OBJECTIVES: To observe the changes of the formation time of venous thrombus in rats, and to provide new ideas and methods for the estimation on thrombus formation time of the forensic cases died from thrombosis. METHODS: Totally 80 rats were randomly divided into 10 groups （0 h, 3 h, 6 h, 12 h, 1 d, 3 d, 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks and 4 weeks after operation）. A vein thrombosis model was established by the "narrow" method. The processes of thrombosis, organization, recanalization and the features of change on hemosiderin and calcium salt were observed by HE stain, Perls stain and Von Kossa stain. The expression changes of CD61, α-SMA and CD34 were observed by immunohistochemical staining technique. RESULTS: Platelets adhered to the exposed blood vessel intima 3 h after operation, and platelet trabeculae were formed by the repeated accumulation of platelets 1 d after operation. The thrombus organization formed through the fibroblasts from vessel wall that grew into the interior of the thrombus 3 d after operation. Endothelial cells covered the surface of thrombus and then the new blood vessels were reformed, and the vessels were reconstructed. The expression of CD61 upregulated at the stages of the thrombus formation （3 h） and thrombus reformation （4 weeks）, and reached the peak 1 d after thrombus formation. The release of hemosiderin and the initial expression of α-SMA were detected 3 d later. Calcium deposit and expression of CD34 were observed 1 week later. CONCLUSIONS The hemosiderin, calcium salt, CD61, α-SMA and CD34 show time-dependent changing characteristics, which is expected to provide a reference for the estimation on thrombus formation time of the forensic cases died from thrombosis.
Animals ; Antigens, CD34/analysis* ; Hemosiderin/metabolism* ; Rats ; Venous Thrombosis/pathology*

To study the absorption kinetics of paeoniflorin lipid liquid crystalline nanoparticles (Pae-LLCN) in different intestinal segments of rats and compare them with paeoniflorin(Pae) solution. Rat everted gut sac models were adopted for intestinal absorption test, and Pae content was determined by HPLC method to study the absorption characteristics of Pae-LLCN in rat duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon, and investigate the effects of different drug concentrations on intestinal absorption. Results showed that Pae-LLCN and Pae were well absorbed at different intestine segments and different concentrations. The absorption constant Ka was increased with the increasing of the drug concentration, indicating possible passive absorption. The accumulative absorption volume Q and absorption constant Ka of Pae-LLCN were higher than those of Pae at each intestinal segment(P<0.05). The results revealed that Pae-LLCN and Pae could be well absorbed in whole intestinal segments and its mechanism may be passive absorption. LLCN can effectively improve the intestinal absorption of Pae.

Objective To investigate satisfactory degree on basic medical insurance system for the aged and to provide more data for improving insurance policies. Methods A face-to-face questionnaire survey was carried out with 367 elderly residents in Zhoupu communities in Shanghai using cluster random sampling method. The survey included social demographic characteristics, medical insurance, chronic disease, health cost, etc. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis, Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression analysis by SPSS software. Results Totally 357 effective questionnaires were collected, with the effective rate being 97.3%. The overall satisfaction rate of the retired employees was high according to our survey, but the satisfaction rates of urban non-employed residents and land-requisitioned peasants were relatively low (P<0.001). Single factor analysis and multiple factor analysis both revealed that income, number of chronic diseases and self-rating health had significant association with satisfaction rate of the participants (P<0.05). Conclusion The basic medical insurance for urban non-employed residents and landless peasants needs to be further improved.

ObjectiveTo investigate the influence of recombinant thioredoxin (TRX)on apoptosis of myocardium cell in viral myocarditis of mice.MethodsTwenty-four Balb/c mice,weighting 12 - 14 g,were randomly divided into 3 groups:the control group,the virus group and the protective group,8 mice in each group.The virus group and the protective group were injected with 0.1 ml 100TCID50 Coxackie virus B3 (CVB3)intraperitoneally,and the control group was injected equal volume of saline.Therewithal the protective group was injected with TRX(2 mg/kg) by tail vein,and the virus group was injected saline the same way.After 14 days all mice were killed and hearts were taken.Changes of myocardial histopathology was observed with optical microscope,cell apoptosis was checked by TUNEL technique,and the expression of apoptosis-related proteins (Bcl-2,caspase-3)in infiltrated cell of myocardium was determined by immunohistochemistry.Results(①)Lymphocyte infiltration and necrosis were observed in survivals of the virus group,sporadic coagulation necrosis and ballooning degeneration of cells were observed in the protective group,however no myocardial lesion was found in the control group.(②)TUNEL technique showed that the positive ratio of apoptosis in the virus group and the protective group[(90.23 ± 3.63)％,(20.02 ± 2.41)％] was significantly higher than that of the control group(0.00 ± 0.00,all P ＜ 0.05),the positive ratio of apoptosis in the protective group was significantly lower than that of the virus group (P ＜ 0.05 ).(③)Immunohistochemistry showed that the expression of protein Bcl-2(+,++,+++) in the virus group and the protective group was significantly higher than that of the control group (all P ＜ 0.05).The expression of protein Bcl-2 in the protective group was significantly higher than that of the virus group(P ＜ 0.05).The expression of caspase-3 (+,++) was significantly higher in the virus group and the protective group than the control group (all P ＜ 0.05).Compared with the virus group,the expression of caspase-3 in the protective group was significantly lower(P ＜ 0.05).ConclusionTRX could inhibit cardiomyocyte apoptosis in viral myocarditis mice and the inhibition is related to regulation of apoptosis-related protein expression.

Objective To evaluate the safety and feasibility of simultaneous bilateral carotid stenting for treating patients with bilateral atherosclerostic carotid stenosis.Methods The clinical data of 39 consecutive patients with bilateral atherosclerostic carotid stenosis undergoing simultaneous bilateral carotid artery stenting in Fuwai hospital from January 2005 to December 2009 were collected and analyzed retrospectively.The reduction of the angiographic diameter stenosis after stenting and clinical outcomes of 30 days after stenting including hyperperfusion syndrome,hemodynamic depression,stroke,myocardial infarction and death were assessed.Results The patients were 43 - 78 (65.9 ± 8.5 ) years old,and there were 25 (64.1％ )male.Carotid stenting procedure success rate was 100％.Distal embolic protection devices were used in all patients,and 20( 51.3％ ) out of 39 patients underwent coronary artery bypass surgery after carotid stenting.The angiographic diameter stenosis reduced from ( 87.0 ± 5.8 ) ％ to ( 10.2 ± 5.6 ) ％ after stenting (P＜0.01 ).Up to 30 days after carotid artery stenting,the incidence of hyperperfusion syndrome,hemodynamic depression,minor stroke,major stroke,myocardial infarction and death was 2.6％ (1/39),28.2％(11/39),5.1％ (2/29),0,2.6％ (1/39),2.6％ (1/39),respectively.Conclusion The data show that simultaneous bilateral carotid stenting is a technically feasible and safe alternative for patients with severe bilateral atherosclerostic carotid stenosis.

Objective To analyze the mental health status and its influencing factors in the elderly living in Xi'an communities, so as to bring forth countermeasures to improve their mental health. Methods Convenience sampling was used to select 310 residents aged 60 years or above from 2 communities in Xi'an, and the subjects were surveyed by a self-designed questionnaire. The survey included social demographic characteristics, social support, disability, chronicdisease costs, physical exercises, mental health problems and the coping methods. Univariate chi-square test and multivariable logistic regression were used to identify factors associated with mental health of the elderly. Results Questionnaires with uncompleted answersor suspected unreal answers were excluded. Totally 304 effective questionnaires were collected, with the effective rate being 98. 1%. The prevalence of mental disorderswas 27. 1 % in the present study. Chi-square tests showed that the chronicdisease costs, disability, social support and physical exercises were the influencing factors of the mental health status. Multivariable logistic regression analysis demonstrated that medical insurance, chronicdisease costs, social support and physical exercises were important factors influencing themental health of the elderly. Conclusion It is important to emphasize the spiritual support for the aging population and the fading family support in China. We should improve the social support for the elderly and build up mental supporting services so as to improve their mental health.

Objective: To use the pooled sampling method to reduce the error caused by the detecting precision, so as to improve the accuracy of population rate estimates. Methods: A formula was deduced on how to obtain the ideal rate under given sensitivity and specificity, and the mean relative errors of rate estimation with different pool sizes were simulated and calculated using software SAS 9.1. Results: When the actual rate was lower than the ideal rate, the errors caused by the detecting precision could be greatly reduced through adjusting the rate of mixed samples. Conclusion: When the population rate is low, the accuracy of rate estimation can be improved and the numbers of tests can be reduced by using pooled sampling method under given specificity and sensitivity.