The antitussive activity assay for the root extraction of Disporum cantoniense was carried out with coughing mice induced by ammonia liquor. The results showed that the ethanol and water extractions of D. cantoniense possess strong antitussive activity, and the high dose of the former was better than positive control, and then the constituents of the ethanol extraction were separated and purified by various modern chromatographic techniques. Their structures were identified by physico-chemical properties and spectroscopic data. As a result, eight compounds were isolated and identified as stigmast-4-en-3-one(1), (22E, 24R)-ergosta-5, 7, 22-trien-3beta-ol(2), obtucarbamate A(3), obtucarbamate B(4), neotigogenin(5), azo-2, 2'-bis[Z-(2,3-dihydroxy-4-methyl-5-methoxy) phenyl ethylene] (6),dimethyl {[carbonylbis (azanediyl)] bis( 2-methyl-5, 1-phenylene) j dicarbamate (7) , and quercetin-3-O-pB-D-glucopyranoside(8). All compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time, and the result of bioactivity-directed isolation showed that compounds 3, 4, and 6 had obvious effect on antitussive activity, and compound 6 had the same level as positive control.
Animals ; Antitussive Agents ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Ethanol ; chemistry ; Female ; Liliaceae ; chemistry ; Male ; Mice

Accidents, Occupational ; statistics & numerical data ; Adult ; Extraction and Processing Industry ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Petroleum

Objective To evaluate the dose distribution in clinical target volume (CTV) and organs-at-risk (OARs) in three dimension therapy plans in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of tongue receiving postoperative intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) or conventional radiotherapy (CRT) by dosimetric study. Methods Thirty-five patients with squamous cell carcinoma of tongue were divided into CRT group(n=17) and IMRT group(n=18). All patients underwent head-and-neck immobilization with a thermoplastic mask and planning CT scan, and target volume and OARs were contoured. Dose calculation and plan optimization were performed. All three dimension plans passed quality assurance before treatment. The dosimetry of therapy plans with IMRT or CRT in target volume and OARs dose distribution was compared by dose-volume histogram (DVH), conformity index (CI) and homogeneous index (HI). Results There were significant differences in D95 (isodose line to cover 95 percent target volume), CI, HI, minimum dose and maximum dose in CTV of therapy plans between patients with IMRT and CRT(P < 0.01), and there was no significant difference in mean dose of CTV(P > 0.05). The radiation dose on salivary glands (both parotid glands and contralateral submandibular gland) in patients with IMRT was significantly lower than that in patients with CRT(P < 0.01). Conclusion Compared with dose distribution of CRT plans, there are more advantages in improving dose distribution at the target volume and sparing salivary glands in IMRT therapy plans in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of tongue.

This paper is aimed to study the effects of nitrogen form on the growth and quality of Chrysanthemums morifolium at the same nitrogen level. In order to provide references for nutrition regulation of Ch. morifolium in field production, pot experiments were carried out in the greenhouse at experimental station of Nanjing Agricultural University. Five proportions of ammonium and nitrate nitrogen were set up and a randomized block design was applied four times repeatedly. The results showed that the growth and quality of Ch. morifolium were significantly influenced by the nitrogen form. The content of chlorophyll and photosynthesis rate were the highest at the NH4(+) -N /NO3(-) -N ratio of 25:75; The activities of NR in different parts of Ch. -morifolium reached the highest at the NH4(+) - N/NO3(-) -N ratio of 0: 100. The contents of nitrate nitrogen in the root and leaves reached the highest at the NH4(+) -N/NO3(-) -N ratio of 50:50. The activities of GS, GOGAT and the content of amylum increased with the ratio of NO3(-) -N decreasing and reached it's maximum at the NH4 + -N/NO3 - -N ratio of 100: 0. The content of ammonium nitrogen were the highest at the NH4 + -N /NO3 --N ratio of 75: 25, while the content of soluble sugar reached the highest at the NH4(+)-N/NO3(-) -N ratio of 25: 75. The content of flavones, chlorogenic acid and 3,5-O-dicoffeoylqunic acid were 57.2 mg x g(-1), 0.673% and 1.838% respectively, reaching the maximum at the NH4(+) -N /NO3(-) -N ratio of 25:75; The content of luteoloside increased with the ratio of NO3(-) -N increasing and reached it's maximum at the NH4(+) -N/NO3(-) -N ratio of 0: 100. The yield of Ch. morifolium reached it's maximum at the NH4(+) -N /NO3(-) -N ratio of 25:75. Nitrogen form has some remarkable influence on the nitrogen metabolism, photosynthesis and growth, Nitrogen form conducive to the growth and quality of Ch. morifolium at the NH4(+) -N /NO3(-) -N ratio of 25: 75.
Ammonium Compounds ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; Chlorophyll ; metabolism ; Chrysanthemum ; drug effects ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Flowers ; drug effects ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Glutamate Synthase ; metabolism ; Glutamate Synthase (NADH) ; metabolism ; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase ; Nitrates ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; Nitrogen ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; Photosynthesis ; drug effects ; Plant Leaves ; drug effects ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Plant Proteins ; metabolism ; Plant Roots ; drug effects ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Plant Stems ; drug effects ; growth & development ; metabolism

Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; Humans ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tuberculosis, Osteoarticular ; surgery ; Young Adult

Aortic Valve ; surgery ; Endocarditis ; surgery ; Humans

Objective To investigate the characteristics of the head injuries in Wanchuan earthquake and review the experience with on-filed emergency diagnosis and treatment of such injuries. Methods The clinical data were reviewed for 120 patients sustaining head injuries during Wenchuan earthquake in Beichuan and Anxian Counties, Sichuan Province. All the patients received on-filed emergency medical care within one day after the earthquake. The epidemiology, causes and types of trauma, complications and treatment of the injuries were analyzed. Results Of the 120 patients with head injuries, 70 had scalp injuries which were managed with emergency debridement and suture with favorable outcome. The other 50 patients were transferred to general hospitals for intensive medical care, among which 40 received craniotomy and 10 had conservative treatment;46 of these hospitalized patients showed good recovery 5-16 days after admission and were discharged, and death occurred in 4 cases. Conclusion Early and accurate evaluation of the condition of the trauma and effective on-filed emergency management is critical to improving the outcome of head injuries and minimizing the mortality rate related to the injuries in earthquake.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the myocardial electrophysiological effect and its underlying mechanisms of atorvastatin (Ator) on isolated rat hearts injured by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R).

METHODSIsolated SD rat hearts were mounted on Langendorff system, and a local I/R was induced by ligation (30 min) and release (15 min) of the left anterior descending artery. During the reperfusion period, the effect of Ator on diastolic excitation threshold (DET), effective refractory period (ERP) and ventricular fibrillation threshold (VFT) on rat heart were measured.

RESULTCompared with the control group, medium concentration of Ator prolonged the ERP in normal rat hearts; low, medium and high concentration of Ator significantly inhibited the decrease of DET, ERP and VFT induced by I/R. However, pretreatment with L-NAME cancelled these cardiac electrophysiological effects of Ator.

CONCLUSIONAtor reduced electrophysiological alteration induced by I/R in isolated rat hearts, which may be mediated by activating nitric oxide pathway to enhance the myocardial electrophysiological stability.

Animals ; Atorvastatin Calcium ; Electrophysiological Phenomena ; Heart ; drug effects ; physiopathology ; Heptanoic Acids ; pharmacology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Myocardium ; metabolism ; Nitric Oxide ; metabolism ; Pyrroles ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective To probe into the characteristics of traumatic effect of blast underpressure (BUP) on tympanic membrane and ossicular chain of guinea pigs exposed to blast underpressure. Methods The guinea pigs were exposed to experimental BUP generated by the underpressure generator and their tympanic membranes and auditory ossicules were observed with stereo-microscope.Results Most of the tympanic membranes in 72 guinea pigs (141 ears) presented with traumatic changes,such as engorgement,haemorrhage,epidermic desquamation and perforation,combined with fracture of ossicles in some guinea pigs.The traumatic severity of the tympanic membranes and auditory ossicules was related to the peak and the declinating duration of BUP.The minimum peak of the underpressure inducing perfo- ration was between-22.4kPa and-23.9kPa and the minimum peak inducing perforation of all the tym- panic membranes was between-83.1kPa and-87.2kPa.Conclusion The tympanic membrane in guinea pigs exposed to BUP changed traumatically,such as engorgement,haemorrhage,epidermic des- quamation,perforation and fracture of ossicles.The traumatic severity of the tympanic membranes and au- ditory ossicules is related to the peak and declinating duration of BUP.

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics and molecular diagnosis of 4H syndrome.Methods The clinical data of 1 patient with 4H syndrome diagnosed by gene was retrospectively analyzed , and the clinical characteristics were analyzed combined with the literature .Results This child patient was male , 6 years and 8 months old, with hands shake for 1 years, mental and movement development backwardness , walking instability, teething delay .Ophthalmic examination showed myopia and optic atrophy .Brain MRI suggested a wide range of cerebral white matter lesions on both sides of the cerebral hemisphere .Gene examination showed POLR3A compound heterozygous mutation (c.1781T>G,c.2693delT).He was diagnosed as 4H syndrome.Conclusions The early manifestations of 4H syndrome are mental and movement development backwardness and teething delay .The main clinical features of 4H syndrome are leukodystrophy, myopia and ataxia.The genetic characteristics are POLR3A or POLR3B mutation.