Humans ; Infant ; Spasms, Infantile ; therapy

Objective To explore the different influence of antiepileptic drugs(AEDs)at therapeutic levels to the maturation of brain.Methods 180 healthy Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were divided into infant and adult group.Each age group was administered with PB,CNP,VPA,TPM or normal saline respectively in persistent 5 weeks.The steady-state plasma concentrations of AEDs at the experimental dosage were coincided with the range of clinical therapeutic concentrations.After AEDs withdrawed,the effects of AEDs on cognitive function were assessed by Morris water maze and two-way shuttle box at different time points.Body and brain weight were got immediately when the rats were sacrificed.Histological changes of brain were observed by HE staining,Nissl staining and transmission electron microscopy.Results(1) For immature rats,1 day or 14 days after AEDs withdrawed,there were significant differences between groups exposed to PB or CNP and control group in escape response latency(ERL)in the two-way shuttle box.Even after one month ERLs of immature rats receiving CNP((6.05?2.04)s)or PB((5.81? 1.75)s)were still longer than that of untreated controls((4.75?2.43)s,P

BackgroundMouse has been used in laboratory studies as the model of ocular diseases.Electroretinogram (ERG)is a non-invasive method for primary examination to evaluate retinal function.Though flash ERG has been widely applied in the mouse ocular disease model for the functional assessment of the retinal outer layer,pattern ERG(PERG) is seldom used for inner retinal evaluation.ObjeetiveThe present experimental study was to investigate the recording parameters and method,wave characteristics of PERG and influencing factors in mouse,and to build the foundation for further research.Methods Thirty C57BL/6 mice aged 6 weeks old were included in this research.RETLport ( Roland Consult,Germany) was adopted for the recording of PERG.The positive needle electrode was placed in the cornea,and the reference and earth electrodes were placed under the derma in the cheek and tail.The PERG under different temporal frequencies (0.5,1.0,2.0 and 4.0 Hz),and special frequencies (0.05,0.10,0.20 cpd) were recorded in a photopic environment,and different contrast ratio (95％ and 99％ ) of stimulator or different transmission bands ( 1-100 Hz,5-30 Hz) in the same temporal frequency and spatial frequency were regulated to analyze the influence on mouse PERG.The use of animals was in compliance to the Regulations for the Administration of Affairs Concerning Experimental Animals by the State Science and Technology Commission.ResultsThe latency of N1 PERG showed a negative N1wave at around 37 ms and positive P wave at about 86 ms in adult mice.The amplitude of N1-P was 2-6 μV.Different spatial frequency,temporal frequency and contrast can affect the final results,and the different temporal frequencies were statistically significant.The wave was stable and the amplitude was unaffected at 5-30 Hz transmission bands with pronounced interference (mean amplitude of N1-P waves were(3.40±0.71),(5.08±0.88),(3.21±1.54),(3.85±1.96)μV in 0.5,1.0,2.0,4.0 Hz,F=7.43,P=0.00).ConclusionsPERG wave from adult mouse is similar to that from human.It is a useful method in evaluating the inner retinal function.Appropriate stimulating parameters are critical for recording.

Objective To observe the effect of Yishen Paizhuo Decoction(Decoction for reinforcing the kidney and discharging the turbid)on chronic renal failure(CRF)patients.Methods The 82 CRF patients were randomized into observation group(42 cases) and control group(40 cases).In addition to the routine treatment,the observation group was administered modified Yishen Paizbuo Decoction,and the control group was given coated aldehyde oxystarch.The course of treatment was 6 months for both groups. Changes of clinical symptoms,renal functions,blood fat,and hemoglobin were observed,and the linear regression evaluation and renal survival evaluation were employed to evaluate the development of CRF.Results The improvement of observation group in renal func- tions and blood fat was remarkable with the increased renal survival rate,compared with the control group,the difference was signifi- cant(P

Background Central corneal thickness (CCT) is one of important parameters of the anterior eye segment.It plays a very important part in corneal refractive surgery and diagnosis of glaucoma.Contacted A-scan remains the gold standard for CCT measurement.Ophthalmologists are trying to look for a more convenient and noncontacted instrument to take place of contacted A-scan for CCT measurement.Objective This system analysis was to evaluate the difference between Pentacam and A-scan in CCT measurement.Methods A systematic literature retrieval was conducted from the MEDLINE,EMbase,Google Scholar,CBM disc and CNKI database with the limitation of publishing time from January 2005 to May 2011.The literature text was limited to the comparison of the CCT values measured by Pentacam and A-scan.The statistical analysis was performed using RevMan 5.1.0 software.Sensitive analysis was carried out and the publishing bias was analyzed using inverted funnel plot.Results A total of 26 studies met the requirement were included in this Meta-analysis with the 12 pieces of Chinese article and 14 pieces of English article,with the total eyes 3677.Heterogeneity was found anmong included studies (P =0.0003,I2 =56％) and random effects model was used.The differential value of CCT derived by Pentacam and A-scan was 1.74 μm,and no significant difference was found between Pentacam and A-scan (WMD =1.74,95％ CI:-0.69-4.16,P＞0.05).Fixed effects model was used to exclude the studies with the sample more than 100 eyes as the sensitive analysis.When fixed effect model was used,CCT by Pentacam was 2.73 μm more than A-scan,showing an insignificantly clinical difference.When studies with a sample more than 100 eyes were excluded,the CCT value by Pentacam was 2.64 μm more than A-scan,without clinically significant difference between them.No obvious publishing bias was seen in the included literature.Conclusions The difference between Pentacam and A-scan in CCT measurement is less and could be ignored.

Humans ; Rib Fractures ; Thoracic Injuries

OBJECTIVETo observe the protective effect on renal function of Chinese drugs combined with benazepril in patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN).

METHODSAdopting stratified randomized and controlled design, 108 patients with DN were assigned to two groups. Besides the same measures of diet regulation, exercise, education, hypoglycemic and symptomatic treatment applied, benazepril was administered to all patients, and Chinese drugs were given to patients in the treated group additionally. The treatment course was 3 months. The changes before and after treatment of symptoms and signs, 24-h urinary protein (24 hUpro), serum creatinine (SCr), serum creatinine clearance rate (CCr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), plasma glucose (PG) and blood pressure (BP) were observed, and the time of dialysis therapy initiating was recorded.

RESULTSSCr and 24 hUpro decreased and CCr increased in the treated group significantly (P < 0.01), and the improvement were superior to that in the control group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), the renal living time in the treated group was longer than that in the control group, but no significant different in BUN, PG and BP was found between the two groups (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe treatment program of Chinese drugs combined with benazepril could obviously reduce the levels of SCr and 24 hUpro, increase CCr in patients with DN, and its effect in improving renal function is better than that of using benazepril alone.

Aged ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ; therapeutic use ; Benzazepines ; therapeutic use ; Diabetic Nephropathies ; drug therapy ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy ; Treatment Outcome

AIM: To observe the effects of high hydrostatic pressure on asymmetric NG, NG-dimethyl-L-arginine (ADMA) metabolism of human vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs), and the role of renin-angiotensin system (RAS). METHODS: Cultured HUVECs of 3-6th passage were exposed to atmosphere (0 mmHg, APC), 120 mmHg (MPC), 180 mmHg (HPC). There were three groups in each pressure condition, one as control, the other two were interfered with captopril (Cap, 10 ?mol/L or 100 ?mol/L) or irbesartan (Irb, 10 ?mol/L or 100 ?mol/L) respectively. Cell proliferation was quantified by determining hexosaminidase activity at 12 h. Concentration of ADMA in conditioned medium was measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) at 12 h. RESULTS: Compared with APC group, ADMA concentration increased prominently in MPC and HPC (4.69?0.37 and 4.48?0.39 vs 0.75?0.05,P

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical effect of penile augmentation with superficial fascia retrocession.

METHODSThe first annular incision line was designed, reserving the inner plate 0.5 -0.8 cm. The second annular incision line was determined, according to the length of penile erection. The skin tissue between the double loops was stripped, reserving the superficial fascia and the superficial dorsal veins. Before the closure of two annual incision with no tension, the superficial fascia tissue was pushed proximally and fixed sectionally to augment penis.

RESULTSFrom Jun 2009 to Jun 2011, 60 patients with redundant prepuce or phimosis were treated with this method. During 3 to 12 months follow-up, the postoperative penile perimeter increased significantly. The glans were exposed and the prepuce looked smooth. The function of the penis maintained undamaged.

CONCLUSIONSThe penile augmentation with superficial fascia retrocession can make full use of autologous tissue to augment penis, meanwhile, redundant prepuce can be resected. It is very practical for clinical application.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Circumcision, Male ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Penis ; surgery ; Subcutaneous Tissue ; surgery ; Transplantation, Autologous ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo explore the possibility of brain damage induced by several anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) at therapeutic level to immature brain of rat.

METHODSTotally 160 healthy Spraque-Dawley (SD) rats selected for the study were divided into infant and adult groups. Each age group was treated with phenobarbital (PB), clonazepam (CZP), valproic acid (VPA), topiramate (TPM) or normal saline respectively for 2 or 5 weeks with 8 rats in each group. The steady-state plasma concentrations of AEDs at the experimental dosage were coincided with the range of clinical therapeutic concentrations. Drug levels in plasma were determined by fluorescence polarization. Body and brain weights were measured when the rats were sacrificed. Histological studies on the tissues of frontal lobes and hippocampus were performed by Nissl staining. And ultrastructural changes of brain were observed by the transmission electron microscopy. Plasma neuron-specific enolase (NSE) was determined by ELISA. Expression of apoptosis-related proteins Bcl-2 and Bax in neurons was detected by immunohistochemistry. Neuronal apoptosis was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase biotin-dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL).

RESULTS(1) There were no significant differences in brain weight among all adults groups. While remarkable reduction of brain weight was observed in immature rats exposed to CZP or PB (P < 0.01) for long term. (2) Significant neurodegeneration, neuronal necrosis and decrease in the number of neurons can be observed in the immature rats exposed to CZP or PB for long period. (3) For immature rats, concentration of plasma NSE was increased even after short-term treatment with PB [(8.84 +/- 2.10) nmol/L] compared with control group [(6.27 +/- 1.27) nmol/L] (P < 0.01). And it was increased in immature rats exposed to CZP [(8.15 +/- 1.67) nmol/L] or PB [(8.07 +/- 1.27) nmol/L] for long term compared with controls [(6.02 +/- 1.20) nmol/L] (P < 0.01). But there were no significant differences between AEDs-treated adult rats and control rats. (4) The expression of Bcl-2 and Bax protein in mature brain did not change at therapeutic level. In contrast, expression of Bax protein in the frontal lobe was increased significantly in immature rats receiving CZP and PB for long period compared with control. (5) The number of TUNEL positive cells in immature rats exposed to CZP or PB for long term was obviously increased.

CONCLUSIONSPB and CZP may result in remarkable histological abnormalities, neuronal apoptosis and necrosis in immature brain. The brain damage induced by PB was more serious and persistent than that induced by CZP.

Age Factors ; Animals ; Anticonvulsants ; adverse effects ; Apoptosis ; Brain ; pathology ; ultrastructure ; Brain Diseases ; chemically induced ; pathology ; Clonazepam ; adverse effects ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; Neurons ; pathology ; Phenobarbital ; adverse effects ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Valproic Acid ; adverse effects ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; metabolism