Hypertension, which has variant of pathogenesis, is one of the most widely spread chronic diseases with serious complications. Antihypertensive drugs can reduce blood pressure and alleviate or reverse cardiovascular remodeling by affecting one or more processes of blood pressure adjusting system. This review focus on targets of antihypertensive drugs associated with Renin angiotensin system, Adrenergic system, Bradykinin Prostacyclin system, Endothelia factor relative system, iron channels and the progresses in the studies of gene therapy for hypertension.

Atherosclerosis is a pathegenesis process involved in the inflammatory and proliferative responses of cells in which endothelial cells have an important function in the regulation of a variety of genes. A variety of molecules have been identified in the atherosclerotic environment that are able to activate NF ?B. Possible functional implications for activated NF ?B in atherogenesis are discussed by protecting endothelial cells selectively, perhaps, it may provide a new method for the therapy of the atherosclerosis.

Adult ; Humans ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; injuries ; Male ; Spinal Fractures ; surgery ; Surgical Wound Infection ; therapy

Objective To explore effects of heat stress response on neutrophil apoptosis and respiratory burst function. MethodsNeutrophils from each of 18 healthy volunteers were divided into 3 parts,and one part was served as control group,and the other two parts were induced by heat shock or cadmium chloride for heat stress response and named as heat shock group and cadmium chloride group.The neutrophils were incubated in culture medium.At 0,2,3,4,and 6 h following heat stress induction,the heat shock protein(HSP70) expression and the respiratory burst were detected in the neutrophils respectively by using PCR technique and flow cytometer.Level of apoptosis was observed by immuno-fluorescence and flow cytometer DNA ploid at 24 h after heat stress induction. Results In the heat shock and cadmium chloride groups,HSP70 expression at each time point and cell apoptosis at 24 h were significantly higher than those of control group(P

Adult ; Humans ; Joint Dislocations ; surgery ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; injuries ; surgery ; Male ; Spinal Fractures ; surgery

Objective To explore the clinical significance of CT-angiography (CTA) in predicting hematoma enlargement in patients with acute hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage (HICH). Methods A prospective cohort study was performed on 50 patients with HICH. HICH and spot sign were diagnosed definitely by computerized tomography (CT) and CTA within 3 ~ 6 hours of symptom onset. Patients were dichotomized according to the presence or absence of the spot sign. CT scan was repeated immediately when patients′symptoms worsened or at 24 hours after onset of symptoms in order to find out the enlargement of hematomas. The relationship between hematoma expansion and spot sign of CTA was investigated. Results (1) Thirteen (26.0%) patients demonstrated the presence of spot sign of CTA, and 37 (74.0%) patients were without spot sign. Baseline clinical variables were similar in both groups. (2) Hematoma expansion occurred in 14 (28.0%) patients on follow-up. Eleven (84.6%) patients with and 3 (8.1%) patients without the spot sign of CTA were demonstrated hematoma expansion. The significance difference was found between the two groups (X2=24.27,P<0.05). Conclusions In acute HICH patients, CTA provided more radiological information and the CTA spot sign was associated with the presence of hematoma expansion. The spot sign will be recommended as an entry criterion for future trials of haemostatic therapy in patients with acute HICH.

Objective To investigate the incidence of nosocomial infection ( NI) in the hospital, analyze the related factors, and provide a scientific basis for reducing the incidence of NI.Methods A total of 37 744 inpatients from Jul 2008 to Jun 2009 were retrospectively analyzed, of which 862 inpatients suffering from NI.Results The rate of NI was 2.55% , the highest infected rate was in ICU(41.43% ).The susceptible ages were 60 above and 1 below, the infection rates were 4.11% and 3.36%.The infection rate of patients hospitalized for more than 20 d was 10.66%.Conclusions The rate of NI was 2.55% , the highest infected rate was in ICU(41.43% ).The susceptible ages were 60 above and 1 below, the infection rates were 4.11% and 3.36%.The infection rate of patients hospitalized for more than 20d was 10.66%.

Nanosilver antibiotic devices for gynecological external use are the third-class products of medical devices, whose biological safety and efficiency should be strictly controlled. But there is not yet the national standard or industry standard for the products to control the production process, so their testing method of biological evaluation mainly refers to GB/T16886 "The Guide to Implementation of Biological Evaluation of Medical Devices". To control the biological safety effectively, it's necessary to work out the testing items and methods of the biological evaluation for such products.
Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; toxicity ; BALB 3T3 Cells ; Equipment and Supplies ; adverse effects ; Female ; Male ; Mice ; Nanostructures ; Rabbits ; Silver ; toxicity ; Toxicity Tests ; methods

The present study is to establish Caco-2/HT29-MTX co-cultured cells and investigate the transport capability of PLGA nanoparticles with different surface chemical properties across Caco-2/HT29-MTX co-cultured cells. PLGA-NPs, mPEG-PLGA-NPs and chitosan coated PLGA-NPs were prepared by nanoprecipitation method using poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) as carrier material with surface modified by methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) and chitosan. The particle size and zeta potential of nanoparticles were measured by dynamic light scattering. Coumarin 6 was used as a fluorescent marker in the transport of nanoparticles investigated by confocal laser scanning microscopy. The transport of furanodiene (FDE) loaded nanoparticles was quantitively determined by high performance liquid chromatography. Colchicine and nocodazole were used in the transport study to explore the involved endocytosis mechanisms of nanoparticles. Distribution of the tight junction proteins ZO-1 was also analyzed by immunofluorescence staining. The results showed that the nanoparticles dispersed uniformly. The zeta potential of PLGA-NPs was negative, the mPEG-PLGA-NPs was close to neutral and the CS-PLGA-NPs was positive. The entrapment efficiency of FDE in all nanoparticles was higher than 75%. The transport capability of mPEG-PLGA-NPs across Caco-2/HT29-MTX co-cultured cells was higher than that of PLGA-NPs and CS-PLGA-NPs. Colchicine and nocodazole could significantly decrease the transport amount of nanoparticles. mPEG-PLGA-NPs could obviously reduce the distribution of ZO-1 protein than PLGA-NPs and CS-PLGA-NPs. The transport mechanism of PLGA-NPs and mPEG-PLGA-NPs were indicated to be a combination of endocytosis and paracellular way, while CS-PLGA-NPs mainly relied on the endocytosis way. PEG coating could shield the surface charge and enhance the hydrophilicity of PLGA nanoparticles, which leads mPEG-PLGA-NPs to possess higher anti-adhesion activity. As a result, mPEG-PLGA-NPs could penetrate the mucus layer rapidly and transport across Caco-2/HT29-MTX co-cultured cells.
Biological Transport ; Caco-2 Cells ; Chitosan ; chemistry ; Coated Materials, Biocompatible ; chemistry ; Coculture Techniques ; Drug Carriers ; Furans ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; metabolism ; HT29 Cells ; Heterocyclic Compounds, 2-Ring ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Humans ; Lactic Acid ; chemistry ; Nanoparticles ; Particle Size ; Polyethylene Glycols ; chemistry ; Polyglycolic Acid ; chemistry ; Zonula Occludens-1 Protein ; metabolism

Along with the wide application of cadaveric donor kidney transplantation (CDKT), most transplantation centers face the shortage of cadaveric donors. Living donor kidney transplantation (LDKT) has been successfully applied with remarkable advantages over CDKT. Human leukocyte antigen matching generally is not an important problem in non-related LDKT. Even with 6-locus mismatch, the effectiveness of LDKT is still superior to non-mismatch CDKT. Although LDKT donor has extremely low mortality and incidence of complications, the safety of LDKT donor is becoming a research highlight. In addition, many social problems are involved in LDKT, which should be deliberately considered during clinical practice.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Graft Survival ; immunology ; Humans ; Kidney Transplantation ; adverse effects ; ethics ; methods ; psychology ; Living Donors ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult