With increasing demands and recognition, emergency medicine has advanced rapidly in China in recent decades. The education and training of professionals in this field are important for the further development of emergency medicine. With an attempt to investigate the way to strengthen residency training system in emergency medicine, this article reviews its potential development direction, training modes, learning materials, and quality control.
China ; Emergency Medicine ; education ; organization & administration ; Internship and Residency ; methods ; standards ; trends

Humans ; Pleural Effusion ; etiology ; immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory ; physiology

[Objective] To evaluate the therapeutic effect of Oleum Curcumae Aromaticae (OCA) on leukemia cell strain HL-60 and K562 by observing its sensitivity in inhibiting HL-60 and K562. [Methods] Subculture of HL-60 and K562 cells was performed on the 96-hole culture plate and OCA 100?L at the final concentration of 400, 200, 100 and 50mg/L respectively was added. The blank control was added with RPMI-1640 culture fluid. After 24, 48 and 72 hours of treatment, MTF 10?L (5mg/mL) was added and the inhibitory rate on the cells was assayed by detecting the absorption value at 570nm wavelength. [Results] The inhibitory effect of OCA on HL-60 and K562 increased with the treatment time. The difference of inhibitory rates 24, 48 and 72 hours after treatment were significant (P

Microarray technology are being performed more widely than ever before on many areas in lifescience,although the technology is still evolving,the challenge of performing a microarray experiment is no longer in the data generation,but in extracting useful information and utilizing it to get the results with biological meanings.Some methods and tools used for expressional microarray data mining based on previous work were summarized.These methods include gene clustering,GO analysis,regulating pathway analysis,and related algorithm.We hope this can be helpful for those researchers who are implementing expressional microarray for biological analysis.

Objective To investigate the key procedures of the acute traumatic intracranial hematoma com-bined with herniation and the prognosis factors. Methods 45 cases of acute traumatic intraeranial hematoma com-bined with herniation from February 1997 to June 2008 were admitted in our hospital. Timely establishment of effec-tive ventilation and circulation and pre-operative examination were done to all the eases. Craniotomy hematoma clean was performed in 8 cases, hematoma clean and decompressive craniectomy was canducted in 33 cases and 4 cases were not operatively treated. Results 26 eases (58%) were cured,and 19 cases (42%) died. Conclusions The key procedures of the acute tranmatie intraeranial hematoma combined with herniation is timely establishment of ef-fective ventilation and circulation, and that is effective method to prevent secondary brain injury ; removing hematoma as soon as possible,and lifting the oppression of the brain stem are the keys to rescue patients. Prognosis is closely related to the degree of primary brain injury, eonseious level before operation and the time of herniation appearance.

Background Excimer laser corneal refractive surgery is widely used because it reduces the dependency of refractive error eye to glasses.However,the adverse effects of anti-inflammatory drugs is a problem after operation.Lotemax eyedrops is a kind of steroidal anti-inflammatory drug,with a good effect on the operative eye.But its influence on intraocular pressure(IOP) after long-term topical administration is less studied.Objective This study was to investigate the influence of lotemax eyedrops on IOP after long-term topical administration in myopic eyes received excimer laser corneal refractive surgery.Methods An one-month retrospective case serial study was adopted.The case history data of 1552 eyes from 1552 Patients who received excimer laser corneal refractive surgery were collected in Tangshan Eye Hospital from 2011 January to 2012 January,including 321 eyes with laser in situ keratomileusis(LASIK),608 eyes with sub-Bowman keratomileusis (SBK) and 623 eyes with femtosecond laser for flap excimer laser in situ keratomileusis(FS-LASIK).Lotemax eyedrops was topically administered after operation 4 times per day initial and then decreased 1 time weekly for 1 month.IOP was measured in before,1 week,2 weeks,3 weeks,4 weeks after operation with non-contact tonometer.The increasing range of IOP was divided into ＜5 mmHg,5-15 mmHg and ＞ 15 mmHg after operation.Optical head parameters were measured by Heidelberg retina tomography when IOP increasing after operation.Results Within 1 month,elevated IOP was found in 47 of 1552 eyes after administration of lotemax eyedrops,including 3.12％ (10/321) in the LASIK group,3.29％ (20/608) in the SBK group and 2.73％ (17/623) in the FS-LASIK group,without significant difference among them(x2 =1.95,P＞0.05).The IOP elevated 1 week after operation and remained normal after that till drug withdrawal in all eyes.There were no significant differences in the disk area (1.65 ±0.44) mm2 vs.(1.66 ±0.44) mm2,disk volume (0.40 ±0.09)mm3 vs.(0.39±0.08) mm3 and mean nerve fiber layer thickness (0.28 ± 0.08) mm vs.(0.29 ± 0.07) mm in IOP elevation duration compared with 1 month after IOP recovery(t =0.34,0.81,0.48,P＞0.05).Conclusions Topical administration of 0.5％ lotemax eyedrops after excimer laser corneal refractive surgery leads to reversible high IOP.It is very important to monitor the IOP during use of the drug.

Objective To study the molecular biology of rifampin-depending M. Tuberculosis. Methods The seguence (a 319-bp DNA fragment) of rpoB gene were analyzed by automated DNA sequencing machine. (2) The fingerprints of genomic DNA were obtained by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fingerprinting. (3)The protein electrophoresis of bacterium by SDS-polyacrylamide gel (SDS-PAG).(4) The cases of pulmonary tuberculosis by rifampin-depending strains were retrospectively analyzed. Results (1) rpoB gene sequenced: The point mutationrate of rifampin-depending strainswas 96.7%(29/30) and that of rifampin-residtant strains 81.1%(30/37), P

Objective To investigate the effects of the compound amino acids capsule on the immunological function of the naval servicemen during military activity. Methods The subjects included 100 officers and soldiers, whose Modified Fatigue Rating Scale (MFIS) scores were >21 points. The participants were randomly divided into two groups, namely, the amino acids capsule group and placebo group (n=50). Under the condition of military operations, either amino acids capsule (8 kinds of essential amino acids and 11 kinds of vitamins were contained) or placebo capsule was given for 14 days continuously. The humoral immune indices, i.e., IgG, IgA, IgM, and complements C3 and C4, were measured with immunoturbidimetry. The percentage of peripheral blood CD subsets was measured using flow cytometry on the first day and 14th day. Results The levels of IgG, IgM, and complement C3 in the capsule group were significantly higher on the 14th day than on the first day (P<0.05), and no significant difference of their levels was observed in the placebo group. The CD3+CD4+ T lymphocytes and CD3- CD19+ B lymphocytes in the capsule group on the 14th day were higher than those on the first day, whereas the CD3-CD56+NK lymphocytes decreased significantly (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the placebo group. Conclusion Compound amino acids capsule can improve the humoral and cellular immunological function of naval servicemen.

Altitude ; Animals ; Astrocytes ; cytology ; Brain ; cytology ; Hypoxia ; Male ; Microglia ; cytology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

Blood Coagulation ; Blood Viscosity ; China ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional