The teaching status of Molecular Pharmacognosy in 28 institutions in China was investigated by questionnaire and the survey data was analyzed by SPSS. Research contents included course beginning years, majors, class hours, characteristics of the course, teaching ways, the theory and practice contents, evaluation modes, selection of teaching material, teaching achievements, teachers and so on for undergraduates and graduates. Research results showed that with 20 years' development, Molecular Pharmacognosy had been offered for both undergraduate and graduate students in at least 20 colleges and universities and Molecular Pharmacognosy education in China showed good development momentum. At the same time, to promote the development of Molecular Pharmacognosy further, investment for it should be increased and practical teaching condition should be improved.
China ; Humans ; Molecular Biology ; education ; manpower ; methods ; trends ; Pharmacognosy ; education ; manpower ; methods ; trends ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; genetics ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Teaching ; manpower ; methods ; trends

Objective: To explore the diagnostic value of fragmented QRS (fQRS) for coronary atherosclerotic heart disease (CHD), and to analyze it's relationship with left ventricular remodeling. Methods: From Nov. 2016 to Oct. 2018, 498 hospitalized patients in the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine of Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine were selected consecutively. During the hospitalization, all the patients underwent coronary angiography. According to the angiographic results, the patients were divided into the control group (203 patients with negative or coronary stenosis < 30%), the mild to moderate stenosis group (155 patients with coronary stenosis 30% to 75%), and the severe stenosis group (140 patients with coronary stenosis≥75%). The incidences of fQRS(+) in the normal electrocardiogram among the three groups were compared by chi-square test of R×C contingency table. Two hundred and thirty patients with single-vessel stenosis≥30% were divided into the anterior descending branch group (128 cases), the right coronary branch group (59 cases), and the circumflex branch group (43 cases), and the relationship between fQRS(+) leads and diseased vessels was analyzed by nonparametric test. Finally, all the patients were divided into fQRS(+) group (86 cases) and fQRS(-) group (412 cases). The correlation between fQRS and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV), interventricular septum thickness (IVST) and left ventricular posterior wall thickness (LVPWT), respectively, were analyzed by binary Logistic regression model. Results: The chi-square test of R×C contingency table showed that the incidences of fQRS(+) in the three groups were 8.89%, 16.13% and 30.71%, respectively, with statistically significant differences (all P < 0.05). The nonparametric test showed that the fQRS(+) leads reflecting the anterior wall (V3, V4) were more common in the anterior descending branch group, and the fQRS(+) leads reflecting the interior wall and right ventricular (Ⅱ, III, AVF, V1, V2) were more common in the right coronary branch group, the fQRS(+) leads reflecting upper lateral wall (, AVL) were more common in the circumflex branch group, with statistically significant differences (all P<0.05). Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that fQRS was negatively correlated with LVEF (r=-0.030, OR=0.971, 95% CI 0.945-0.997, P=0.029), and positively correlated with LVESV (r=0.042, OR=1.043, 95% CI 1.005-1.082, P=0.026). Conclusion: fQRS has certain reference value in the clinical diagnosis of CHD, and left ventricular remodeling may be one of the mechanisms of fQRS.

Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) makes great contributions to the prosperous growth and people's health.But understanding deviation and imperfect evaluation system of TCM affect the healthy development of TCM.Clinic practice is the motive power of TCM,and curative effect is the key of TCM researches,and the scientific evaluation system is the safeguard for a healthy development of TCM.So we should focus on clinical researches of stubborn diseases and emergency cases to satisfy social demand and upgrade the position of TCM in the medical system.At the same time,functional disease must be explored to show the advantage of TCM.Our mission is to establish a scientific objective evaluation system to accurately understand TCM and take it as the turning point to give an impetus to theoretical breakthrough of the basic studies to promote an overall and healthy development of TCM.

In order to study the regularity of shedding virus from infected SPF chickens and the formation of aerosol of H9N2 subtype AIV, SPF chickens were bred in a positive and negative pressure isolator. Aerosol samples were collected by AGI-30 (All Glass Impinger-30) extractor, and simultaneously trachea and cloaca samples were collected by tracheal swabs and cloacal swabs in different periods after challenged with vi- ruses. The above-mentioned samples were detected by HI, Dot-ELISA and RT-PCR methods. The results in- dicated that aerosols were isolated from the 4 days to the 43 days after inoculation. It was proved that H9N2 subtype AIV could copy themselves in respiratory passage and cloaca, and then could formation of aerosols. AIV H9N2 subtype could be isolated from cloacal and tracheal swabs 3 days after inoculation and lasted for 45 days, viruses were detected from all infected SPF chickens on 7 days.

This study aimed to construct recombinant adenovirus expressing Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) against nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). The C-terminal region fragment of the ebna1 gene of Epstein-Barr virus was amplified from the standard strain B95-8 by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The gene fragment was inserted into the pDC316 shuttle plasmid using the EcoRI and BgIII restriction enzyme sites. The pDC316-ebna1 shuttle plasmid and pBHG helper plasmid were cotransfected into HEK293 cells after sequencing. The soluble protein was extracted from HEK293 cells, which caused apparent cytopathic effects. The transcription and expression of the ebna1 gene were confirmed using flow cytometry and Western blotting. rAd-ebna1 titers were measured by the TCID50. rAd-ebna1 was injected into BALB/c mice at a dose of 2 x 10(8) VP per mouse, EBNA1 epitope-specific responses were measured at 1st, 2nd, 4th and 8th weeks post-immunization. The target fragment of ebna1 (939 bp) was obtained by PCR, and was in consensus with the sequence from the standard strain B95-8. Cytopathic effects were observed after the pDC316-ebna1 shuttle plasmid and pBHG helper plasmid were cotransfected into HEK293 cells. rAd-ebna1 was successfully recombined in HEK293 cells. EBNA1 protein was detected in HEK293 cells, rAd-ebna1 titers reached 10(8) TCID50/mL. Specific responses to CD4+ epitopes of EBNA1 were detected in the immunized mice. In conclusion, rAd-ebna1 was successfully constructed and induced specific responses to CD4+ epitopes of EBNA1 in immunized mice.
Adenoviridae ; genetics ; immunology ; Animals ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; immunology ; virology ; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections ; immunology ; prevention & control ; virology ; Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Antigens ; administration & dosage ; genetics ; immunology ; Genetic Vectors ; genetics ; immunology ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; genetics ; immunology ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Viral Proteins ; administration & dosage ; genetics ; immunology

AIMTo observe the levels of interleukin-12 (IL-12) and platelet activating factor (PAF) in severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) in rats and the efficacy of Ginkgolide B (BN52021) in treating SAP.

METHODSWistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: model group (SAP), treatment group (BN) and negative control group (NC). SAP was induced by retrograde infusion of 5% sodium taurocholate into the pancreatic duct in Wistar rats. NC rats only receive abdominal incision. In groups of SAP and NC rats received the femoral vein injection of isotonic Na chloride 15 minutes after induction of SAP; in BN group,rats received BN52021 instead. After operation rats were sacrificed at 1, 6 and 12 hour for plasma IL-12 and PAF determined with ELISA.

RESULTSAn increase of IL-12 in group BN was observed VS group SAP or group NC at 1 h stage (p = 0.011, P < 0.01). At 6 h or 12 h stage,an increase of IL-12 in group SAP was observed VS group NC (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). The plasma level of PAF in group SAP or group BN was increased significantly at 1 h time stage VS group NC (P < 0.001). At 6 h or 12 h stage, a decrease of PAF in group BN or group NC was observed VS group SAP (P < 0.05, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONIt confirmed that the plasma level of cytokine IL-12 in SAP group was decreased significantly in early stage and it witnessed a remarkable increase of cytokine PAF. The plasma level of IL-12 was increased in early stage but PAF was decreased in rats treatment by BN52021 which inhibited the development of SAP.

Acute Disease ; Animals ; Ginkgolides ; pharmacology ; Interleukin-12 ; blood ; Lactones ; pharmacology ; Male ; Pancreatitis ; blood ; Platelet Activating Factor ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

Acute Disease ; Animals ; Astrocytes ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cats ; Dimethoate ; analogs & derivatives ; poisoning ; Female ; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein ; metabolism ; Male ; Poisoning ; metabolism ; pathology

This study was purposed to investigate the acute myeloid leukemia with complex karyotype t(2;21;8)(p12;q22;q22) (AML-M(2)) by using morphologic, immunologic, cytogenetic and molecular biologic classification technique (MICM) and to analyze the MICM characteristics of AML-M(2) and their diagnostic significance. The FAB typing of bone marrow cells (BMCs) was performed by Wright-Giemsa staining and histochemical staining of BM smears; the immunophenotype of leukemic cells was detected by flow cytometry; the karyotypes of chromosome samples prepared by short-term (48 hours) conventional culture of fresh BMCs were analyzed by RHG banding technique; the FISH signaling in mitotic metaphase was determined by dual color and dual fusion AML/ETO probe and chromosome painting probe, and was compared with results of conventional cytogenetic assay; the AML/ETO fusion transcripts were detected by nested RT-PCR. The results indicated that the bone marrow smears of case 1 showed extremely hyperplasia with myeloblasts in which a ratio of eosinophilic granulocytes and monocytes increased. Case 2 accorded with AML-M(2b) in which abnormal increase of myelocytes mainly appeared. The complex karyotype t(2;21;8)(p12;q22;q22) was detected by cytogenetic analysis combined with FISH in both two cases and AML1/ETO fusion transcripts were found by RT-PCR as well. The immunophenotype assay showed high co-expression of CD34 and HLA-DR accompanied with CD19 and CD56 expressions. It is concluded that application of MICM has an important significance for correct diagnostic typing of AML-M2 with complex karyotype variant of t(8; 21)(p12;q22;q22).
Adult ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 2 ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21 ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8 ; Female ; Humans ; Immunophenotyping ; Karyotyping ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; diagnosis ; genetics ; immunology ; Male ; Middle Aged

OBJECTIVETumor necrosis factor related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) induces cell death in a variety of tumors but not in normal cells. TRAILdouble ended arrow-resistance of most neuroblastoma (NB) cell lines is related to the loss of caspase-8 expression and the expression and distribution of membrane TRAIL-receptors. This study investigated the role of caspase-8 and DR5 in TRAIL-induced apoptosis of NB cell line SKNDZ.

METHODSThe expression of caspase-8 mRNA was detected by RT-PCR. The expression of DR5 protein was detected by Western Blot analysis. The effects of TRAIL, IFNgamma +TRAIL, chemotherapeutic agent (adriamycin or etoposide) + TRAIL, and chemotherapeutic agent +TRAIL+ IFNgamma on the growth and apoptosis of SKNDZ cells were detected by MTT assay and flow cytometry.

RESULTScaspase-8 was not expressed in SKNDZ cells but IFNgamma treatment resulted in an increase of caspase-8 expression. Expression of DR5 protein was not detected in SKNDZ cells but an increased DR5 protein expression was found after treatment with adriamycin or etoposide. The SKNDZ cells expressing caspase-8 were not sensitive to TRAIL but those SKNDZ cells expressing both caspase-8 and DR5 were sensitive. The early apoptosis rates of the adriamycin /etoposide + IFNgamma+TRAIL groups [(17.9 +/- 3.6)%, (14.8 +/- 3.3)%] were higher than that of the IFNgamma+TRAIL group [(3.9 +/- 1.2)% ](F=26.233, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSSKNDZ cells expressing both caspase-8 and DR5 restored the TRAIL sensitivity. Caspase-8 and DR5 play a key role in TRAIL-induced apoptosis of NB cells.

Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins ; pharmacology ; Blotting, Western ; Caspase 8 ; Caspases ; physiology ; Humans ; Interferon-gamma ; pharmacology ; Membrane Glycoproteins ; pharmacology ; Neuroblastoma ; pathology ; Receptors, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor ; physiology ; TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; pharmacology ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; physiology

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of gamma-interferon (IFNgamma), tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL), and cisplatin or etoposide induced apoptosis in human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y and its possible molecular mechanisms.

METHODSThe expressions of Caspase 8 mRNA and protein were detected with RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. The effects of IFN-gamma, TRAIL, IFNgamma + TRAIL, IFN-gamma + Caspase 8 inhibitor + TRAIL, IFNgamma + cisplatin + TRAIL, and IFNgamma + etoposide + TRAIL on the growth and apoptosis of SH-SY5Y cells were detected with the methods of MTT and flow cytometry. The relative Caspase 8 activity was measured with colorimetric assay.

RESULTSCaspase 8 was undetectable in SH-SY5Y cells but an increased expression of Caspase 8 mRNA and protein was found after treatment with IFNgamma. SH-SY5Y cells themselves were not sensitive to TRAIL, but those expressing Caspase 8 after treatment with IFNgamma were. The killing effect of TRAIL on SH-SY5Y cells expressing Caspase 8 was depressed by Caspase 8 inhibitor. Cisplatin and etoposide could enhance the sensitivity of TRAIL on SH-SY5Y cells. The relative Caspase 8 activity of SH-SY5Y cells in IFN-gamma + TRAIL group was significantly higher than those of control group, IFN-gamma group, TRAIL group, and inhibitor group (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference among IFN-gamma + TRAIL group, IFNgamma + cisplatin + TRAIL group, and IFNgamma + etoposide + TRAIL group.

CONCLUSIONSIFNgamma could sensitize SH-SY5Y cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis and this may be realized by the up-regulation of Caspase 8. Cisplatin and etoposide could enhance the killing effect of TRAIL on SH-SY5Y cells.

Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Caspase 8 ; genetics ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Cisplatin ; pharmacology ; Etoposide ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Interferon-gamma ; pharmacology ; Neuroblastoma ; enzymology ; genetics ; pathology ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand ; pharmacology