ; Humans ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Adult ; Hematoma, Epidural, Spinal ; etiology ; Humans ; Male ; Spinal Fractures ; complications ; surgery ; Thoracic Vertebrae ; injuries ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo study the formulation and technique of preparation of rapid-dissoluted EGb (Extract of Ginkgo biloba) droppills.

METHODTaking the dissolution percentage of total flavonoids in EGb and weight variation as index, the formulation and technique of EGb droppills were optimized by the orthogonal experiment.

RESULTT50 was 3.62 min and mean weight variation was 2.80%.

CONCLUSIONRapid-dissoluted EGb droppills can increase the dissoluting rate distinctly and reach the purpose of preparation.

Drug Stability ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Flavonoids ; analysis ; Ginkgo biloba ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Solubility ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; methods