Prominent problems of clinical teaching in Tibet University school of medicine were analyzed and countermeasures were proposed from aspects of management system construction, facul-ty construction, curriculum construction, base construction and quality evaluation system construction. The aim was to increase students' opportunity, enhance students' learning interest and improve stu-dents' ability of analysis and problem solving so as to improve the practical effects of clinical teaching. All countermeasures taken above laid the foundation for future clinical work and provided help for clinical medical personnel in Tibetan border areas.

Objective To explore the effects of surface modification of PLGA-[ASP-PEG] scaffold with typeⅠcollagen on the adhesion,proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of rabbit bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs).Methods After PLGA-[ASP-PEG] materials were modified with typeⅠcollagen chemically,the collagen was coated onto the materials physically.The BMSCs obtained from rabbits were cultured on the modified PLGA-[ ASP-PEG] and on the unmodified PLGA-[ ASP-PEG] as control.The adhesion and proliferation behavior of the cells was analyzed and the expressions of osteogenie marker alkaline phosphatase,osteocalcin,osteopontin,typeⅠcollagen and core binding factor al were also detected.Results X-ray photoelectron spectrometry(XPS) confirmed that TypeⅠcollagen was grafted onto the surface of PLGA-[ASP-PEG] successfully and the collagen content on the materials modified chemically and physically was significantly increased.The abilities of adhesion and proliferation and the expressions of osteogenie makers of the BMSCs were significantly greater than those in the control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Since Type collagen I can improve the biocompatibility of PLGA- [ASP-PEG] scaffold materials,it can be used as a new way to optimize scaffolds in tissue engineering.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of the treatment of hilar biliary malignant obstruc tion with multiple stent drainage.Methods One hundred and twenty-seven patients with malignant biliary hilar obstruction were enrolled.The obstructions at the common hepatic duct within less than 1 cm to the junction of the left and the right hepatic duct were found in 66 cases,at the proximal common hepatic duct and the left and the right hepatic ducts in 45 cases,at the right hepatic duct in 5 cases and at the both left and right hepatic duets in 11 cases.Sixty-six patients received stent placement through the right biliary ducts and the common bile duct by puncturing the right mid-axillary line.The other 37 patients received 2 stents placement (disposed"Y"style) through the left and the right hepatic duct punc turing routway.Seven patients received 2 stents placement (disposed"┌"style) through the right hepatic duct and the common bile duct with a stent placed between the left and the right hepatic duct.Three patients had right hepatic duct stent placed first,followed by right hepatic duct and common hepatic duct stent. Twelve patients had stents placed in the right hepatic duct with external drainage from the left hepatic duct. Two patients had multiple strictures at the right hepatic duct,who got multiple external drainages.The total serum bilirubin levels were measured pre-and post-operatively.Results One hundred and twenty-seven patients with bi[iary obstraction had internal stents placed for drainage.The average total bilirubin levels among 121 patients were (283.4?175.4 )?mol/L pre-operation and (63.2?11.8)?mol/L post-operation (P

Arteriovenous Fistula ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Recurrence ; Spinal Cord ; blood supply ; Thoracic Vertebrae

Adult ; Elbow Joint ; injuries ; Female ; Humans ; Musculoskeletal Manipulations ; Shoulder Dislocation ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Shoulder Fractures ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

OBJECTIVETo classify and repair "Butterfly Ear" deformity which presents characters of dysplasia of inferior auricle of ear and congenital bat ear.

METHODThe repairment procedures include: type I: auricular cartilage flap inversion folding technique. type II: local ear skin flap. type III: soft tissue expander autogenous, rib cartilage framework.

RESULTSThe method was used in 19 cases from October 2001 to March 2005. Postoperative follow-up showed satisfactory results in all cases.

CONCLUSIONAccording to "Butterfly Ear" deformity classification, different technique could be applied.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Congenital Abnormalities ; classification ; surgery ; Ear, External ; abnormalities ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Surgical Flaps ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the differentiation of bone marrow stem cells in transplanted livers and its impact on the long-term survival of rats with orthotopic liver transplantation.

METHODSTwenty-four female recipient rats with orthotopic liver transplantation were randomized into blank-control group, D-hanks solution group, bone marrow stem cells group with postoperative infusion of stem cells, and the pathological changes of the liver grafts and survival time of the rats were observed. The differentiation of the bone marrow stem cells were assessed 60 days after transplantation using in situ hybridization histochemistry for Sry gene and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) immunohistochemistry.

RESULTSIn rats with postoperative infusion of bone marrow stem cells through the portal vein, the median long-term graft survival time exceeded 180 days, significantly longer than that in the other two groups (P<0.05), and no obvious evidence of acute rejection was observed with positive Sry expression and AFP expression.

CONCLUSIONInfusion of bone marrow stem cells through the portal vein following liver transplantation may alleviate acute graft rejection and promote long-term liver graft survival and AFP expression.

Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Female ; Graft Rejection ; prevention & control ; Graft Survival ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells ; cytology ; Liver ; pathology ; Liver Transplantation ; Portal Vein ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

Web technologies, such as search engines and social media, have provided an opportunity for the management of user generated data in real time. Through the analysis of these web-based data, people can understand the health issues of concern, which can be used for the prediction of the epidemic of infectious diseases and the monitoring of chronic non-communicable diseases. The emergence of Infodemiology, also known as Information Epidemiology, aims to study the occurrence, distribution and influencing factors of health information from electronic medium, so as to raise awareness of disease and health problems among people, and provide the basis for the formulation of disease prevention and control strategies. This review summarizes the research progress in Infodemiology.

Adult ; Arteriovenous Fistula ; therapy ; Balloon Occlusion ; adverse effects ; Carotid-Cavernous Sinus Fistula ; therapy ; Cavernous Sinus ; abnormalities ; Dura Mater ; blood supply ; Humans ; Male ; Meningeal Arteries ; abnormalities

OBJECTIVETo classify the blood vessel distribution of the expanded skin in the mastoid region and its relevance to reasonable and reliable design of the expanded flap for auricular reconstruction in congenital microtia.

METHODSThe blood vessel distribution of the expanded skin in the mastoid region was observed by light permeation test. The expanded flaps with different ratio of length to width were designed according to their blood vessel distribution types.

RESULTSThe vascular distribution of the expanded skin in 403 cases was divided into five types. All the flaps survived completely.

CONCLUSIONSThe blood vessel distribution type of the expanded skin in mastoid region has great significance for the design of post-auricular expanded flap in auricular reconstruction.

Congenital Abnormalities ; surgery ; Dermatologic Surgical Procedures ; Ear ; abnormalities ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mastoid ; surgery ; Skin ; blood supply ; Skin Transplantation ; Surgical Flaps ; blood supply ; Tissue Expansion Devices