Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Neoplasms ; radiotherapy ; surgery ; Radiosurgery ; instrumentation ; methods ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Objective:To summarize our experience in perioperative anesthetic management for fulminant hepatic failure (FHF)patients receiving liver transplantation.Methods:The clinical anesthetic data of 48 FHF patients receiving orthotopic liver transplantations(OLT)from January 2006 to January 2007 were retrospectively analyzed,and the anesthetic management expe- rience was summarized.General anesthesia was applied;the hemodynamics was monitored during the operation and doses of adrenaline and phenylephrine were adjusted according to the monitoring results.Blood samples were obtained before operation, before anheptic,30 min after anhepatic phase,5 min before neohepatic phase,and 5 min,30 min and 60 min after neohepatic phase for blood gas and electrolyte analysis and for determination of coagulation function;the drugs were subsequently adjusted according to analysis results.Results:All the 48 patient underwent successful anesthetic management and there was no death dur- ing opearation.The average blood loss during operation was(5 219?478)ml.Mild alkalosis,hypokalemia,hyponatrium,and hy- pocalcemia were present before operations,pH,BE and HCO_3~- were obviously reduced 30 min after anhepatic phase and in- creased 60 min after neohepatic phase.Kalemia was obviously increased 30 min following anhepatic phase and began to increase 60 min following neohepatic phase.Calium concentration was decreased at the end of preanhepatic phase(P

All the examination results of anesthesia interns from 1996 to 2003 were analyzed.The content and criteria of examination in anesthesia intern which was formulated by our university was evaluated.The cause of deficiency reflected by examination results and problems existing in education were analyzed to improve clinic training for anesthesia intern and cultivate excellent anesthesia specialist.

Objective To investigate the distribution of high-arsenic drinking water in Honghu city of Hubei province in order to provide a scientific basis for prevention and control of endemic arsenic disease.Methods Investigations were made in 22 townships(towns,districts),68 natural villages of the drainage areas of the Dongjing River,the Neijing River and the Yangtse River in 2006 and 2007,with the townships(towns,districts)around Shahu town in Xiantao city as the focal point.1000 water samples were drawn each year,which was 10% of all the wells in every natural village.Using sampling investigation,water arsenic Was determined by half-quantitative fast reagent kit.All samples of water with arsenic exceeding the standard(≥0.03 mg/L)were re-determined according to state standard.Surveys on the disease was carried out in the villages(brigades)where arsenic exceeded the standard.Results A total of 2000 samples were surveyed from 68 natural villages,of which there were 401 samples from 48 villages exceeding the standard in a rate of 20.05%(401/2000).The highest arsenic content Was 0.71 mg/L.The high arsenic water sources were distributed mainy in the drainage areas of the Dongjing River and the Neijing River,but no patients with endemic arsenic disease were found.Conclusions The high arsenic water sources are distributed mainly in the drainage areas of the Dongjing River and the Neijing River.It is suggested that the interrelated government departments should take precise measures to impmve the quality of drinking water and ensure safe water to the residents in high arsenic areas.

Background Vitreous hemorrhage in long-term produces toxic substances and influent the metabolism of eye tissue.Lens capsule is found more thin and transparent in the eyes with chronic vitreous hemorrhage.To research the effect of vitreous hemorrhage to lens is very important for the choose of the phaco operative timing.Objective The aim of this work was to investigate the ultrastructural change of lens epithelial cells(LECs) in the eyes with experimental vitreous hemorrhage.Methods The autologous blood of 0.1 ml was intravitreally injected in the left eyes of 8 general New Zealand white rabbits,and the equal amount of phosphate buffered saline(pH7.4) was used at the same way in the right eyes.Vitreous and fundus were examined with direct ophthalmoscope on 1,3,5,9,15,20,25,30 days to assess the inflammatory response after intravitreal injection.The specimens of lens anterior capsule were obtained in 30 days after injection and the ultrastructure and apoptosis of LECs were evaluated under the transmission electron microscope. Results No obvious ocular inflammatory response was seen throughout the experimental duration,and there was no vitreous hemorrhage in the right eyes after intravitreal injection.The vitreous hemorrhage agglutinated with clear boundary in the left eyes on 1 day after intravitreal injection,and the hemorrhage turned into dark-red color on the fifth day.On the fifteenth day after injection,the hemorrhage mass became to be grey color and the vitreous liquefaction occurred in the left eyes.The hemorrhage disappeared until 25 days.But in the one month after injection of self-blood,the vitreous showed the deeper red color.The early apoptosis appeared in the LECs of the left eyes in the thirty day,presenting the enlargement and broaden of intercellular space,the decrease of mitochondria number,vacuolar change,expanse of endoplasmic reticulum and disappearance of the nuclear membrane structure. Conclusions Vitreous hemorrhage leads to the ultrastructural pathological changes of lens.

Background Chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans (CSPGs) can cause the termination of ocular dominance plasticity in the visual cortex.Recently,protein tyrosine phosphatase σ (PTPσ) has been identified as a receptor that inhibits CSPGs.However,whether PTPσ and its downstream molecules participate in the reactivation of ocular dominance plasticity in adult visual cortex has not been studied.Objective The present study was to investigate the changes in the expression of the PTPσ,probabilistic neural networks (PNNs),and molecules downstream of PNN,such as N-cadherin/β-catenin,after the reactivation of adult visual cortical plasticity.Methods Fifty-four SPF Long Evans rats were grouped according to different postnatal week (PW) as the PW1 (6 rats),PW3 (6 rats),PW5 (6 rats),PW7 (24 rats),and PW9 (12 rats) groups,and the upper and lower eyelids were sutured in the 12 rats from the PW7 group for 14 days to establish the binocular plasticity reactivation models.Expression of PTPσ and PNNs in the rat visual cortex was detected using immunochemistry,and changes of PTPσ mRNA,N-cadherin mRNA and β-catenin mRNA expression in the rat visual cortex with plasticity reactivation were assessed by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT Q-PCR).The use of animals followed the Regulations for the Administration of Affairs Concerning Experimental Animals by State Science and Technology Commission.Results The expression level of PTPσ mRNA was significantly higher in the PW9 group than that of the binocular plasticity reactivation models and the PW7 group (t =1.965,3.526,P＜0.01).The staining of the rat visual cortex for PTPσwas localized to the cellular membrane,cytoplasm and axon.Cell densities of the PW9 group in the Ⅱ-Ⅲ layer,Ⅳ layer and Ⅴ-Ⅵ layer of the visual cortex were elevated in the PW9 rats compared with the PW7 rats (t =24.593,23.444,13.556,P＜0.01) and rats from the binocular plasticity reactivation model (t =44.111,43.000,16.556,P＜0.01).Cell densities for PNNs in the Ⅳ and Ⅴ-Ⅵ layers were significantly increased in the PW9 rats in comparison with the PW7 rats (t=1.926,P＜0.01 ;t=1.370,P＜0.05),but the cell density in the Ⅱ-Ⅱ layer has no statistical significance (t=0.889,P＞0.05).However,cell densities for PNNs in the Ⅱ-Ⅲ and Ⅳ layers in the binocular plasticity reactivation models were lower than those of the PW9 rats (t =2.556,4.585,P＜0.01).Compared with PW1 rats,the expression levels of the N-cadherin mRNA in the PW3,PW5,PW7,PW9 rats were lower (t =28.932,28.988,27.083,28.908,P＜0.01),but those in the PW7 rats were enhanced in comparison with the PW3 rats,PW5 rats and PW9 rats (t =1.848,1.904,1.825,P＜0.01).No significant difference was seen in the expression of the N-cadherin mRNA between the PW9 rats and rats from the binocular plasticity reactivation model (t =0.072,P＞0.05).A statistically significant increase was found in the β-catenin mRNA expression in the PW1 rats compared with the PW3,PW5,PW7 and PW9 rats (t =3.918,3.534,2.645,4.652,P＜ 0.0 1),as well as between rats from the binocular plasticity reactivation model and the PW9 rats (t =0.570,P＜0.01).Conclusions PTPr,PNNs and β-catenin are involved in the reactivation of ocular dominance plasticity in the adult visual cortex.

OBJECTIVETo explore the therapeutic effect of acupuncture for hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage at the early stage.

METHODSFifty-four cases of small-amount cerebral hemorrhage were randomized into an acupuncture group and a conventional treatment group, 27 cases in each one. In the conventional treatment group, special care, oxygen therapy, nerve nutrition and symptomatic support were applied. In necessary, dehydrant and hypotensive drugs were prescribed for antihypertension, or surgery was given. In the acupuncture group, on the basis of the treatment as the control group, acupuncture was applied at Quchi (LI 11), Neiguan (PC 6), Zusanli (ST 36), Sanyinjiao (SP 6) and Taichong (LR 3). Acupuncture was given at the admission, 4 h, 6 h and 12 h after disease onset respectively. Blood pressure was monitored in the whole procedure. 6 h and 24 h after disease onset, the cranial CT was re-examined. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), hematoma volume and neurological deficit score were compared at different time points between the two groups.

RESULTS(1) Blood pressure: from the admission to 12 h after disease onset, SBP, DBP and MAP were increased apparently in the conventional treatment group and increased slightly in the acupuncture group. The differences in SBP [(164.3 +/- 21.6) mmHg vs (158.6 +/- 21.5) mmHg] and MAP [(113.4 +/- 4.9) mmHg vs (106.7 +/- 6.1) mmHg] were significant between the two groups (both P < 0.05). From 12 h to 24 h after disease onset, compared with the conventional treatment group, SBP and MAP were decreased apparently in the acupuncture group [(147.3 +/- 21.6) mmHg vs (158.4 +/- 23.5) mmHg, (97.2 +/- 5.3) mmHg vs (106.6 +/- 5.1) mmHg, both P < 0.05)]. (2) Hematoma volume: from the admission to 6 h after disease onset, the volume was increased by (4.15 +/- 0.73) mL in the convertional treatment group and (2.67 +/- 0.33) mL in the acupuncture group, indicating the significant difference in comparison (P < 0.05). From the admission to 24 h after disease onset, it was increased by (5.57 +/- 1.26) mL in the convertional treatment group and (3.14 +/- 1.18) mL in the acupuncture group, indicating the significant difference in comparison (P < 0.05). (3) Neurological deficit score: the score was increasing gradually in first 3 days after disease onset in the two groups. The score (38.39 +/- 6.84) in the acupuncture group on the first day was different significantly as compared with that (42.37 +/- 7.46) in the conventional treatment group (P < 0.05). On the 10th days, the score (24.68 +/- 5.42) in the acupuncture group was different significantly from that (29.74 +/- 7.36) in the convertional treatment group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThere is no peak of blood pressure rising, and the continuous hemorrhagic volume is less in 24 h and neurological deficit score is improved in the acupuncture group. Acupuncture brings the positive significance in the treatment of cerebral hemorrhage at the early stage.

Acupuncture Therapy ; Adult ; Aged ; Blood Pressure ; Cerebral Hemorrhage ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Female ; Hematoma ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged

Little is known about the non-structural protein 6(NSP6)of rotavirus.This report describes expression of the NSP6 of a group A human rotavirus strain TB-Chen in bacteria,and its immunological properties and cellular distribution.The results showed that the recombinant NSP6(rNSP6)was expressed in high efficiency without any other proteins fused(possesses about 34.2% of total bacterial proteins).rNSP6 elicited mono-specific antibodies in immunized guinea pigs and the antibodies could react with the rNSP6 itself and the viral NSP6 proteins synthesized in SA11-or Wa-infected MA104 cells in Western blot and immunofluorescence assay.The NSP6 distributed evenly in the cytoplasm mainly around the nucleus of virus-infected cells,no viroplasm-like gathering observed;The top amount of NSP6 synthesized in SA11-infected cells or Wa-infected cells could be detected at 12h after infection.This is the first report about the high expression of entire NSP6(without any other proteins fused)in prokaryotic expression system and detection of NSP6 synthesis in virus infected cells by immunofluorescence assay.The results are important to understand the structure,biological properties and further application of the NSP6.

Background Following the accelerated speed of population aging in China,the incidence of cataract is rising gradually.Researches indicated that senescenee marker protein-30 ( SMP-30 ) is closely associated with the occurring and developing of cataract. Objective This study was to investigate the expression of SMP-30 in human lens epithelial cells(LECs) of age-related cataract and study the relationship between SMP-30 and apoptosis.Methods Capsulotomy was performed on 80 eyes of 59 patients with simple cortex age-related cataract and 70 eyes of 53 age-matched patients with nucleus age-related cataract.The anterior capsular specimens were obtained by circularly capsulorhexis during the operation.Expressions of the SMP-30 protein and mRNA in the LECs of two types of cataract were detected using immunochemistry and real-time PCR respectively.Apoptosis of the LECs was assayed by TUNEL.The differences of expression of SMP-30 and apoptosis were compared between the two types of cataract.Results Immunochemistry showed that SMP-30 was expressed in cytoplasm of LECs.The expression intensity of SMP-30 was higher in the center zone compared with periphery zone.The apoptosis rate of LECs was significantly higher in the center of the anterior capsule than the periphery in both two types of cataract ( nucleus cataract:19.34％±0.11％ vs 8.32 ％ ± 0.57 ％,P =0.025 ; cortex cataract:42.07 ％ ± 0.86 ％ vs 13.55 ％ ± 0.64 ％,P =0.010 ).The expression amount of SMP-30 mRNA was lower at the periphery than the center of lens in both two types of cataract (nucleus cataract:45.21±2.79 vs 76.42±11.21,P=0.042 ;cortex cataract:108.32±4.32 vs 206.34±15.67,P=0.037 ),and that of nucleus cataract was significantly lower than cortex cataract (60.02±9.08 vs 157.33 ± 13.01,P =0.034),and the apoptosis rate of LECs was declined in the nucleus cataract group compared with the cortex cataract group ( 14.05％ ±0.22％ vs 27.70％ ±0.81％,P =0.007 ). Conclusions LECs apoptosis exists in age-related cataract.SMP-30 probably plays an important role in the formation of cataract.

OBJECTIVEThe expressions of caspase-1 and cytokines activated by caspase-1 are associated with the pathophysiology of many diseases for its proinflammatory and proapototic peculiarity. However its relationship to brain injury of developing rats following recurrent seizures has not yet been identified. This study aimed to investigate the role of caspase-1 and cytokines activated by caspase-1 in brain injury of developing rats following recurrent seizures.

METHODSA total of 96 postnatal 20 day Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned into Control and Seizure groups. Seizures were induced in the Seizure group by flurothyl inhalation daily for six days. Brain tissues were sampled at 6 hrs, and at 1, 3, and 7 days after last seizure. The expressions of caspase-1, interleukin (IL)-18 and IL-1beta mRNA in the cerebral cortex were detected by RT-PCR. The water content of the brain and the pathological changes of cortex nerve cells were observed. Brain injury was evaluated using a semiquantitative neuropathological scoring system.

RESULTSThe levels of caspase-1 and IL-18 mRNA in the cerebral cortex of the Seizure group were obviously higher than those in the Control group at 6 hrs, and at 1, 3, and 7 days after seizure (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). The expression of IL-1beta mRNA in the Seizure group exhibited a biphasic pattern: increased significantly at 6 hrs, and at 1 and 7 days post-seizure (P < 0.01), but was not significantly different from the Control group at 3 days post-seizure. Edema, degeneration and necrosis of nerve cells in cerebral cortex, accompanying by inflammatory cell infiltration and apoptosis of nerve cells, were observed under a light microscope in the Seizure group after recurrent seizures. The water content of the brain in the Seizure group increased significantly compared with that in the Control group at 6 hrs, and at 1 and 3 days after recurrent seizures (P < 0.01). The Seizure group had significantly higher neuropathological scores than the Control group at each time point (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSCaspase-1 and cytokines activated by caspase-1 play an important role in the developing brain injury after recurrent seizures.

Animals ; Brain ; pathology ; Caspase 1 ; genetics ; physiology ; Female ; Interleukin-1 ; genetics ; physiology ; Interleukin-18 ; genetics ; physiology ; Male ; RNA, Messenger ; analysis ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Recurrence ; Seizures ; pathology