ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of filtering surgery on glaucoma.Methods50 glaucoma cases (60 eyes) were underwent trabeculectomy, including paracentesis in advance, suturing of sclera flap and conjunctiva flap, using mitomycin (MMC) and forming anterior chamber as soon as finished operation. All cases were followed up 1 year.ResultsPostoperative IOP was lower than 21 mmHg in 54 eyes, 6 eyes were <30 mmHg when treated with drugs. After operation, there were only 2 eyes had lower vision, the others had higher vision. Two eyes had conjunctiva filtering, two eyes had choroidal separation, but they recovered after non surgical therapy.ConclusionFiltering surgery can decrease common complications, increase vision of early stage, and make IOP recovered to normal.

The present experiment was designed to observe the genetic variation of equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) envelop gp 90 gene in infected horse. One horse was infected experimentally with P337-V70 strain and showed no clinical signs after being infected at twice with the same virus strain. Seventeen proviral sequences covering principal neutralizing domain (PND) of EIAV gp 90 gene were obtained from the buffy coat and liver of the horse through PCR amplification and cloning. Comparative analysis of the sequences revealed that some sequences contained the nucleotide insertions in the PND region. The insertions might be generated by direct repeat and strand displacement of sequence segment in their PND gene, showing different lenghts.

OBJECTIVETo measure the stability of Evans procedure and Chrisman-Snook technique in the treatment of II degree lateral collateral ligament of ankle joint, and provide basis for treatment and prognosis.

METHODSFrom July 2008 to June 2009,18 frozen corpes were collected, including 10 males and 8 females, with an average age of fresh 39.3 +/- 11.2 years. The frozen corpes were randomly divided into three group, including normal controls(group A), Evans procedure (group B) and Chrisman-Snook technique ( group C), 6 specimens in each group. Anterior talofibular ligament and calcaneofibular ligament were cut off to cause II degree lateral collateral ligament in group B and C. Evans procedure or Chrisman-Snook technique were applied to restore lateral collateral ligament, and measure biomechnics. The displacement of tibiotalar joint and subtalar joint were observed.

RESULTS(1) The lateral stress results of tibiotalar joint showed the displacement by Evans procedure (group B) was greater than other groups (P < 0.0001). There were no significant differences between group A and C (P > 0.05). (2) The lateral stress results of subtalar joint showed the displacement by Evans procedure (group B) was greater than other groups (P< 0.0001). There were no significant differences between group A and C (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONAnkle instability is caused by ankle joint lateral collateral ligament injury. Chrisman-Snook technique is better than Evans procedure in stability on the early stage of ankle joint restoration, and conform to principle of biomechanics.

Adult ; Ankle Joint ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Female ; Humans ; Lateral Ligament, Ankle ; diagnostic imaging ; injuries ; surgery ; Male ; Mechanical Phenomena ; Prognosis ; Radiography ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods

Objective To analyze the relationship between influenza epidemic and genetic characteristic on the whole genome of influenza virus subtype A/H3N2 strains isolated in Zhejiang province during 1998 to 2009. Methods All of the eight genes from the 19 Zhejiang influenza virus isolates, circulated during 1998 to 2009, were amplified by RT-PCR and sequenced. The obtained sequences were aligned and analyzed with the vaccine strains being used in the last 10 years.Results The highest mutation happened within HA and NA genes and the amino acid divergent ratios were 13.98% and 10.00%. Amongst the six internal proteins, the amino acid divergent ratios of NP, M2 and NS1 were 6.43%, 6.19% and 3.48% respectively, and the others were lower than 3%.Other than the HA and NA genes, mutations were also observed on six internal genes of the strains isolated in those years when the influenza virus subtype A/H3N2 was widely circulating.Additionally, there had been an obvious genetic lag between vaccine strains recommended by WHO and the contemporary Zhejiang epidemic strains for many years. Conclusion Besides on HA and NA genes, surveillance programs should also be covered mutations regarding the internal genes of influenza virus subtype A/H3N2 strains, in order to provide important information for forecasting and warning of a new round of influenza epidemic.

To evaluate the immunogenicity of inactivated SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV), three groups of rabbits were immunized three times at 2-week intervals with inactivated vaccine + adjuvant, adjuvant,and normal saline respectively. Eight batchs of serum were sampled from the auricular vein at day 7 to day 51, and specific IgG antibody titers and neutralizing antibody titers were detected by indirect ELISA and micro-cytopathic effect neutralizing test. Antibody specificity was identified by proteinchip assay.Histopathological changes were detected by H&E staining. The results showed that, rabbits in the experimental group immunized with inactivated SARS-CoV all generated specific IgG antibodies with neutralizing activity, which suggested the inactivated SARS-CoV could preserve its antigenicity well and elicit an effective humoral immune responses. The peak titer value of specific IgG antibody and neutralizing antibody reached 1:40960 and 1:2560 respectively. In the experimental group, no obvious histopathological changes was detected in the H&E stained slides of heart, spleen, kidney and testis samples, but the livers had slight histopathological changes, and the lungs presented remarkable histopathological changes. These findings are of importance for SARS-CoV inactivated vaccine development.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Ankle Injuries ; surgery ; Child ; Female ; Foot Injuries ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Soft Tissue Injuries ; surgery ; Sural Nerve ; Surgical Flaps ; Young Adult

BACKGROUNDSimultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation (SPKT) frees the diabetic patient with end-stage nephropathy from dialysis and daily insulin injections. Herein, we review consecutive cases of SPKT with bladder drainage performed at our institution over an 8-year period.

METHODSThe study population included 21 patients (16 males and 5 females) who underwent SPKT between September 2001 and September 2009. Seven patients had type-1 diabetes and 14 had type-2 diabetes. Nineteen patients were on dialysis at the time of transplantation. Donation after cardiac death donors were selected for SPKT. The mean human leukocyte antigen match was 2 (range 0 - 4). SPKT was always performed using bladder drainage and vascular anastomoses to the systemic circulation. Immunosuppressive treatment consisted of anti-lymphocyte globulin induction followed by tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, and prednisone.

RESULTSThe mean hospital stay was 45.43 days. After a mean follow-up of 39.4 months, survival rates for patient, kidney, and pancreas were 76.2%, 76.2%, and 66.7% at 1 year; 76.2%, 59.3%, and 55.6% at 5 years; and 57.1%, 39.5%, and 41.7% at 8 years, respectively. Major complications included anastomotic leaks, reflux pancreatitis, and rejection. Six patients died from septic shock (n = 3), duodenal stump leak (1), cardiac arrest (1), or renal failure (1). Eight kidney grafts were lost due to acute rejection (n = 2), chronic rejection (3), and death with a functioning graft (3). Pancreatic graft failure (9) was caused by thrombosis (n = 1), rejection (2), duodenal stump leak (1), and death with a functioning graft (5).

CONCLUSIONSSPKT is a valid therapeutic option for uremic diabetics although few hospitals in China can undertake SPKT.

Adult ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 ; surgery ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; surgery ; Female ; Graft Rejection ; Humans ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; therapeutic use ; Kidney Transplantation ; adverse effects ; mortality ; statistics & numerical data ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pancreas Transplantation ; adverse effects ; mortality ; statistics & numerical data ; Postoperative Complications ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Urinary Catheterization

AIMTo establish a simple, rapid and accurate electroanalytical method for water soluble porphyrin meso-tetrakis-(4-sulfonatophenyl) porphyrin (TPPS4); to clarify the reaction between water soluble porphyrins and bovine serum albumin (BSA); and to determine the interaction of TPPS4 with BSA in the absence of presence of cyclodextrins (CDs), separately.

METHODSThree methods including LSV, UV spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy had been employed to the relevant experiments. The way of employing three methods at the same time could make the experiment results more reliable.

RESULTSIn the supporting electrolyte of NaH2 PO4-Na2 HPO4 (pH 7.18), a sensitive reduction peak of TPPS4 was found by linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), the peak potential (Ep) was -0.70 V (vs SCE). The relationship between the second derivative peak of LSV (ip") and the concentration of TPPS4 was linear from 1.0 x 10(-7) mol x L(-1) to 1.0 x 10(-5) mol x L(-1), the square of correlation coefficients (r2) were 0.998 3 and 0.999 3, respectively. The relative standard deviation (RSD) was 0.56% (n = 5). The mean recovery of TPPS4 was 99.59%. In NH4Cl-NH3 x H2O buffers (pH 9.05), it was proved that BSA and TPPS4 could interact with each other and form 1 : 1 TPPS4-BSA supramolecular system. Moreover, the interaction between TPPS4 and BSA had been investigated by adding cyclodextrins (CDs). The interaction of TPPS4 with BSA was facilitated both by hydroxypropyl-beta-CD (HP-beta-CD) and sulforbutylether-beta-CD (SBE-beta-CD).

CONCLUSIONAn electroanalytical method for TPPS4 has been established by LSV. The porphyrin drugs included by CDs could react with protein existing inside the human body easier. The consequences of this article also show that CDs will play important role in controlling and releasing the porphyrin drugs.

2-Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin ; Electrochemistry ; methods ; Electrodes ; Porphyrins ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Serum Albumin ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Spectrometry, Fluorescence ; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet ; beta-Cyclodextrins ; chemistry ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo examine modulations caused by cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors on altered microenvironments and overbalanced neurotransmitters in pilocarpine-induced epileptic status rats and to investigate possible mechanisms.

METHODSCelecoxib (a COX-2 inhibitor) was administered 45 min prior to pilocarpine administration. The effects of COX-2 inhibitors on mIPSCs (miniature GABAergic inhibitory postsynaptic currents) of CA3 pyramidal cells in the hippocampus were recorded. Expressions of COX-2, c-Fos, newly generated neurons, and activated microgliosis were analyzed by immunohistochemistry, and expressions of alpha-subunit of gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA(A)) receptors and mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (MAPK/ERK) activity were detected by Western blotting.

RESULTSPretreatment with celecoxib showed protection against pilocarpine-induced seizures. Celecoxib prevented microglia activation in the hilus and inhibited the abnormal neurogenesis and astrogliosis in the hippocampus by inhibiting MAPK/ERK activity and c-Fos transcription. Celecoxib also up-regulated the expression of GABA(A) receptors. NS-398 (N-2-cyclohexyloxy-4-nitrophenyl-methanesulfonamide), another COX-2 inhibitor, enhanced the frequency and decay time of mIPSCs.

CONCLUSIONThe COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib decreased neuronal excitability and prevented epileptogenesis in pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus rats. Celecoxib regulates synaptic reorganization by inhibiting astrogliosis and ectopic neurogenesis by attenuating MAPK/ERK signal activity, mediated by a GABAergic mechanism.

Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Celecoxib ; Cyclooxygenase 2 ; metabolism ; Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Fibrocystic Breast Disease ; metabolism ; Hippocampus ; drug effects ; enzymology ; pathology ; Immunohistochemistry ; MAP Kinase Signaling System ; drug effects ; Male ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases ; metabolism ; Nitrobenzenes ; pharmacology ; Pilocarpine ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos ; metabolism ; Pyrazoles ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, GABA-A ; biosynthesis ; Status Epilepticus ; chemically induced ; enzymology ; pathology ; Sulfonamides ; pharmacology ; Synapses ; drug effects ; pathology

BACKGROUNDFrom limited exposure with management of the native distal ureter ipsilateral to the transplanted kidney, we usually choose open nephroureterectomy (NU) or laparoscopic NU combined with an open approach in renal transplant (RTx) recipients. We herein describe our preliminary experience with total endoscopic NU with bladder cuff (BC) excision and evaluate its feasibility for RTx recipients.

METHODSFrom August 2008 to June 2011, eight RTx recipients underwent total endoscopic NU with BC excision for clinically presumed native upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UUT-UC) ipsilateral to the transplanted kidney. Cystoscopic circumferential excision of the ipsilateral ureteral orifice with BC was followed by retroperitoneal laparoscopic NU using early ureteral ligation without primary BC closure. The intact specimen was removed through a 3-cm flank incision (an enlarged trocar site). Perioperative and pathological data and oncological outcomes were collected and analyzed.

RESULTSAll endoscopic procedures were completed successfully without major complications and with open conversion. The mean estimated blood loss was 100 ml with no blood transfusion. The mean operating room time was 234.8 minutes, mean time to ambulation was 2.6 days, and mean hospital stay was 9.0 days. Pathological findings confirmed UUT-UC in seven recipients, two with bladder UC. During the mean 25.2-month follow-up, none of the recipients developed recurrence, while two developed contralateral UUT-UC after the first NU.

CONCLUSIONTotal endoscopic NU with BC excision is technically feasible and safe for RTx recipients.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Endoscopy ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Transplantation ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nephrectomy ; methods ; Retrospective Studies ; Ureter ; surgery ; Urinary Bladder ; surgery ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; surgery