OBJECTIVE: To research the toxicokinetics features of ivabradine hydrochloride and the accumulation situation of its products in Beagles, during one month oral administration with it.

OBJECTIVEBased on two sets of data from occupational epidemiology, Benchmark dose (BMD) was applied to estimate biological exposure limit (BEL).

METHODSCadmium exposed workers were selected from a cadmium smelting and a zinc products factory and control group was selected from doctors or nurses and staff from shops living in the same area; Urinary cadmium (UCd) was used as exposure biomarker and urinary beta(2) microglobulin (UBM), NAG (UNAG) and albumin (UALB) were as effect biomarkers. All urine parameters were adjusted by urinary creatinine. Software of BMDS (Version 1.3.2, EPA.U.S) was used to calculate BMD.

RESULTSCalculated abnormal prevalence was based on the upper limit of 95% of effect biomarkers in control group; There are significant dose response relationship between the prevalence of effect biomarkers (UBM, UNAG and UALB) and exposure biomarker (UCd); BEL was 5 microg/g creatinine for UBM as effect biomarker, It consists with the recommendation of WHO; BEL was 3 microg/g creatinine for UNAG as effect biomarker; BEL can be estimated by using the method of BMD; the more sensitive biomarker would used, the more occupational people would protected.

CONCLUSIONThe application of BMD in estimating biological exposure limit (BEL) is proper. UNAG is suggested as most sensitive biomarker to be used to estimate BEL for cadmium exposure.

Acetylglucosaminidase ; urine ; Albuminuria ; urine ; Biomarkers ; urine ; Cadmium ; adverse effects ; urine ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Occupational Exposure ; Reference Values ; beta 2-Microglobulin ; urine

Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture is the birthplace of Tibetan medicine of southern school, also rich in natural resources of Chinese and Tibetan medicine (CTM). As the pillar industry of Ganzi prefecture, CTM shows a trend of improvement of overall services, growing of the number of companies and increasing scale of industries. However, the CTM industry in Ganzi prefecture still has some shortcomings. This article reviewed the development and existential problems of CTM industry of Ganzi prefecture. In addition, the article carries on relevant thinking through literature review and discussion and analysis. It is believed that CTM industry of Ganzi prefecture faced with the conflict between environmental protection and the development of CTM industry, small scale of CTM industry, inadequate expertise and insufficient product innovation. This article gave some feasible suggestions, such as coordinated development of cultural tourism and medical industry, establishment of high efficient mode to promote producing-learning-research development, enhancement of quality standardization of CTM industry, with a purpose to guarantee the quality transmission of each step.

BACKGROUNDAutoimmune encephalitis associated with antibodies against γ-aminobutyric acid B receptor (GABA B R) in patients with limbic encephalitis (LE) was first described in 2010. We present a series of Han Chinese patients for further clinical refinement.

METHODSSerum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from patients referred to the program of encephalitis and paraneoplastic syndrome of Peking Union Medical College Hospital were tested with indirect immunofluorescence. Clinical information of patients with anti-GABA B R antibody positivity was retrospectively reviewed, and descriptive statistical analysis was performed.

RESULTSAll eighteen anti-GABA B R antibody-positive cases had limbic syndromes, and electroencephalogram (EEG) or neuroimaging evidence fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of LE. Four patients had additional antibodies against Hu in serum and one had anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antibody in both sera and CSF. Seventeen (17/18) patients presented with new-onset refractory seizure or status epileptics. Twelve (12/18) patients had memory deficits, 11 (11/18) patients had personality change, 7 (7/18) patients had disturbance of consciousness, and 3 (3/18) patients showed cerebellar dysfunction. One patient with LE had progressive motor and sensory polyneuropathy. Lung cancer was detected in 6 (6/18) patients. Ten (10/18) patients showed abnormality in bilateral or unilateral mediotemporal region on magnetic resonance imaging. Ten (10/18) patients had temporal lobe epileptic activity with or without general slowing on EEG. Seventeen patients received immunotherapy and 15 of them showed neurological improvement. Four patients with lung cancer died within 1-12 months due to neoplastic complications.

CONCLUSIONSOur study demonstrates that most Han Chinese patients with anti-GABA B R antibody-associated LE have prominent refractory epilepsy and show neurological improvement on immunotherapy. Patients with underlying lung tumor have a relatively poor prognosis. Testing for anti-GABA B R antibodies is necessary for patients with possible LE or new-onset epilepsy with unknown etiology.

Adult ; Autoantibodies ; immunology ; China ; Electroencephalography ; Epilepsy ; immunology ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Limbic Encephalitis ; immunology ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate ; immunology ; Retrospective Studies ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects and the related mechanisms of the components of Dang-Gui-Bu-Xue decoction (DGBXD) on improving blood deficiency.

METHODThe effects of promoting hematopoietic function were observed with the blood difficient model mice, by giving components of DGBXD. RBC, WBC, reticulocytes and bone marrow nucleated cells (BMNC) were determined. The components of DGBXD on proliferation of BMNC and on clony forming unit (CFU) were also determined.

RESULTThe components of DGBXD remarkably increased the quantity of RBC, WBC, and BMNC. Some of the components promoted the proliferation of BMNC and increased the quantity of CFU-Mix. Among them, polysaccharide of angelica was most potent.

CONCLUSIONThe studies show that the extracts and some components of DGBXD can promote the hemopoietic function system of the model mice, and they exert the effects in a comprehensive way.

Angelica sinensis ; chemistry ; Animals ; Astragalus membranaceus ; chemistry ; Blood Cell Count ; Bone Marrow Cells ; drug effects ; Colony-Forming Units Assay ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Female ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells ; drug effects ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Phytotherapy ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacology ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Polysaccharides ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo explore the rate of compliance, influencing factors and the safety of patients with onychomycosis under treatment of oral antifungal agents.

METHODSAccording to the scoring clinical index of onychomycosis (SCIO), 330 patients with onychomycosis, their target nail's integral of the SCIO were calculated and randomly divided into three groups under the baseline of the SCIO integral range. Patients were treated with intermittent pulse itraconazole (A group), continuous terbinafine (B group) and intermittent terbinafine (C group) respectively. Self-administered questionnaire was applied in the survey on every onychomycosis patient.

RESULTSThe average rate of compliance was 55.15%. The cure rate for those compliance with doctors' order was 89.01%, while it was only 30.41% for those noncompliant patients The overall non-compliant rate was 44.85%. Among the noncompliant ones, 29.73% were worried about the side effects of medicine, 22.30% thought that they had already been cured, 15.54% was due to economic reasons and 12.16% could not bear the side effects of medicine. It was found that the compliant rates were significantly correlated to ageing, position of the target nails, the integral of the SCIO and the therapy scheme (P < 0.05), while no significant correlations were seen between male and female, culture degree and course (P > 0.1). The frequency of adverse incident of A, B, C groups were 22.73%, 21.43%, 23.15% respectively, but without statistical significance (P > 0.1). Majority of the adverse incidents happened during the first month of therapy but were mild and reversible.

CONCLUSIONOur results showed that the overall compliance was low which exerted a significant influence on the curative effect of onychomycosis patients. Factors as ageing, position of the target nail, integral of the SCIO and the therapy scheme had an influence on the compliant rate. When treating onychomycosis with oral itraconazole, the results seemed to be just as safe as when using terbinafine.

Administration, Oral ; Age Factors ; Antifungal Agents ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; economics ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Humans ; Itraconazole ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; economics ; Male ; Naphthalenes ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; economics ; Onychomycosis ; drug therapy ; Patient Compliance ; statistics & numerical data ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect and mechanism of BSDW on the model of allergic rhinitis and the model of guinea pigs by histamine shocking in guinea pigs.

METHODUsing the model of allergic rhinitis in guinea pigs caused by 10% TDI, we observed the effect of BSDW on physiological and pathological symptoms of allergic rhinitis in guinea pigs, the effect of the levels of serum IgE and serum and nasal histamine. Using the model of guinea pigs by histamine shocking, we observed the effect of BSDW on physiological symptoms in guinea pigs.

RESULTBSDW significantly relieved the pathological symptoms of allergic rhinitis in guinea pigs, alleviated the hyperplasia of columnar epithelium, decreased the number of monocyte and eosinocyte compared with the model group. It also reduced the levels of serum IgE, and decreased the release of serum and nasal histamine. BSDW significantly prolonged the occurent time of gasping, eclampsia and death caused by shock, reduced the times of gasping in the model of guinea pigs by histamine shocking.

CONCLUSIONBSDW has significant effect against allergy. The mechanism relates to its effects of decreasing the levels of serum IgE and inhibiting the release of serum and nasal histamine.

Administration, Intranasal ; Animals ; Anti-Allergic Agents ; pharmacology ; Asarum ; chemistry ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Female ; Guinea Pigs ; Histamine ; blood ; Immunoglobulin E ; blood ; Lamiaceae ; chemistry ; Male ; Nasal Mucosa ; immunology ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ; immunology ; Scutellaria ; chemistry ; Toluene 2,4-Diisocyanate

OBJECTIVETo observe the therapeutic effect of CDglyTK gene mediated by radiation-inducible promoters in the treatment of buccal carcinoma in Golden Hamster.

METHODSAnimal models of buccal carcinoma in golden hamster were established by painting 0.5% dimethyl-benzanthracene. The plasmids pcDNA (+) 3.1/E-CDglyTK were transfected into tumors by lipofectamine. 24 h later, the tumors were exposed to 3 Gy irradiation. Animals were monitored at regular intervals for volume of tumors. CDglyTK mRNA was assayed by RT-PCR. Apoptosis and proliferating cell nuclear antigen were detected respectively by in situ end-labeling and immunohistochemical methods.

RESULTSCompared with control groups, the tumor was suppressed obviously by CDglyTK gene therapy combined with 3 Gy induction radiation. The expression of CDglyTK gene could be detected by RT-PCR in the transfected tumor, and up-regulation of CDglyTK expression was found in tumor exposed to radiation (P < 0.05). There was significant difference in apoptosis index or proliferation index between tumor without irradiation and tumor with irradiation (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe radiation-inducible promoter can be served as a molecular switch to regulate the expression of CDglyTK gene in buccal carcinoma in golden hamster, and low dose induction radiation can significantly improve the therapeutic effects.

Animals ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; diagnostic imaging ; therapy ; Cheek ; diagnostic imaging ; Cricetinae ; Cytosine Deaminase ; genetics ; Genes, Transgenic, Suicide ; genetics ; Genetic Therapy ; methods ; Mesocricetus ; Mouth Neoplasms ; radiotherapy ; therapy ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; radiation effects ; Radiography ; Simplexvirus ; enzymology ; Thymidine Kinase ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo investigate the relationship between serum concentration of fluorouracil and therapeutic efficacy as well as adverse reactions in patients with unresectable locally advanced or measurable metastatic colorectal cancer, and to analyze its role in further improving therapeutic efficacy and reducing adverse reactions of fluorouracil-based chemotherapy.

METHODSEighty-six patients were randomly assigned into three groups according to the average plasma concentration of fluorouracil after three cycles of chemotherapy with the initial regimen of two weeks FOLFOX-4 (oxaliplatin + leucovorin + fluorouracil) or FOLFIRI (irinotecan + leucovorin + fluorouracil): group 1 (plasma concentration of fluorouracil < 25 ng/ml), group 2 (25 - 35 ng/ml) and group 3 (> 35 ng/ml). The blood samples were taken at 12 h after continuous infusion of fluorouracil in each cycle and the plasma concentration of fluorouracil was detected by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) (about 5 am ± 1 h). The relationship between the drug plasma concentration, therapeutic efficacy and adverse reactions in different fluorouracil plasma concentration arms was analyzed retrospectively.

RESULTSThe average plasma concentrations of fluorouracil of the three groups were (23.48 ± 1.95) ng/ml, (31.47 ± 2.33) ng/ml and (39.89 ± 3.87) ng/ml, respectively (P < 0.01). As for therapeutic efficacy, the median OS of the groups 2 and 3 were 18.0 and 17.5 months, significantly higher than that in the group 1 (13.0 months, P < 0.01). The PFS were 4.5, 7.5 and 8.0 months, respectively (P < 0.01). In terms of adverse reactions, the incidences of bone marrow suppression, mucositis and diarrhea in the group 3 were significantly higher than that in the first two groups (P = 0.02, P = 0.04 and P = 0.02).

CONCLUSIONSThe patients with local advanced and metastatic colorectal cancer, receiving fluorouracil-based chemotherapy, and with an average plasma concentration of fluorouracil between 25 - 35 mg/L have a better prognosis, and lower incidence of adverse reactions such as bone marrow suppression, mucositis and diarrhea.

Adenocarcinoma ; blood ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous ; blood ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Adult ; Aged ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Bone Marrow Diseases ; chemically induced ; Colonic Neoplasms ; blood ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Diarrhea ; chemically induced ; Disease-Free Survival ; Female ; Fluorouracil ; adverse effects ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Leucovorin ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mucositis ; chemically induced ; Neoplasm Staging ; Organoplatinum Compounds ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Random Allocation ; Rectal Neoplasms ; blood ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Remission Induction ; Survival Rate

Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Surgical Flaps ; Thumb ; surgery ; Toes