Objective To investigate the clinical effect and safety of pidotimod combined with ganciclovir for injection in the treatment of children with infectious mononucleosis.Methods Ninety-four children with infectious mononucleosis were divided into control group and treatment group,each group 49 cases.Control group was treated with ganciclovir for injection 5 mg · kg-1 +5％ glucose injection 100 mL,q12 h,intravenous drip.On the basis of control group,treatment group was treated with pidotimod oral solution 400 mg,bid,orally.All children were treated for 2 weeks.The immune function,cytokines and myocardial enzymes were measured before and after treatment,the symptoms and signs of remission were observed and recorded,the clinical efficacy and adverse drug reactions were compared in two groups.Results After treatment,the clinical efficacy in treatment group and control group were 91.49％ (43 cases /47 cases),74.47％ (35 cases/47 cases),with significant difference (P ＜0.05).After treatment,the serum CD4 ± in treatment group and control group were (34.52 ± 7.24)％ and (29.83±6.65)％,CD8± were(26.27 ±6.36)％ and(31.82 ±6.73)％,CD4±/CD8± were 1.38 ±0.40 and 0.93 ± 0.35,immunoglobulin A (IgA) were (1.21 ± 0.25) and (0.99 ± 0.23) g · L-1,immunoglobulin G (IgG) were (10.03 ± 1.50) and (8.94 ± 1.42) g · L-1,serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were (1.14 ± 0.52) and (1.81 ± 0.63)ng · L-1,serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) were (11.20 ± 3.56) and (14.08 ± 3.75) ng · L-1,all with significant difference (all P ＜ 0.05).The adverse drug reactions were mild nausea,vomiting and other gastrointestinal reactions in treatment group,with the incidence of 10.64％ (5 cases/47 cases).The adverse drug reactions were mild nausea,vomiting and other gastrointestinal reactions and rash in control group,with the incidence of 8.51％ (4 cases/47 cases).There was no significant difference between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The clinical effect of pidotimod combined with antiviral drugs in the treatment of children with infectious mononucleosis is exact,it can improve the immune function and reduce the myocardial enzymes and inflammatory markers.

Acute Disease ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; analysis ; Child ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 ; analysis ; Histocytochemistry ; Humans ; Leukemia ; metabolism ; pathology ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen ; analysis ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; analysis

OBJECTIVETo investigate the pharmacokinetic and distribution character of scutellarin in plasma and tissues in rats, in order to provide some references for rational drug use in the clinic.

METHODThe solution of scutellarin was administered to rats (80 mg x kg(-1)) by oral gavage. A high performance liquid chromatography method determinated the scutellarin concentration in rat plasma and tissue. The plasma samples were performed by solid phase extraction method. The other biological samples were extracted by ethyl acetate.

RESULTThe range of scutellarin in plasma and tissue in rats were 10-1280 ng x mL(-1) (R2 > 0.99), 40-1280 ng x g(-1) (R2 > 0.99), respectively. The lowest detection of scutellarin were 10 ng x mL(-1) and 40 ng x g(-1), the precision were less than 8%. The main pharmacokinetic parameters of scutellarin were as follows: tmax, Cmax, AUC and MRT being (7.7 +/- 0.9) h, (288.0 +/- 75.2) microg x L(-1), (5.6 +/- 1.6) microg x mL(-1) x h(-1), (17.5 +/- 1.4) h(-1), respectively.

CONCLUSIONThese methods applied the study of pharmacokinetics of scutellarin. After oral the scutellarin in rats, the concentration-time course doesn't obey any compartment model. The concentration-time curve is the double peaks.

Animals ; Apigenin ; blood ; isolation & purification ; pharmacokinetics ; Area Under Curve ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Female ; Glucuronates ; blood ; isolation & purification ; pharmacokinetics ; Male ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tissue Distribution

OBJECTIVETo assess the clinical effect and safety of the Chinese medicine Longbishu Capsule combined with mesylate doxazosin in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) of the kidney deficiency and blood stagnation type.

METHODSThis was a randomized, double-blind, double-simulation control study. We equally assigned 60 men diagnosed with BPH of the kidney deficiency and blood stagnation type to an experimental and a control group, the former treated with mesylate doxazosin plus Longbishu Capsule and the latter with mesylate doxazosin plus placebo. We compared the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), quality of life (QOL), Chinese symptom score (CSS), maximal urinary flow rate (Qmax), and prostate volume between the two groups of patients before and after 6 months of medication.

RESULTSAfter treatment, there were 5 cured cases, 13 markedly effective cases, 9 effective cases, 1 ineffective case, and 2 eliminated cases in the experimental group, as compared with 2 cured cases, 8 markedly effective cases, 10 effective cases, 7 ineffective cases, and 3 eliminated cases in the control group. The total effectiveness rate was obviously higher in the former (96.4%) than in the latter (74.1%). IPSS, Qmax, and CSS were improved in both of the groups after medication, even more significantly in the experimental than in the control group (IPSS: 15.22 ± 2.98 vs 18.15 ± 5.88, P <0.05; Qmax: [13.56 ± 2.26] ml/s vs [11.78 ± 2.97] ml/s, P <0.05; CSS: 6.18 ± 2.13 vs 9.52 ± 3.15, P <0.05). Because of the difference in the QOL score between the two groups at the baseline (P = 0.038 <0.05), no more comparison was made in this aspect after treatment.

CONCLUSIONThe combination of Longbishu Capsule with mesylate doxazosin is safe and effective for the treatment of BPH.

Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists ; therapeutic use ; Capsules ; Double-Blind Method ; Doxazosin ; therapeutic use ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Male ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Quality of Life ; Treatment Outcome ; Urination

To investigate the role and mechanism of ceramide (Cer) regulation in alcohol-induced neuronal proliferation and the newborn neurons formation, we used sphingomyelin synthase 2 (predominant enzyme of Cer metabolism) knockout (SMS2(-/-)) and wild type (WT) female mice to establish the model of prenatal alcohol exposure. In 24 h after being given birth (postnatal day 0, P0), the offspring of model mice received blood sphingomyelin (SM) measurement with enzymatic method. On P0, P7, P14 and P30, the proliferation of granule cells in the dentate gyrus and newborn neurons were investigated with immunofluorescent labeling. The expression of protein kinase Cα (PKCα) in the hippocampus was tested with Western blot analysis. The results showed that the SM level of blood in SMS2(-/-) pups was significantly lower than that in WT pups. No matter in SMS2(-/-) or WT mice, the prenatal alcohol exposure down-regulated the SM levels in pups with dose-dependency. In both SMS2(-/-) and WT pups, the number of proliferative neurons and newborn neurons in the dentate gyrus gradually decreased with the growing age. Compared with the WT pups, SMS2(-/-) pups showed significantly more proliferative neurons and newborn neurons in the dentate gyrus. Notably, prenatal alcohol exposure dose-dependently increased proliferative neurons and newborn neurons in the dentate gyrus in both WT and SMS2(-/-) pups. The hippocampal expression of PKCα protein in SMS2(-/-) mice was lower than that in WT mice, and prenatal alcohol exposure could up-regulate the PKCα protein expression in both WT and SMS2(-/-) mice with dose dependency. These results suggest that alcohol exposure during pregnancy can induce the compensatory neural cell proliferation and the production of newborn neurons in offspring, and the Cer-ceramide-1-phosphate (C1P) pathway is involved in alcohol-induced neural cell proliferation. The activation of PKCα may be a key step to start the Cer-C1P pathway and up-regulate the alcohol-induced neural cell proliferation and the newborn neurons formation.
Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Ceramides ; metabolism ; Dentate Gyrus ; cytology ; Ethanol ; toxicity ; Female ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Neurons ; cytology ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects ; physiopathology ; Protein Kinase C-alpha ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Transferases (Other Substituted Phosphate Groups) ; genetics

By comparing and analyzing the similarity among the international scalp acupuncture, JIAO's scalp acupuncture and ZHU's scalp acupuncture, it is believed that the international scalp acupuncture is a combination of traditional acupuncture and other scalp acupuncture on the basis of channel theory of TCM, and this combination is worthy of discussion. However JIAO's scalp acupuncture lacks scientific evidence. So, the international scalp acupuncture following most contents of JIAO's scalp acupuncture is worthy of discussion.
Acupuncture Therapy ; methods ; Humans ; Scalp ; anatomy & histology

Objective To optimize ambi-extracting and inclusion process of volatile oil from Chuanxiong Rhizoma and Angelicae Sinensis Radix. Methods With yield ratio of volatile oil and ferulic acid content in water extract as evaluation indexes, single factor experiments were used to study the extraction process. With the inclusion rate of volatile oil and yield of inclusion as evaluation indexes, saturated aqueous solution was used to L9(34) orthogonal experiments to reach optimum inclusion process. Results The optimum extraction process of Chuanxiong Rhizoma and Angelicae Sinensis Radix was extracted for 8 hours with 8 folds the amount of water, and without soaking. The validation experiments of extraction of volatile oil and ferulic acid content in water extract were 1.23 mL and 0.387 9 mg/g. The optimum conditions of inclusion process were as follows: volatile oil (mL): β-CD (g) was 1:8;inclusion temperature was 40 ℃; inclusion time was 3 hours. The validation experiments of inclusion rate of volatile oil and yield of inclusion were 74.89% and 72.81%. Conclusion Optimum ambi-extracting and inclusion process of volatile oil from Chuanxiong Rhizoma and Angelicae Sinensis Radix are feasible and stable, witch can provide certain supporting data for preparation production.

Objective To study the features of Yersinia pestis(Y.pestis)in areas along Qinghai-Tibet Railroad in Qinghai Province.Methods To identify the biologic types and the molecular biological feathers of Y.pestis isolated from areas along Qinghai-Tibet Railroad in Qinghai from 2001-2006.Results All the tested Y.pestis was biologically of classical type and ecologically of Qinghai-Tibet plateau type.The Y.pestis had high virulence.The Y.pestis of 65×106 plasmids was distributed in the Tanggula area,the Y.pestis of 52×106plasmids,in Tianjun and Delingha areas.The Y.pestis srains carried 52 × 106 plasmids.except the two containing 65 X 106 plasmids in Wulan County.The genetic type of Y.pestis in Tanggula was type 5 and that in Zongwulong of Delingha,Saishike,Keke,Tongpu of Wulan was type 8 except 2 strains of Y.pestis isolated from woodchuck and the patients in Dananwan of Tongpu,Wulan County were type 15.Conclusion The Y.pestis in the area along Qinghai-Tibet Railroad in Qinghai belongs to Qinghai-Tibet plateau type with high virulence.

OBJECTIVETo assess the association of haplotype of HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQA1 alleles with outcomes of hepatitis B virus infection in Han population of north China.

METHODSTwo hundred and seven chronic hepatitis B (HB) patients, two hundred and twelve chronic asymptomatic hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers (HBV carrier) and one hundred and forty-eight self-limited HBV infection were investigated for HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQA1 alleles by sequence specific-polymerase chain reaction (PCR-SSP).

RESULTSThe frequency of DRB1*04-DQA1*0301 haplotype was 10.03% in self-limited HBV infection subjects, significantly higher than that in chronic HB patients (3.66%) (P=0.0005)ûthe frequency of DRB1*15/*16-DQA1*0102 haplotype was 6.80% in self-limited HBV infection subjects, significantly higher than 1.94% in chronic HB patients (P=0.0012) and 1.65% in asymptomatic HBV carriers (P=0.0004)ûwhile the frequency of DRB1*04-DQA1*0302 haplotype was 3.10% in chronic HB patients, higher than that in self-limited HBV infection subjects (0.39%) (P=0.0077).

CONCLUSIONIndividuals with different haplotypes composed of HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQA1 might have different outcomes of HBV infection.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Alleles ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; genetics ; HLA-DQ Antigens ; genetics ; HLA-DQ alpha-Chains ; HLA-DR Antigens ; genetics ; HLA-DRB1 Chains ; Haplotypes ; Hepatitis B ; genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymerase Chain Reaction

Objective To optimize the processes of extraction and inclusion of volatile oil from Citri Grandis Exocarpium. Methods With yield ratio of volatile oil as evaluation index, single factor experiments were used to study the extraction process of volatile oil. With the inclusion rate of the volatile oil and the yield of inclusion as evaluation indexes, saturated aqueous solution was used to the L9(34) orthogonal experiments to reach the best inclusion process optimization. And the microscopic imaging analysis and X-ray scattering technology were adopted to character the inclusion compound. Results The optimum extraction process of volatile oil was extracted for 10 hours with 10 folds the amount of water, and without soaking. The optimum conditions of inclusion process were as follows: volatile oil (mL): β-CD (g): water (mL) ratio was 1:8:80; inclusion temperature was 50 ℃; inclusion time was 3 hour. The validation experiments of the inclusion rate of the volatile oil and the yield of inclusion were 91.50% and 88.36%. Microscopic imaging analysis and X-ray scattering technology proved the inclusion compound had been formed. Conclusion Optimal extraction and inclusion process are feasible and stable, which can provide certain supporting data for preparation and production.